健康，一个沉重的话题 南非发表2008年度健康状况调查报告
2009年01月15日09:12 来源：《科技日报》
生活条件改善，并不意味着健康状况一定会提高。南非健康系统基金会近日发表的2008年度健康状况调查报告表明，在过去的10年中，南非人的健康状况呈下降趋势。
艾滋病：南非人健康恶化的主因
报告指出，10年来，南非在提供洁净水和卫生设施等这些对健康至关重要的服务方面有非常明显的改善。2001年，全国有13.6%%的住房没有厕所，到2007年则降至8%%。在消除窝棚等简陋房屋方面也取得了进展，临时房屋所占比例从2001年的16.4%%降至2007年的14.4%%。
但是，南非人口中艾滋病病毒携带者和艾滋病人占有非常高的比例，这成为南非人整体健康状况恶化的主要原因。目前在南非，每4个死者中就有一个是死于感染性疾病，特别是伴随艾滋病并发的肺结核病。
死亡数字在无情增加
从1997年至2005年，青年和儿童的死亡数字在无情地增加。特别是30岁到34岁的年轻妇女，2005年的死亡率是1997年的4倍。而儿童在长到5岁之前，每1000个儿童中会有69人死亡。2000年，超过三分之一的儿童死因与艾滋病有关。
另一方面，母死率———妇女在怀孕期间、分娩时和分娩后短时间的死亡率也在上升。1998年，每10万怀孕妇女中有117人死亡，到2004年则上升至147人。导致母死率上升的主要原因是与怀孕无关的感染性疾病，如艾滋病、肺结核和肺炎等。
南非人死亡的三大杀手
报告指出，可能导致南非人死亡的三大“杀手”是：不安全的性行为、个人暴力和药物滥用。性行为是艾滋病病毒传播的主要途径，对此无需多言。2007年，南非15%%的死者是死于谋杀、暴力和事故等非自然原因（据2000年的统计数字，南非的谋杀率是世界平均水平的7倍）；而药物滥用者中有39%%对酒精上瘾，23%%吸食可卡因成瘾。
与此同时，政府的戒烟运动成效显著，从1993年至2003年，吸烟人数下降了10%%，目前吸烟者占人口的比例为22.4%%。（本报比勒陀利亚1月9日电 本报记者李学华）
At 9:12 on January 15, 2009 Source: "Science and Technology Daily"
To improve the living conditions does not mean that health conditions will improve. South African Health System Foundation recently published 2008 annual health survey report shows that in the past 10 years, the health status of South Africans showed a downward trend.
AIDS: South Africa were the main reason for deteriorating health
The report notes that the past 10 years, South Africa in the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities vital to the health services have a very marked improvements. In 2001, there are 13.6%% of homes have no toilets, and in 2007 dropped to 8%%. Such as the elimination of substandard housing in shanty progress has been made, the proportion of temporary housing in 2001 from 16.4%% to 14.4% of 2007%.
However, the South African population of HIV carriers and AIDS patients occupied a very high percentage, which became the overall health status of South Africans the main reason for the deterioration. Currently in South Africa, every four dead, one died of infectious diseases, especially AIDS, accompanied by concurrent TB.
In the relentless increase in the number of deaths
From 1997 to 2005, youth and children, the number of deaths increased in the mercilessly. Particularly the 30-year-old to 34-year-old young women, in 2005 the mortality rate is 4 times in 1997. And children up to 5 years before the 1000 children each have 69 people dead. In 2000, more than one-third of children with AIDS-related causes of death.
On the other hand, the death rate of mothers --- women during pregnancy, childbirth and after delivery of short-term mortality rate is also rising. In 1998, for every 100,000 pregnant women, there were 117 deaths in 2004 rose to 147. Resulting in increased maternal death rate is mainly due to pregnancy-related infectious diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and pneumonia.
South Africa's three killer dead
The report notes that South Africa could lead to deaths of three "killer" are: unsafe sex, personal violence and drug abuse. AIDS, sex is the main way to the spread of the virus, which Needless to say. In 2007, South Africa, 15 percent% of the deceased died of murder, violence and accidents, such as unnatural causes (according to 2000 statistics, South Africa's murder rate is one of the world average of 7 times); and drug abusers in 39% % addicted to alcohol, 23%% cocaine addiction.
At the same time, the Government's smoking cessation campaign achieved remarkable results, from 1993 to 2003, the number of smokers dropped by 10%%, the current smokers, the proportion of the population accounted for 22.4%%. (RMRB Pretoria January 9 Xinhua reporter Li Xuehua)