近日，由云南戴托普药物依赖治疗康复中心和亚太艾滋病服务机构委员会主办的“艾滋病反歧视法律研讨会”上，多位专家学者对艾滋病病毒感染者和病人合法权益的保护问题进行了探讨。
首例艾滋病病毒感染者诉保险公司案
2008年春节来临之际，正值南方大雪，艾滋病病毒感染者李伟（化名）向中国平安保险公司购买了一份意外伤害保险。之后，他发现所购保险合同免责条款中写有“因下列情形之一，造成被保险人身故、残疾或医疗费用支出的，本公司不负给付保险责任……被保险人患艾滋病（AIDS）或感染艾滋病毒（HIV呈阳性）期间”。
保险公司的免责条款，将“患艾滋病或感染艾滋病期间”与战争、军事行动、暴乱、武装叛乱及核辐射并列的作为免责条件之一。
据《中国艾滋病防治联合评估报告》，截至2007年年底，我国现存艾滋病病毒感染者和病人约70万。
李伟认为，这些条款明显带有对艾滋病感染者和病人群体的歧视，感染艾滋病病毒与发生意外伤害之间毫无联系，他和目前约70万艾滋病病毒感染者应该与普通人一样享有正常的理赔待遇。
2008年5月，李伟委托云南上义律师事务所将该保险公司告上法庭，要求该公司删除其带有歧视性的保险条款，并公开向他道歉和给予一定的赔偿。
2008年8月28日，昆明市五华区法院不公开审理了关于艾滋病病毒感染者诉保险公司一案。
五华区法院经二审合议后将此案件提交给该法院的审判委员会，法院以此案系重大、疑难案件为由，至今悬而未决。
保险合同条款滞后
这么做的并不只中国平安保险公司一家。2008年，某媒体经调查后发现，24家保险公司的意外伤害险，均将患艾滋病和感染艾滋病病毒者列入免责条款（即不予理赔）。
“任何人都有可能受到意外伤害，这与是否感染艾滋病无关。”亚太艾滋病服务机构委员会的夏东华说，戴托普曾针对500名大学生和500名社区群众做了一份问卷调查，80％的被调查人认为该条款具有很强的歧视性，并且支持李伟通过法律手段维护自己的权益，“这无需专业知识，仅凭常识就可以做出判断。”
代理此案的云南上义律师事务所律师汤荣说，根据《传染病防治法》的规定，艾滋病属乙类传染病，但意外伤害险条款中，并没有单列出比艾滋病传染性更强的任何一种甲类传染病，因此该条款涉嫌构成歧视。
云南上义律师事务所律师周大勇表示，在庭审时，中国平安保险公司提出，艾滋病目前无法治愈，也无法计算风险，而且保险合同已经中国保监会备案，不同意删除此项条款。
《保险法》规定，关系社会公众利益的保险险种、依法实行强制保险的险种和新开发的人寿保险险种等的保险条款和保险费率，应当报保监会审批。而其他保险险种的保险条款和保险费率，应当报保监会备案。
“中国平安保险公司所说的备案是在1997年。”汤荣说，随着《传染病防治法》、《艾滋病防治条例》的先后施行，这一免责条款是“违反现行法律规定的”。
就在李伟提起诉讼后的1个月，2008年6月，李伟将其经历给保监会写了一封公开信。两个月后，2008年8月15日，中国保险监督管理委员会办公厅给李伟的代理人寄来一份《告知书》，称：“你们反映的保险合同中存在歧视艾滋病感染者和病人条款的信件已收到，我会非常重视此事，将认真研究相关问题，进一步加强保险产品监管。”
然而，时至今日，保监会并没有进一步的答复。
《艾滋病防治条例》的尴尬
“目前，社会上对艾滋病的认识还停留在伦理层面，大致就是两种态度，一是同情，二是歧视。”一位长期为艾滋病病人和感染者提供法律服务的律师认为，很少会有人意识到艾滋病病人和感染者同样享有公民权利和公平地位。
“歧视是目前艾滋病防治工作中最大的障碍。”亚太艾滋病服务机构委员会的夏东华说，“歧视不仅体现在人们的观念、态度和行为上，还体现在保险等政策条款中。”而这已经阻碍了为感染者提供及时的预防、治疗和关怀服务，还损害了他们的合法权益。
《艾滋病防治条例》是我国第一部关于艾滋病的专门立法，其中第3条规定，“任何单位和个人不得歧视艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属。艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属享有的婚姻、就业、就医、入学等合法权益受法律保护。”
然而，长期致力于为艾滋病病人和感染者提供法律帮助的律师汤荣认为，《艾滋病防治条例》的规定过于笼统，缺乏可操作性，“没有对‘歧视’的概念进行明确界定，更没有对歧视行为的法律责任和救济途径加以明确。”而且，多部法律与《艾滋病防治条例》存在冲突，在立法领域的歧视仍然普遍存在。作为一部行政法规，如果和其他法律相违背，应该以效力更高的法律为准。
“现阶段，艾滋病防治工作还是偏重于技术层面，还是在管理不同人群。”中国社会科学院研究员邱仁宗表示，这是片面的做法，我国的艾滋病防治工作应该在战略上有所调整，着眼于倡导反对歧视艾滋病病人和感染者。
北京益仁平中心主任陆军认为，“在保护当事人个人隐私的前提下”，应当鼓励艾滋病病人和病毒感染者采取法律途径维护自身合法权益，以促进艾滋病反歧视法律的完善。
HIV insurance companies were "discrimination"
AIDS anti-discrimination laws need to improve
Intern reporter Li傅倩
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Zhongqing online - China Youth Daily, 2009-07-01 [Print] [Close]
