艾滋病病毒感染与病毒载量的一些解释

　　医生在检测我CD4的同时，还建议我检测病毒载量，到底那是什么呢？

　　

　　病毒载量，简单来讲是通过测量从而显示每毫升（大约一滴血）血液里病毒的数量。

　　

　　感染者一般所熟知的CD4 检测，是用于测量人体内每毫升内CD4细胞的数量。在反应免疫系统的CD4检测外，关心病毒在自身体内的复制情况也是必要的。因此，在有条件的情况下，应定期进行病毒载量检测。

　　

　　病毒载量检测是通过一种叫聚合酶链锁反应（PCR）的技术完成的，英文缩写为HIV RNA，检测结果在“测不到”到一个具体的庞大数字不等。

　　

　　如何阅读病毒量的高和低呢？

　　与CD4 检测一样，病毒载量检测同样有一定的标准来衡量。艾滋病病毒载量测量是以拷贝（copies）为单位，计算每一毫升（ milliliter ）有多少病毒量，如 copies ／ ml。若病毒量在 10,000 copies ／ ml 以下是 “低 ” ， 100,000 copies ／ ml 以上是 “ 高 ” 。

　　何谓艾滋病毒“测不到”？

　　每一种测验方法都有无法测出艾滋病毒数最低值的限制。目前的仪器检测血液中艾滋病毒的数量其最低值是50 copies／ml。任何血液样本，若低于这门坎表示病毒量低于可测量的限度，报告中一般显示低于测量值，就是说“测不到”。这并不表示你的血液中没有病毒，而是病毒量在0与50 copies／ml之间，因数量太低，仪器无法测出。但是，血液“测不到”的病毒还是会广泛存在于精液、阴道分泌物、骨髓、内脏中，你还是有可能经由非安全性行为或共享针头传染给别人，病毒也会趁恰当的时机继续大量复制。

　　那有什么方法可以使我偏高的病毒量下降呢？

　　抗病毒药物的联合用药，也就是鸡尾酒疗法可以。抗艾滋病毒的药主要是阻止病毒侵入体内完好的细胞以及再复制更多的艾滋病病毒。药必须在你的血液内保持某种必要的浓度，才能有效。当药物的浓度低于最低标准时，病毒不仅能再次复制，新的拷贝还可能对药物产生耐药性。当药不再发挥效用时，耐药的病毒能自由地再行复制。有很多情况是，病毒能对所有同一类的药产生耐药性，不仅是你目前所服的某种药而已。虽然，当药的组合无效时你可以换新的用药方案，但目前抗病毒药物选择有限，国内更是如此。

　　我已经开始服用抗病毒药物了，病毒载量检测又起什么作用呢？

　　如果你坚持服药，病毒载量检测可以了解药效。抗艾滋病病毒的药物若产生效果，病毒量会下降。如果你刚开始服药或是打算改变药的组合，最好先做基准线病毒量测验，然后隔一段时间，如几个月之后，再做第二次测验。这两次检验结果的差异，表示所服用的药在短期内抗病毒的效果。

　　服用抗病毒药物时，病毒量会大量下降，抵抗力会上升，最理想可以无限期延长发病时间。大多数服用抗病毒联合用药后，血液内的病毒量都可减低到“测不到”。如果你正确地服用抗艾滋病病毒药物，但你的病毒量开始上升，或回升到基准线的程度，可能表示药的药效在降低。

　　

　　最后，我想知道CD4和病毒载量的结果之间的关系是怎么样的呢？

　　尽管体质不同的人，有不同的发病过程。但在没有服用抗病毒药物的前题下，当艾滋病病毒数在血液中越来越多时，CD4细胞的数量会因被破坏而减少，直到出现发病的症状。所以，提早及时的检测、上药对降低治疗成本有积极的意义。

　　无论是感染者还是医护人员，所获得的CD4 和病毒载量结果都应同时被考虑，单方面参考其中一项结果都是欠缺客观性的。

　　HIV infection and viral load of some explanation

　　I CD4 doctors in the detection, it is also suggested that I detect viral load, in the end then, what is it »

　　 

　　Viral load, speaking through a simple measurement to display per milliliter (about one drop of blood) the amount of virus in the blood.

　　 

　　Infections are generally known as CD4 test, is used to measure the human body within the CD4 cells per milliliter of the number. In response to the immune system's CD4 test, the virus in their own interest in the copy situation is necessary. Therefore, the conditional circumstances, should conduct regular viral load testing.

　　 

　　Viral load testing is through a called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology completed, the initials for HIV RNA, test results in the "measured less than" to a large number of specific ranges.

　　 

　　How to read the virus in high and low? »

　　And the CD4 test, the viral load test the same have a certain standard to measure. HIV viral load measurement is copy (copies) as a unit, calculated each ml (milliliter) of the number of viruses, such as copies / ml. If the virus in the 10000 copies / ml following is "low", 100000 copies / ml and above is "high."

　　What is HIV "measured less than" »

　　Every kind of test methods have not measured the lowest number of HIV restrictions. The current detection equipment in the blood of HIV is the lowest number of its 50 copies / ml. Any blood samples, below this threshold that the virus is less than measurable limits, the report generally lower than the measured value, that is "measured not." This does not mean that you no virus in the blood, but the virus of 0 and 50 copies / ml between, because the number is too low, the equipment can not be measured. However, the blood "measured less than" the virus will still widespread in semen, vaginal secretions, bone marrow, visceral, you-and it is still possible through safe sex or sharing needles spread to others, the virus will take appropriate time Continue to copy a lot.

　　What is the method that I can make the high-volume dropped it »

　　The combination of antiviral drugs, which is cocktail therapy can be. Anti-HIV drugs is to stop the virus penetrated the body intact cells and to reproduce more of the AIDS virus. Drugs must be in your blood necessary to maintain a certain level, to be effective. When the drug concentration is below the minimum standards, the virus can not reproduce again, the new copy may also be resistant to the drug. When the drug no longer effective, the resistance of the virus can be freely copied again. There are many cases, the virus can be for all the same type of drug resistance, not only is your current clothing and some medicine only. Although, when the combination drug is invalid, you can use the replacement programme, but the limited choice of antiviral drugs, particularly domestic.

　　I have started taking antiviral drugs, viral load detection saying what role it »

　　If you insist on medication, viral load testing can understand efficacy. Anti-HIV drugs to produce results if the virus volume will decline. If you just start taking drugs or intention to change the composition of the best先做baseline tests of the virus, and then from time to time, such as after a couple of months, do a second test. This difference in the two test results, said that by taking the drug in the short term anti-viral effect.

　　Use of antiviral drugs, the virus will be a lot of drop, resistance will rise, the best time to onset can be extended indefinitely. Most use anti-virus combination, the amount of virus in the blood can be reduced to "less than measured." If you correctly taking anti-HIV drugs, but your virus began to rise, or return to the baseline level, may indicate that the drug's efficacy in reducing.

　　 

　　Finally, I would like to know CD4 and viral load in the relationship between the outcome is how this kind of »

　　Although the Constitution different people have different disease process. But in the absence of the use of antiviral drugs before that, when the AIDS virus in the blood a few more for some time, CD4 cell number will be reduced due to be destroyed until the onset of symptoms appear. Therefore, early detection and timely, on the drug to reduce the cost of treatment has a positive meaning.

　　Whether or infected health care workers, given the CD4 and viral load results should be considered at the same time, the reference to a unilateral one of the results is the lack of objectivity.