看3000名官员的艾滋病答卷


看3000名官员的艾滋病答卷

 
 
 
 
 

看3000名官员的艾滋病答卷
http://www.51daifu.com日期:2009-08-31 09:37 来源:互联网   核心导读:这是一个覆盖了3000地方官员的调查,六成以上的官员不知道艾滋病疫苗尚未问世,三成官员赞成“将艾滋病毒感染者和患者与健康人群隔离”。一些腐败官员拥有多名情妇,专家看来,性伙伴越多意味着感染和传播艾滋病病毒的几率越高,存在着高危易感行为 。

  调查由艾滋病政策专家靳薇及其同事主导,今年10月份结束,调查的对象是15个省市的部分地厅级、县处级官员。

  在对艾滋病防治政策进行选择时,地方官员的内心彷徨更应引起重视。不久前,哈尔滨疾控中心公开组织性工作者开展艾滋病预防培训,就引起警方异议,一条重要理由是“不符合国情”(参见本报1184期《政府办“小姐培训班”引发争论》)。
 

 
  此次调查显示,在“您是否同意‘大力扫黄禁毒打非是防止艾滋病扩散的唯一途径’”这个问题上,竟有近一半人选择“同意”,另有5%选择了“不知道”。地方官员的答卷知晓率从去年9月到今年10月,身为中央党校教授的靳薇牵头组织了部分省市级党校的艾滋病防治政策培训和倡导活动。此项调查是活动内容之一,参与调查的共有河北、宁夏、山东青岛等省(区)市党校的3000多名学员,其中大多为地厅级和县处级官员。
 
  调查表明,尽管15省市地方官员文化程度都在大学以上,对艾滋病相关知识却不够了解。例如,知道艾滋病疫苗尚未问世的官员不足四成。在宁夏回族自治区委党校参加培训的200位官员中,这个比例更是只有约两成。
 
  “当时我感到非常惊讶,知晓率低到如此程度,确实不可思议,”在宁夏回族自治区党校主持调查的副教授杨立宾说,“那么多的领导干部对于艾滋病这个社会问题不去搜集基本信息,不去思考,又怎么去决策呢?”

  靳薇曾于2001年至2003年间,在中央党校接受培训的官员中做过类似调查。她说,与那次调查相比,官员对艾滋病某些知识的知晓率有所增加,比如更多的人知道艾滋病可以通过血液传染,“但官员对艾滋病的歧视和恐惧,并未随着对传播途径的知晓而大幅减少”。

  根据此次调查,近三成官员赞成“将艾滋病毒感染者和患者与健康人群隔离”。当下属感染艾滋病时,约五成官员选择“替下属保密,允许其继续工作”,其他官员选择“开除下属”、“公开其病情”、“不知道该怎么办”。但有近四分之一的受访官员认为艾滋病防治与其工作“无关系”,或者“不知道有无关系”。
 
  少数官员为易感人群

  15省市官员的个人性行为选择,也被纳入到此次匿名调查之中。调查报告称:“中国社会转型、体制转轨带来的社会文化多元化,也表现在官员的行为选择中。”
对于“为了预防艾滋病,您个人的行为作何种选择”的问题,选择“只与一位性伴侣交往”的近七成,选择“尽量避免婚外性行为”的约半数,选择“每次性行为都使用安全套”的三成多一点。这些官员中,男性占七成多。
 
  在党校接受艾滋病课程培训以后,官员们对待个人性行为的态度并没有太大变化。选择“每次性行为都使用安全套”的增加了约17%,但选择“只与一位性伴侣交往”和“尽量避免婚外性行为”的分别增长了约3%和4%。
 
  “在一部分领导干部中存在高危易感行为,这是一个公开的秘密”,某省党校一位不愿透露姓名的女教授说,“而我们的调查印证,领导干部中较多存在高危易感行为,并且对这类行为的危险性缺乏清醒认识。他们行为选择的示范作用对社会有较大影响。在这个意义上,领导干部也应该是重要的目标人群。
 
  据《成都商报》报道,四川省委党校(四川行政学院)在学员中开展艾滋病培训时,曾组织召开过一次“记者招待会”。
 
  现场一位“美国记者”的提问,让所有人吓了一大跳:“虽然贵市称目前没有发现艾滋病感染者,但社会上传言贵市市长已经感染上了艾滋病……” 
 