Recently, the Yunnan Daytop Drug Dependence Treatment and Rehabilitation Center and the Asia-Pacific Commission on AIDS service organizations, the "anti-discrimination law seminars AIDS", the number of experts and scholars on HIV and AIDS patients to protect the legitimate rights and interests to explore issues .
The first case of HIV-infected persons case against insurance companies
2008 Spring Festival is approaching, when the South snow, Li Wei, HIV-infected persons (a pseudonym) to the Chinese insurance company Ping An to buy a Accident Insurance. After, he found that the purchase of an exemption clause in insurance contracts written, "because one of the following situations, resulting in the death of the insured person, disability or medical expenses, and payment of the insurance company, ... ... the insured person suffering from AIDS (AIDS ) or infected with HIV (HIV positive) during the period. "
Exemption clause in the insurance company will be "suffering from AIDS or infected with HIV during the" war, military action, riots, armed rebellion and nuclear radiation along one of the conditions for an exemption.
According to "China's AIDS prevention and control joint assessment report", as at the end of 2007, China's existing HIV-infected persons and about 700,000 patients.
Li Wei believes that these provisions clearly on the AIDS-infected people and patients groups, discrimination, and the occurrence of HIV infection there is no contact between the accidental injury, he is now about 700,000 HIV-infected persons should be normal and ordinary people are entitled to the treatment claims.
May 2008, Li Wei-yi commissioned law firm in Yunnan on the insurance company to court to require the company to remove its discriminatory provisions of the insurance, and publicly apologize to him and to give a certain degree of compensation.
August 28, 2008, Kunming五华区Court is not a public hearing on the HIV case against the insurance company.
Collegiate五华区after the court of second instance by the case submitted to the Judicial Committee of the Court, the Court in this case the Department of a major, difficult cases on the grounds, so far unresolved.
Lagged terms of the contract insurance
To do so is not only a Chinese insurance company Ping An. 2008, a media, after investigation, 24 insurance companies, accidental injury insurance, will be suffering from AIDS and HIV infection were included in an exemption clause (that is not compensable).
