美国杜克大学医学中心研究人员发现了两种强力抗体——2F5和4E10阻断艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染的机制。该发现为研制新的、更有效的艾滋病疫苗指出了一个新方向。相关研究刊发在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

　　美国杜克大学医学中心人类疫苗研究所的S·穆尼尔·阿拉姆博士和哈佛医学院的儿科助理教授陈兵(音译)博士一起，对两种对抗HIV的潜在强力抗体——2F5和4E10进行了研究。

　　这两种抗体十分罕见，属于广效性中和抗体，它们能够阻断若干不同的HIV毒株。HIV有其致命的薄弱之处，即所谓的病毒外层包膜近侧区。在这一区域靠近病毒包膜的一部分外蛋白质层，会在细胞融合和感染过程中短暂开放，从而使病毒有几分钟的时间暴露在抗体面前。而这两种抗体正是利用这个机会与病毒绑定，从而阻断HIV。

　　但要控制病毒感染，还面临着这样的问题：在艾滋病病毒感染者中，这两种抗体十分罕见，而目前的试验性疫苗还不能产生这些抗体。此外，这类抗体的“机会之窗”也十分狭窄。

　　“病毒目标区域只开放几分钟——也许只有15分钟甚至更短。”阿拉姆博士说，“除非抗体与目标十分接近，并做好了准备，否则就不会起作用。这意味着我们要设计出新型疫苗，可诱导更多的这类抗体，让它们在感染的最初阶段即投入战斗。”

　　2F5和4E10都具有很长的、一圈一圈的蛋白质片段，这些片段具有疏水性，这意味着它们容易被脂质吸引。研究人员发现，抗体要成功对接到HIV的外膜区域，有赖于抗体可依附在HIV外层类脂包膜上，而这些包膜中就含有脂质。

　　该研究团队已开始设计一种含有脂质成分的疫苗。该论文的合著者、人类疫苗研究所主任巴顿·海恩斯指出，在这些中和抗体的所有功能中，病毒粒子脂质反应性作用给他们的研究提供了一个关键性切入点，即免疫系统需要看到什么才会产生这类抗体。他们基于这些发现而设计出的新型疫苗，目前已开始进行动物试验。刘海英

 

转自科技日报America study found that two kinds of antibodies against HIV mechanism
http://www.cyol.net 2009-11-13
Duke University Medical Center researchers have found two powerful antibodies - 2F5 and 4E10 block the AIDS virus (HIV) infection mechanism. The discovery order to develop new, more effective AIDS vaccine have pointed out a new direction. Related research published in the "U.S. National Academy of Sciences," on.

Duke University Medical Center Human Vaccine Institute, and Dr. S ·穆尼尔阿拉姆assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School Bing (phonetic), Dr, together with two kinds of antibodies against HIV, the potential strength - 2F5 and 4E10 to studied.

These two antibodies are very rare, are broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies, they can block a number of different HIV strains. HIV has its fatal weakness, namely, the so-called outer envelope of the virus, proximal zone. In this region near the outer part of the viral envelope protein layer of cell fusion and infection in the course of a brief opening, which gives the virus a few minutes before exposure to antibodies. Both of which antibody is bound to take this opportunity to work with the virus, thereby blocking HIV.

But to control the virus infection, is also faced with this problem: in HIV infected persons, these two antibodies are very rare, and the present experimental vaccines can not produce these antibodies. In addition, such antibodies "window of opportunity" is also very narrow.

"The virus target area is only open a few minutes - perhaps only 15 minutes or less."阿拉姆博士said, "unless the antibody with the target is very close, and well prepared, otherwise will not work. Which means we have to in designing a new vaccine could induce more such antibodies, so that their initial stage of the infection into battle. "

2F5 and 4E10 have a very long, lap lap of protein fragments, these fragments have a hydrophobic, which means that they are easy to attract lipids. The researchers found that antibodies to the success of receiving the HIV outer membrane area depends on the HIV antibody can be attached to the outer lipid envelope, which contains a lipid envelope on.

The research team has begun to design a vaccine containing the lipid component. Co-author of the paper, Barton Haynes, director of Human Vaccine Institute, pointed out that the antibodies in these and in all of the features, the virus particles role of lipid response to their study provides a critical entry point, namely, the immune system need to see what would generate such antibodies. They are designed based on these discovered a new vaccine has now started animal testing. LIU Hai-ying

  

Transfer from Science and Technology Daily