2篇《自然》透视艾滋疫苗的“危机”与“转机”

【字体：大中小】　　www.ebiotrade.com　　时间：2009年8月6日17:31　　　　来源：生物通
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摘要： 生物通报道，自从被世界公认最有希望获得成功的艾滋病疫苗试验宣布失败以来，艾滋病疫苗成功之日似乎变得遥遥无期，诺贝尔医学奖得主、世界著名艾滋病研究专家大卫·巴尔迪摩教授发表演说，声称基于艾滋病病毒复杂的变异性，人类在25 年内不可能找到艾滋病疫苗，“并且很有可能永远也找不到这种疫苗。”

生物通报道，自从被世界公认最有希望获得成功的艾滋病疫苗试验宣布失败以来，艾滋病疫苗成功之日似乎变得遥遥无期，诺贝尔医学奖得主、世界著名艾滋病研究专家大卫·巴尔迪摩教授发表演说，声称基于艾滋病病毒复杂的变异性，人类在25 年内不可能找到艾滋病疫苗，“并且很有可能永远也找不到这种疫苗。”

危机

连HIV领域领军人物都对艾滋病疫苗没有信心，这消息的确让人沮丧。大卫·巴尔迪摩的观点依据是：艾滋病病毒具有复杂的变异性。近期一篇发表在Nature Medicine上的研究性文章又再次的印证了这一点。

法国鲁昂大学的病毒学家发现一种艾滋病病毒的新变种，这一新的发现可能为艾滋病疫苗的设计带来更多的困难。

人类艾滋病病原为Ⅰ型HIV病毒，通常分为M、N和O三个亚型，鲁昂大学病毒学家在一名喀麦隆裔病人（女性）身上发现一种新的Ⅰ型HIV病毒亚型，它不同与上述的3种亚型病毒。

研究人员对该病毒进行基因组分析，发现这个病毒是个全新的亚型，目前被命名为P亚型。研究人员表示，P型病毒可能起源于SIV（HIV的前体病毒，自然宿主为猩猩），但究竟何时形成暂时不能界定。研究人员担心不久的将来可能出现新亚型艾滋病传播的可能。

转机

美国科学家在近期的《Nature》封面上发表了HIV病毒基因组研究的最新进展，这一消息也许给艾滋病疫苗设计带来曙光，人们从这些基因组结构信息中可以更进一步了解HIV病毒的内部信息。

和流感、丙型肝炎以及小儿麻痹症病毒一样，HIV病毒是通过RNA而非DNA来传递遗传信息的。隐藏在DNA里的遗传信息以一种相对简单的方式编码，而RNA中的遗传基因的编码则要复杂得多。而且RNA折叠的方式和结构也非常复杂，这之前给科学家们全面解读HIV的遗传信息带来了很大的阻碍。

这支来自美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的研究团队称，他们打算利用这些已被解码的遗传信息来对该病毒做细微的改变。

微生物及免疫学教授罗恩·史万斯多姆称：“我们可以通过引起基因突变的方式来干扰HIV病毒，如果它不能正常增殖，我们则可以发现是那些因素可以造成该病毒的基因突变。”

他还说道：“我们已经开始着手研究HIV病毒的基因到底耍了什么花招让它逃过了人类寄主的识别系统。”

我们希望，大卫·巴尔迪摩教授不要一语成谶。古语云，有心栽花花不开，无心插柳柳成荫，也许某个天才的科学家会在下一次实验中成功制成艾滋病疫苗。

（生物通小茜）

Two "natural" perspective of HIV vaccine "crisis" and "turning point"
www.ebiotrade.com Time: at 17:31 on August 6, 2009
Source: Biological Qualcomm

Abstract: Biological Qualcomm reported that since the world recognized the success of the most promising AIDS vaccine trial has been declared a failure, the date of successful AIDS vaccine seems to have become the foreseeable future, the Nobel Medicine Prize, the world's leading AIDS expert David Baldi Professor Moreton speech, claiming that the complexity of HIV based on the variability in the 25 years of human AIDS vaccine can not be found, "and most likely never find such a vaccine."

Biological Qualcomm reported that since the world recognized the success of the most promising AIDS vaccine trial has been declared a failure, the date of successful AIDS vaccine seems to have become the foreseeable future, the Nobel Medicine Prize winner, world-renowned AIDS expert Professor David Baltimore deliver a speech, claiming that the complexity of HIV based on the variability in the 25 years of human AIDS vaccine can not be found, "and most likely never find such a vaccine."

Crisis

Even the field of HIV AIDS leaders have no confidence in the vaccine, the news is indeed frustrating. David Baltimore is based on the point of view: the complexity of HIV variability. Recently an article published in Nature Medicine on a study of articles again illustrated this point.

France, Rouen University virologist discovered a new variant of HIV, the discovery of this new vaccine for AIDS may be more difficult to design.

Pathogenic for human AIDS virus, HIV type Ⅰ, usually divided into M, N and O in three subtypes, the University of Rouen, a virologist at the Cameroon-born patients (women) found a new virus subtype HIV type Ⅰ, It is different from the above-mentioned three kinds of subtypes of the virus.

The researchers carried out the virus genome analysis and found that this is a new virus subtype, has been named the P subtype. The researchers said that, P-type virus may begin in the SIV (HIV precursor virus, natural host for the gorillas), but when the time being it is impossible to define the formation. Researchers worry that the near future the emergence of new subtypes may be the possibility of the spread of AIDS.

Transfer

American scientists in the recent "Nature" on the cover of the HIV virus genome research the latest developments, the news may be to bring a ray of AIDS vaccine design, it is from these genomic structural information can be a better understanding of HIV virus inside information.

And influenza, hepatitis C and polio virus, like, HIV virus is RNA rather than DNA to transfer genetic information. Hidden in the DNA's genetic information in a relatively simple way of coding, and RNA encoding genes in the more complex. And RNA folding and structure of the way is also very complicated, to the scientists before the full interpretation of HIV genetic information is a big hindrance.

This from the United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Campus of the research team said that they intend to make use of these has been decoding the genetic information to make minor changes in the virus.

Professor of Microbiology and Immunology dome Ron Vance history: "We can be caused by gene mutation approaches to interfere with HIV virus, if it can not be normal proliferation, we can see that those factors can cause the gene mutations of the virus. "

He also said: "We have begun to examine the HIV virus genes play in the end what tricks it escaped recognition system of human hosts."

We hope that Professor David Baltimore will not be a prophecy. As the old saying goes, do not want to spend dwelling open, no interpolation Cheng Yin Liu, perhaps a genius scientists will be next made of the experimental AIDS vaccine successfully.

(Biological pass Xiaoqian)