  不过这只是一次模拟,这个刁钻问题的提问者是某县的县委副书记,他扮演了一名“美国记者”。

  自2002年起即在四川省党校主持艾滋病政策培训的罗振宇教授说:“根据我们了解的情况,少数领导干部在生活上不检点,有嫖娼行为,而任何人发生不安全的性行为,都有可能感染艾滋病。”

  影响最有影响力的人

  “艾滋病防治工作是一个老大难 ,但‘老大’一出面就不难。在党校这个领导和‘老大’非常集中的地方开展艾滋病防治培训,对推进整个艾滋病防治工作的重要性不言而喻。”中国性病艾滋病防治协会副会长沈洁说。
 
  靳薇还有一个“野心”:在中央党校和各省市党校的支持下,靳薇将中央党校的艾滋病培训模式推广到了22所省市级党校。其中,有15所党校在培训前后分别进行了问卷调查,并对少数学员进行了面对面的访谈。
 
  同样是前述的官员,培训结束后回收的2500多份调查问卷表明,官员们的艾滋病知识和观念均有了明显变化。其中,知道目前仍没有艾滋病疫苗的比例增加了四成多;不同意“将艾滋病感染者和患者与健康人群隔离”、当下属感染时“替其保密,允许其继续工作”,以及认为艾滋病防治与自己工作“有关系”的比例均增加了一成以上。
据靳薇介绍,不少党校曾经担心艾滋病培训在官员中引起反感,但官员们的评价大多不错,有位甘肃学员就说,他一开始以为组织上关心“小我”的健康,后来才知道是关心“大我”的健康。
 
  在中央党校副校长李君如看来,党校开展艾滋病培训不仅是为了艾滋病防治,“我们在中央党校和省市党校开展艾滋病防治政策的倡导活动,目的在于让各级政府官员提高处理公共卫生危机和其它社会危机的能力,提高管理社会、建设和谐社会的能力。”

  让人觉得沉重的问题

  在河北省党校参加培训的学员中,既有一些高校的领导,也有一些县市或厅局的领导。有些高校领导表示以后要在年轻学生中进行培训,而县市或厅局领导却大多没有下文。
 

 

  类似情况在其它省市也普遍存在。靳薇说,政府官员艾滋病相关信息的知晓率提高了,当然值得高兴,但决策行为改变方面的成效仍然微乎其微,“这是让我觉得沉重的地方”。她认为,官员在决策时要考虑多种现实问题和利益关系,“这是他们内心彷徨的原因”。

  河北省党校王宇飞教授也分析说,许多省市在主要领导政绩考核内容中,并未列入公共卫生、环保等指标,考核体系也不够科学和完善,艾滋病问题成为一些领导干部工作的“盲点”也很自然。

  更有甚者,一些地区仍然将艾滋病疫情当作核心机密。一位党校教授说,她所在城市的很多官员都不知道本地已经出现艾滋病毒感染者和患者。而某省党校的一位教授去省卫生厅了解艾滋病具体疫情时,被告知此乃“核心机密”。
 
  “中央政府已经要求各级地方政府公开疫情,但一些地方政府出于社会安定和经济利益等方面的考虑,仍然在对公众隐瞒疫情。”靳薇说。
 
  某省党校一位教授还提到,有的领导对防治形势很清楚,也向有关部门申请到了深入开展工作的资金,但投资单位对资金却缺乏严格管理。靳薇并不奢望几个小时的报告和研讨就能让官员们的态度和行为发生彻底转变。但她补充说:“教育不是万能的,不教育是万万不能的。”
 

Look at the AIDS 3000 Officials respondents
http://www.51daifu.com Date :2009-08-31 09:37 Source: Internet Core REVIEW: This is a cover of the 3000 survey of local officials, Liu Cheng and above officials do not know an AIDS vaccine has not yet come out into the three official in favor of the "will of HIV-infected people and isolate patients and healthy people." Some corrupt officials have more than his mistress, expert opinion, the more sexual partners means that transmission of HIV infection and the higher the probability that there are susceptible to high-risk behavior.

Survey was conducted by AIDS policy expert Jin Wei and his colleagues, led by the end of October this year, the survey targeted 15 provinces and municipalities in part, department-level, county level officials.

AIDS policy in the selection, local officials should pay attention to inner indecision. Not long ago, Harbin CDC public organizations to carry out AIDS prevention training for sex workers, it caused the police objections, one important reason is "not in conformity with national conditions" (see the 1184 paper, "government-run" Miss Training Class "sparked controversy") .
 