"Any person who may be subject to accidental injury, which has nothing to do with whether or not infected with HIV." Asia-Pacific AIDS service organizations in the summer of the Tung Wah Group of the Committee said that Daytop had 500 against 500 college students and community people to do a survey, 80% surveyed believe that the terms are highly discriminatory, and Li Wei, through legal means to support and safeguard their own interests, "This is no professional knowledge, common sense alone can decide."
Acting on the case of Yunnan汤荣justice law firm that, according to "the Communicable Disease Prevention Act" provisions, AIDS is a Category B infectious diseases, but in terms of risk of accidental injuries, there is no single list more infectious than AIDS any of the Group of infectious diseases, so the provision in connection constitute discrimination.
Yunnan on周大勇justice law firm said that in the trial, the insurance company Ping An of China suggested that AIDS can not be cured, it can not calculate the risk, and insurance contracts has been the record of China Insurance Regulatory Commission, did not agree to delete this provision.
"Insurance Law" stipulates that the relationship between the interests of the public insurance coverage, the implementation of compulsory insurance in accordance with the law of insurance and new types of development such as life insurance insurance terms and premium rates should be reported to the China Insurance Regulatory Commission for approval. Insurance and other insurance clause in the insurance policy and premium rates, the record should be reported to the China Insurance Regulatory Commission.
"China's Ping An insurance company said the record was in 1997."汤荣said that with the "Communicable Disease Prevention Act", "AIDS prevention and control regulations," the sequence of the purposes of this exemption clause is "contrary to the provisions of existing laws" .
Li Wei, brought in after a month, in June 2008, Li Wei, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission of their experiences to write an open letter. Two months later, August 15, 2008, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission Office of the agents sent to Li Wei, a "this book", saying: "You reflected in the existence of discrimination in insurance contracts AIDS and patients Terms of the letter has been received, I will attach great importance to this matter will seriously study the issues related to further strengthen the supervision of insurance products. "
However, to date, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and no further response.
"AIDS prevention and control regulations," the embarrassment of
"At present, awareness of AIDS remains an ethical level, is generally two approaches, one of sympathy, and the other is discrimination." A long-term for AIDS-infected patients and the provision of legal services lawyers believe that it was rarely aware of AIDS patients and infected persons enjoy the same status of civil rights and fair.
"Discrimination against AIDS is the biggest obstacle." Asia-Pacific AIDS service organizations in the summer of the Tung Wah Group of the Committee said, "Discrimination is reflected not only in people's perceptions, attitudes and behavior, also reflected in terms of insurance policies." And this has been impeded the provision of a timely manner for the infection prevention, treatment and care services, but also undermine their legitimate rights and interests.
"AIDS prevention and control regulations" is China's first specialized Council on AIDS, of which Article 3 provides that "No unit or individual may discriminate against HIV-infected persons, AIDS patients and their families. HIV-infected persons, AIDS patients and their families enjoyed by marriage, employment, medical care, school and other legitimate rights and interests protected by law. "
However, the long-term commitment to HIV-infected patients and to provide legal counsel to help汤荣that "AIDS prevention and control regulations," the provisions are too general, lack of interoperability, "did not 'discrimination' to clearly define the concept, but not acts of discrimination and the legal responsibility to be a clear way to relief. "Moreover, many laws and" AIDS prevention and control regulations, "the existence of conflict, in the field of legislation is still widespread discrimination. As a administrative rules and regulations, and other laws, if inconsistent, should be based on the effectiveness of the law, whichever is higher.
"At this stage, AIDS is still focused on the technical level, or in the management of different groups of people." QIU Ren-zong, said a researcher at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which is one-sided approach, China's AIDS prevention and control strategies should be adjusted, focused on advocacy against discrimination of AIDS patients and infected persons.
Beijing Ping益仁director of the Center for the Army that "the parties in the protection of personal privacy under the premise of" should be encouraged to AIDS patients and HIV-infected persons to take legal means to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests in order to promote the improvement of AIDS anti-discrimination laws.
