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吸毒与艾滋病之间有着怎样的关系?
2009-06-24 17:00:48 来源: 人民网(北京)
刘志民:艾滋病(AIDS)是“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”的英文缩写中译名,导致艾滋病的病原微生物是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV,也称艾滋病病毒)。HIV主要破坏人体的免疫系统,导致免疫功能下降引起的艾滋病,患艾滋病后易导致一系列的感染、肿瘤和其它相关疾病,最终死亡。尽管人类发现艾滋病的时间还不到30年,但它已成为世界上仅次于心脏病、脑血管病和恶性肿瘤的第四个主要致死原因。
我国大陆自1985年发现第1例艾滋病病人以来,截至2008年底,已累计报告HIV感染者和艾滋病患者25万余例,但估计实际HIV感染者已超过60万人。艾滋病在我国的流行经过了散发期和局部流行期,已转为广泛流行期。
在艾滋病流行早期,HIV感染者以外籍公民和涉外华人为主;而随着毒品问题在我国云南部分地区死灰复燃和流行蔓延,吸毒者成为主要HIV感染人群之一。目前,我国的HIV感染者中约40%左右是吸毒者。那么,吸毒与艾滋病有什么相关关系呢?这里,我们要从HIV的感染途径说起。
艾滋病病毒的传播途径有三:经血传播、性传播和母婴垂直传播,一般日常生活接触包括与感染者共同就餐、握手、拥抱、共用马桶以及蚊虫叮咬都不会被感染。因此健康的生活方式,杜绝婚外性行为洁身自爱就可以有效避免艾滋病的感染。
吸毒者是如何感染上HIV的呢?根据我们对云南、新疆、湖北和北京四地区吸毒者吸毒行为的调查显示,有70.6%的吸毒者以静脉和肌肉注射方式滥用毒品;其中曾与1人以上共用注射器的占89.2%;此外,被调查群体中还有一些人曾经为获取钱或毒品而同他人发生性行为。根据上述HIV的传播方式可以看出,如果吸毒群体中有人感染HIV或肝炎病毒,就会通过共用注射器方式而互相感染传播。这是吸毒者感染HIV的最主要原因。此外,HIV还可以通过精液、阴道分泌液而传播,这样,无论是男性还是女性HIV感染者都可能通过性交方式而传播和感染HIV。由此可见,吸毒者通过静脉注射方式吸毒、吸毒者之间共用被污染注射器和吸毒者为获得毒资而从事卖淫活动是HIV感染的主要原因。
Between drug abuse and AIDS What is the relation?
2009-06-24 17:00:48 Source: People's Network (Beijing)
Liu Zhimin: HIV (AIDS) is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome," the initials of the English translation of the pathogenic microorganisms which causes AIDS is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as HIV). HIV major damage to the body's immune system, resulting in decreased immune function caused by AIDS, lead to AIDS, after a series of infections, tumors and other related diseases and ultimately death. Although the time of AIDS discovered less than 30 years, but it has become the world second only to heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and malignant tumors of the fourth major cause of death.
China's mainland since 1985 and found the first since one cases of AIDS patients, as at the end of 2008, the report had been HIV-infected people and 25 million cases of AIDS, it is estimated that the actual HIV-infected persons has more than 600,000 people. AIDS epidemic in China has been distributed and local epidemic period, have been converted to a view widely popular.
Early in the AIDS epidemic, HIV-infected persons to foreign citizens and foreign-based Chinese; and with the drug problem in some areas of Yunnan in China and the resurgence of epidemic spread of HIV infection in drug users as a major one of the crowd. At present, China's HIV-infected people in about 40% are drug addicts. So, what is drug abuse and AIDS-related relationship? Here, we should talk about ways of HIV infection.
The spread of HIV in three ways: blood transmission, sexual transmission and mother-to-child vertical transmission, the general daily life, including contact with infected people dining together, shaking hands, hugging, sharing toilets and mosquito bites will not be infected. Therefore a healthy lifestyle,洁身自爱put an end to extra-marital sex can effectively prevent HIV infection.
Drug users infected with HIV is how the it? Based on our Yunnan, Xinjiang, Hubei and Beijing conduct of drug addicts four areas the survey showed that 70.6% of intravenous drug users and drug abuse intramuscular way; them with 1 person share accounted for more than 89.2% of the syringe; In addition, the groups being investigated, some people have access to money or drugs and having sex with others. According to the mode of transmission of HIV can be seen, if the drug group was infected with HIV or hepatitis C virus, the way will be through the sharing of syringes and the spread of cross-infection. Drug users infected with HIV this is the main reason. In addition, HIV can also semen, vaginal fluid and spread, so that both men and women infected with HIV may be spread through sexual intercourse and infection means HIV. This shows that drug addicts through intravenous drug use, drug users sharing contaminated needles among drug abusers and for drug money and engaging in prostitution is the main reason for HIV infection.
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