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青岛艾滋感染者增加1倍 男男性行为感染占多半
2010年11月28日06:49青岛新闻网
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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新闻核心
“岛城已经有3例艾滋病患者生下健康宝宝的例子，通过母婴阻断和剖腹产孩子没感染艾滋病毒。”每年12月1日是世界艾滋病日，今年的主题是“遏制艾滋、履行承诺”，昨天上午，市疾控中心、市北区疾控中心在台东步行街组织艾滋病防控宣传活动，为千余名市民送去健康知识和数千只安全套。据了解，我市今年的艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者数量比去年增长了94.2%，其中确诊的最小感染者年龄仅有1岁9个
月，也是历年来岛城最小的艾滋病毒携带者。
艾滋病检测分为多步
市北区疾控中心主任梁锡宗介绍，艾滋病检测分为多个步骤，区级疾控中心只是初筛，如果检测显阳性，应检者的血样会被送到市疾控中心复检，如果仍为阳性，还需要做更详细的检测，以确保检测结果准确，因为患有某些免疫性疾病的人做艾滋病检测有可能显阳性。“除了结果准确，整个过程都处在严格保密的状态下，应检者的个人信息不会有任何泄露，来做检查的人甚至可以不用提供真实姓名。”
普通接触不传染艾滋
市南区疾控中心有关负责人介绍，艾滋病病毒主要存在于感染者的血液、精液、阴道分泌物、乳汁等体液中，所以通过性接触、血液和母婴三种途径传播。绝大多数感染者要经过五到十年时间才发展成病人，一般在发病后的2-3年内死亡。与艾滋病人及艾滋病病毒感染者的日常生活和工作接触（如握手、拥抱、共同进餐、共用工具、办公用具等）不会感染艾滋病，艾滋病不会经马桶圈、电话机、餐饮、卧具、游泳池或公共浴室等公共设施传播，也不会经咳嗽、打喷嚏、蚊虫叮咬等途径传播。
男男性行为感染占多半
据了解，艾滋病毒的传播途径主要有三个：性接触传播、注射吸毒传播、母婴传播。记者从市卫生局了解到，与去年同期相比，今年艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者数量增加了94.2%，从感染途径上来看，通过性传播途径感染艾滋病毒的占到了92%，在总感染者中，通过男男性行为染病的占到了54%，超过了半数，通过异性性行为感染的则占到了38%，其他感染者则通过吸毒血液传播、母婴传播这两种途径。今年确诊的感染者中，年龄最小的仅有1岁9个月大，也是近年来我市发现的年龄最小的艾滋病毒感染者。
据了解，性传播和吸毒是新发艾滋病毒感染的主要途径。近几年，我市既往感染病毒人群开始进入发病期，连续有发病和死亡病例出现。“艾滋病正在由高危人群向一般人群扩散，在孕产妇、新生儿和医院就医者中均有病例发现。”专家介绍，除了避免多性伴、注射吸毒，携带艾滋病毒的女性怀孕时，通过专业机构医生在孕期进行母婴阻断治疗，可生出健康的宝宝。
记者采访了解到，我市目前已经设置了13个点进行艾滋病毒的免费检测，怀疑自己感染艾滋病的人员可到市疾控中心和各区市疾控中心做免费检测，做检测时资料的存留要求并不严格，身份信息决不能泄露。
据统计，今年我市疾控部门已经接待了7400名主动检测艾滋病毒的市民，近年来每年的主动检测人数都在持续增高，这种主动检测的行为也为艾滋病传播途径的切断起到了重要作用。
“艾滋妈妈”生下健康娃
“因为现在还没有根治艾滋病的药物，艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者需要终生使用抗病毒药物，但很多年轻患者则不断被生孩子这件事情所困扰。”市疾控中心艾滋病防治科主任姜珍霞介绍，随着临床实践的不断进展，艾滋病患者生育健康宝宝的奢想已经成为现实，目前青岛已有3例感染艾滋病毒的年轻人在人为干预情况下，生下健康宝宝。
据了解，32岁的孙林（化名）数年前
感染了艾滋病毒，虽然一直用药病情没有恶化，可生孩子成了一件难题，“我们担心生下孩子也有艾滋病，可我们还是冒险做了。”不幸的是，孙林怀孕后由于没有采取适当的措施，生下的女儿也感染了艾滋病毒，并在2岁时病亡，一家人都受到严重的打击，双方老人更是伤心得几乎精神崩溃。为了生下健康孩子，夫妻两人找市疾控中心帮忙，制订了全套用药计划。根据这套方案，孙林从怀孕前就要坚持用药，一直到生产前还要适度调整剂量，目的就是将母体内的病毒压制住，再加上胎盘的保护作用以防病毒扩散到胎儿体内。生产时为了防产妇血液通过婴儿身上的伤口、口鼻眼睛而少量进入，专家建议她采用剖腹产，“最终检查结果出来时，孙林十分紧张，当我告诉她孩子很健康时，她抱着孩子大哭起来，她丈夫也激动得一句话也说不出。”姜珍霞说，青岛总共为3名艾滋病人实施母婴艾滋病毒阻断，都十分成功，当然这有个重要条件是提前发现夫妻双方得了艾滋病，如果等到快生孩子时才知道，就来不及了。