 
The survey shows that in the "Do you agree that 'strongly anti-vice anti-drug fight is not something that the only way to prevent the spread of AIDS,'" this issue, nearly half chose actually "consent", while 5% chose "do not know." Local officials of the respondents awareness rate in September from last year in October, as the Central Party School professor Jin Wei led the organization of some provincial and municipal party school AIDS policy training and advocacy activities. The survey is one of the activities involved in the investigation a total of Hebei, Ningxia, Shandong, Qingdao, and other provinces (autonomous regions) Municipal Party more than 3,000 students, mostly for the prefectural and county level officials.
 
Survey shows that, despite the 15 provincial and local officials at the university level of education were more than right and not enough understanding of AIDS-related knowledge. For example, know that an AIDS vaccine has not yet come into official less than four. In the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Party Committee to participate in training of 200 officials, this ratio is only about 2 into.
 
"I was very surprised, awareness low to such an extent, indeed incredible," party school in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over the investigation, associate professor Yang Libin said, "so many of the leading cadres for the social problem of AIDS, do not collect basic information, do not think , but also how to get a decision? "

Jin Wei in 2001 to 2003, trained at the Central Party School officials conducted a similar survey. She said that in comparison with that investigation, officials of some knowledge of awareness of AIDS has increased, such that more people know that AIDS can be transmitted through blood, "but officials of discrimination and fear of AIDS has not been with the right transmission of knowledge we have substantially reduced. "

According to the survey, Jin Sancheng officials in favor of "HIV-infected people and isolate patients and healthy people." When the subordinate infected with HIV, about five to opt into a "subordinate for confidentiality, allowing it to continue to work," other officials select "dismiss subordinates," "to disclose their condition," "do not know how to do." However, officials believe that nearly a quarter of respondents with AIDS prevention and control work, "no relationship", or "do not know whether the relationship."
 
A small number of officials for the susceptible population

15 provincial and municipal officials, the personal sexual choice, has also been incorporated into the anonymous surveys. Survey report: "China's social transformation, institutional transition, the social and cultural diversity, but also in official acts of choices."
For "In order to prevent AIDS, your personal acts of the choice" question, select "only with a sexual partner engagement" nearly Qi Cheng, select the "try to avoid extramarital sex," about half, select "Every time sex are using condoms, "the three into a little more. These officials, men accounted for more than Qi Cheng.
 
Training in the school after receiving HIV, officials attitudes towards individual's sexual conduct, and not change much. Select "Every time sex are using condoms," has increased about 17%, but choose "only contact with a sexual partner" and "try to avoid extramarital sex," respectively increased by about 3% and 4%.
 
"In the presence of leading cadres in susceptible high-risk behavior, which is an open secret," a provincial party school a woman professor of anonymity, said, "and our survey confirmed, leading cadres are more susceptible to high-risk behavior and the behavior of such a lack of a clear understanding of the dangers. they are a model of choice behavior have a greater impact on society. In this sense, the leading cadres should also be an important target population.
 
According to "Chengdu Business Daily" report, the Sichuan Provincial Party School (Sichuan Administration College) in the training of students to carry out AIDS, had been organized and held a "press conference."
 
Field 1 "American journalists" question, so everyone was shocked: "Although your city that has not discovered any HIV-infected persons, but the rumors of your society, the mayor has been infected with AIDS ... ..."
 


But this is only a simulation, the tricky questions in a county who is the deputy secretary of the county, he played an "American journalist."

Since 2002 that the party school in Sichuan Province, presided over AIDS policy training for Professor Luo Zhenyu, said: "According to our understanding of the situation, a few leading cadres in life is not indecent, there are acts of prostitution, and any person unsafe sex, are There may be infected with HIV. "

The impact of the most influential people

"AIDS is a chronic, but the 'boss' one is not hard to come forward. In the school that leadership and the 'boss' very focused place to carry out AIDS prevention training, to promote the importance of the work of the entire AIDS prevention and control is self-evident. "China Association of STD & AIDS Prevention, said Shen Jie, vice president.
 
Jinwei there is an "ambition": In the Central Party School and the support of provincial and municipal party schools, Jin Wei of the Central Party School of the AIDS training model to the 22 provincial and municipal Party. Among them, there are 15 party schools in the training conducted a questionnaire survey before and after, and a small number of participants face to face interviews.
 