出了一次轨“恐艾”整两年
一名男子到市北疾控中心检测了十余次
“疾控中心每个月都能接待一批来做艾滋病毒检测的人，让人感觉奇怪的是，有一个出轨的男人却在两年来检测了十余次，总以为自己的艾滋病没查出来。”市北区疾控中心主任梁锡宗介绍，两年前，齐某到外地出差时有了一次出轨经历，后来就感觉身体不舒服，便怀疑染上了艾滋病。齐某回青岛后第7天就要求做艾滋病检测，医生建议他三个月后再做一次，可数次显阴性的检查结果并没让他放心，反而觉得检测不准确。两年以来，他一直和疾控中心保持联系，心理压力大时就要求做检测，看到了“显阴性”的未感染艾滋病毒结果后，才长舒一口气回家。据了解，到外地出差时，他也会到当地的艾滋病检测机构做检查，两年来他已经做了十余次。
市精神卫生中心心理专家王冠军分析认为，这名出轨男子的心理问题已经发展到了较严重的焦虑症地步，由于对自己的身体过分担心，从而始终无法摆脱出轨带来的心理负担。“检测结果没问题，可自己不相信。”专家建议他及早找心理医生咨询，寻找到焦虑的根源，通过心理辅导或药物治疗缓解焦虑症状。
嫖娼染艾滋 祸及妻和儿
专家称若怀孕之初查出异常尚有机会保护好胎儿
与孙林的经历相比，对自己感染艾滋病毒一无所知的农村妇女吴晶（化名）则十分不幸，去年年初，怀孕近10个月的她感觉腹痛到医院待产，产前体检发现她体内有艾滋病病毒，腹内胎儿很有可能也已经感染，可临时使用抗病毒药物已经来不及，只能通过剖腹产将男婴生下，希望孩子能够幸运逃过这一劫。
“新生儿的艾滋病毒检测，需要在18个月之后才能做，因为年幼时体内还残留着从母体内带来的抗体，很容易检查出假阳性结果。”姜珍霞主任告诉记者，从当地医院得知此事后，市疾控中心立即派人调查，这才发现吴晶的艾滋病毒来自于她的丈夫，起初丈夫还不承认，胡搅蛮缠地称妻子在外偷情感染了艾滋病毒。但经不住工作人员百般劝说和检查结果，吴晶丈夫最终坦白了自己在外打工时多次嫖娼的事实，由于多次未采取任何安全措施，他感染了艾滋病毒，回家后又传染给妻子，没想到最终让腹中的胎儿遭殃。今年夏天，当男婴长到1岁9个月时，吴晶带他到疾控部门检测，最终确诊孩子感染了艾滋病毒，以后需要长期用药来对抗病毒。
市北区疾控中心主任梁锡宗介绍，所有临床手术前，都要做艾滋病毒检测这一项检查，如果检测出来的话，手术方案会做出相应的调整，这名农村妇女直到产前检查才得知感染了艾滋病毒，说明她此前没有做过正规的孕检，如果能在怀孕之初查出来，就有机会通过母婴阻断来保护好胎儿，避免这名男孩感染艾滋病这一悲剧。 (青岛早报)HIV-1 infection in Qingdao fold increase in infection accounted for most of MSM
At 06:49 on November 28, 2010 Korea Times
Core News
"Castle has been 3 cases of AIDS were examples of a healthy baby born by caesarean section PMTCT and HIV-infected children did not." Annually on December 1 is World AIDS Day, this year's theme is "Stop AIDS, Keep the commitment ", yesterday morning, the city of CDC, CDC in Taitung City North Walking Street Organization AIDS prevention and control campaigns, more than a thousand members of the public health knowledge and sent thousands of condoms. It is understood that the city this year, people living with HIV and AIDS than the number of patients increased by 94.2% last year, which confirmed the minimum age of infection is only 1 year 9 months
Month, is the smallest island city over the years living with HIV.