Is also the aforementioned officials, training, recovery after the end of more than 2,500 copies of the questionnaire showed that officials of the AIDS knowledge and attitudes have a marked change. Among them, still do not know the proportion of AIDS vaccine increased by four more; do not agree "to HIV-infected people and isolate patients and healthy people", when the subordinate infection "for their secrecy, allowing it to continue its work", and that AIDS prevention and control with his work "a relationship" had increased the proportion of more than one into.
According to Jin Wei introduced, many Party officials have been worried about AIDS, training in the objectionable, but most of good evaluation of officials, there was a student in Gansu, says that he had initially thought that the organization concerned with the "smaller" health, and then I is concerned about the "Big I" health.
 
Li Jun, vice president at the Central Party School, such as view, the party school to carry out AIDS training not only for AIDS prevention, "we at the Central Party School, provincial and municipal Party to carry out AIDS prevention and control policy advocacy activities aimed at government officials at all levels to enhance the public health crisis, and other social crisis of the ability to enhance the management of society and building a harmonious society. "

Impression that a heavy issue

Party School in Hebei Province to participate in training students in both the leadership of a number of colleges and universities, there are some cities and counties or office leadership. Some college leaders said they wanted to in the training of young students, while the counties and cities or office without the leadership but most of them below.
 

 

A similar situation is also prevalent in other provinces and cities. Jin Wei said that the government officials, AIDS-related information of awareness raising, and of course good news, but the effectiveness of decision-making behavior change is still minimal, "this way, I feel a heavy place." She believes that officials in decision-making to consider a variety of practical issues and interests, "This is the reason they are anxious hearts."

Party School in Hebei Province, said Professor Wang Yufei also analyzed, and many provinces and cities in the main content of the leadership of performance evaluation, not included in the public health, environmental protection, indicators, evaluation system is not enough scientific and perfect, AIDS issue has become the work of some leading cadres of the "blind spots" is also very natural.

Worse still, some areas will still be the core of the AIDS epidemic as a secret. 1 Party School, said her city, many officials do not know the local people living with HIV has emerged and patients. Party School, a professor at the province to the provincial health department to understand the specific epidemic of AIDS when he was told this as a "core secrets."
 
"The central government has asked local governments at all levels, open the epidemic, but some local governments for social stability and economic interests considerations, is still concealed from the public in the outbreak." Jin Wei said.
 
Also mentioned that a professor at a provincial party school, some leading the fight against the situation is very clear, but also apply to the relevant departments to work in-depth financial, investment fund units is the lack of strict management. Jin Wei did not expect several hours of reports and seminars will enable officials of the complete change in attitudes and behavior. But she added: "Education is not a panacea, and not education is totally unacceptable."
 
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2009-9-1    文章录入:nnb ]

 

艾滋病或不再是绝症

价值中国网网友关注“发明艾滋病新药免费救治征集媒体见证人”

艾滋病早期治疗是康复与延长30~60年生命的保障

鸡尾酒疗法并非万能,抗药性与毒副作用导致联合疗法与中药疗法应用的迫切性

呼吁救治艾滋,关注化学新药

康生丹配合西药治疗AIDS总结

艾滋病“感染”、“免疫”与“营养”三关各期施治研究

康生丹四代新药,化学名—三合皂甙分类引述
 

艾滋病免疫重建的重要意义是挽救生命的根本 

从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药三合皂甙〔康生丹四代〕介绍  

从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药三合皂甙  

从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药介绍  

艾滋病的中药  

论HIV不是AIDS的病因机制 

康生丹颗粒简介 

美国营养学家推崇“抗炎饮食”同于中医之食疗 

康生丹颗粒基础研究 

艾滋病预防及国外食疗研究 

艾滋病感染者能活多久 

专家:艾滋病早治疗能多活30年以上“隐形”感染者进入晚期才被确诊 

T细胞、T细胞亚群、 调节性(或抑制性)T细胞在艾滋病康复中的研究 

你知道为什么害怕“艾滋病”这三个字么?艾滋病不同感染期症状 

康生丹颗粒〈ksd〉对免疫抑制模型小鼠免疫功能影响实验研究-公布 

食疗与艾滋病研究-康生丹颗粒〈一〉 

艾滋病未来康复的动向分析 

艾滋病人的药膳 

首次公布康生丹提高艾滋病患者CD4的图片