HIV testing is divided into multi-step
City North CDC director Liang Xizong introduced HIV testing is divided into a number of steps, the district-level CDC screening only if the test was positive, the blood samples were to be seized will be sent to the City CDC recheck, if still positive, need to do more detailed testing to ensure accurate test results, because people with certain autoimmune diseases may make HIV testing was positive. "In addition to accurate, the whole process in a state of strict confidentiality, shall submit the personal information will not have any leaks, even those who do not check your real name."
Exposure to HIV infection is not common
Nam person in charge of the CDC, the AIDS virus is mainly found in infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk and other body fluids, so through sexual contact, blood and mother to child transmission in three ways. Most infected people to go through five to ten years to develop into a patient, usually 2-3 years after the onset of death. HIV and AIDS infected people and the daily life and work of contact (such as shaking hands, hugging, sharing a meal, sharing tools, office equipment, etc.) are not infected with HIV, AIDS is not by toilet seats, telephones, food, bedding, swimming pools bathrooms and other public facilities or public communication, not by coughing, sneezing, mosquito bites and other means of communication.
MSM account for most infections
It is understood that the spread of HIV there are three main ways: sexual contact, injecting drug use transmission, mother to child transmission. Reporter learned from the Municipal Health Bureau, compared to last year, this year's HIV and AIDS 94.2% increase in the number of patients, from the route of transmission point of view, through the sexual transmission of HIV accounted for 92% of the total infection who, through infected MSM accounted for 54%, more than half were infected through heterosexual sex accounted for 38%, and other infections spread through the blood drug use, mother to child transmission both ways. Infection diagnosed this year, the youngest only 1 years and 9 months old, is also found in the city in recent years, the youngest living with HIV.
It is understood that sexual transmission and drug use is emerging the main way of HIV infection. In recent years, the city began to enter the past incidence of infection of people, continuous morbidity and deaths have occurred. "AIDS is the high risk groups to general population, in the maternal, newborn and hospitals were found in both cases." Experts, in addition to avoiding multiple sex partners, injection drug use, HIV-positive pregnant women, through professional medical institutions for PMTCT treatment during pregnancy may give birth to healthy babies.
Reporters learned that the city has already set up 13 points, free HIV testing of persons suspected to be infected with HIV themselves to the city and district City CDC CDC to do free testing, so test data retention requirements when is not strictly identifiable information must not leak.
According to statistics, this year the city disease control departments have received HIV testing 7,400 active members of the public in recent years, the number of people each year take the initiative continues to increase detection, the behavior of this active detection channels for the spread of AIDS has played an important role in cutting off .
"HIV mother" gave birth to healthy baby
"Because there is no cure for AIDS, HIV and AIDS patients require lifelong use of antiviral drugs, but many young patients are children continue to be troubled by this matter." City CDC AIDS Xia Zhen Jiang, director of Introduction With the continuous progress of clinical practice, AIDS baby Shexiang reproductive health has become a reality, the present 3 cases of Qingdao have been HIV-infected human intervention in the case of young men, gave birth to healthy babies.
It is understood that 32-year-old Sun Lin (a pseudonym) a few years ago
Infected with the HIV virus, although the drug has not deteriorated condition, a child can become a problem, "We worry about having children also have AIDS, can we venture to do." Unfortunately, the Sun Linhuai the absence of appropriate post-pregnancy measures, gave birth to daughter also infected with HIV, and patients died within 2 years of age, a serious blow to people, both for the elderly is almost sad mental breakdown. In order to give birth to healthy children, the couple went looking for help City CDC to develop a complete set of drug plans. According to this program, Sun Lin is necessary to adhere to medication from pre-pregnancy until the appropriate dose adjustments before production but also the purpose is to neutralize the virus in the mother, together with the protective effect of the placenta into the fetus to prevent the spread of the virus. In order to prevent maternal blood production babies wound through the nose and mouth into the eyes and a small amount, experts suggested that she use a caesarean section, "the final test results came out, Sun Lin is very nervous, when I told her that children are healthy, she was holding children burst into tears, and her husband moved to say a word. "Xia Zhen Jiang said, Qingdao total figure rises to two patients for 3 blocked the implementation of mother to child HIV, are very successful, of course, there is an important condition is that the couple in advance The two sides had AIDS, only if you wait until a child know that soon, too late.
Out of the first track "fear of AIDS" two full years
A man to the city a dozen North CDC testing
"CDC can be received each month to do HIV testing a group of people who feel strange that men who have a derailment to test a dozen in two years, always thought I did not check out the AIDS . "CDC director Liang Xizong City North introduced two years ago, when a business trip Qimou have experienced a derailment, and later to feel uncomfortable, they suspected of having contracted the AIDS virus. Qimou back to Qingdao after 7 days required to do HIV testing, three months after doctors advised him to do time, inspections can be several times the results were negative did not let him be assured, but that test is not accurate. Two years, he has been, and keep in touch with the CDC, psychological stress test when asked to do, see the "significant negative" results are not infected with HIV only after the sigh home. It is understood that a business trip, he would go to the local HIV testing organization to do inspection, the past two years he has done a dozen.
City Mental Health Center psychologist Wang Guanjun analysts believe that this man's psychological problems were derailed has developed to the point of more serious anxiety disorder, due to worry too much about their bodies, which still can not get rid of derailment of the psychological burden. "No problem test results may be they do not believe it." Expert suggested that he consult a psychiatrist as soon as possible to find, to find the source of anxiety, psychological counseling or drug treatment through the relief of anxiety symptoms.
HIV-infected prostitutes to hurt his wife and children
If detected early pregnancy, experts say there are still opportunities to protect fetal abnormalities
Sun Lin, compared with the experience, know nothing about their HIV-infected rural women Wu Jing (a pseudonym) is very unfortunate, early last year, nearly 10 months of pregnancy, she felt the pain to the hospital for the labor, prenatal medical examination found Her body has the AIDS virus, the fetus is likely to also have intra-abdominal infection, temporary use of antiviral drugs may be too late, can only give birth to baby boy by Caesarean section will be, hope the children lucky enough to escape the sinking.
"HIV testing of newborns need to be done 18 months later, because the body of a young age still remained to bring the antibodies from the mother, it is easy to check out false positive results." Director Xia Zhen Jiang told reporters from the local hospital about the incident, immediately sent City CDC survey discovered that Wu Jing HIV from her husband, the husband is not recognized at first, importune to call his wife having an affair outside infected with the HIV virus. However, the staff could not stand all sorts of persuasion and test results, Wu Jing husband finally confessed to his prostitutes who work the fact that several times, as many did not take any security measures, he was infected with the HIV virus, go home and then transmitted to his wife did not expect the final to her baby suffer. This summer, when the boys grow up to 1 years and 9 months, Wu Jing took him to the disease control department, the final diagnosis of HIV infected children, the future need for long-term medication to fight the virus.
City North CDC director Liang Xizong introduced before the surgery all the clinical, HIV testing this have to do a check, if detected, then surgery program will be adjusted accordingly, this did rural women have prenatal care until known HIV infection, indicating that she had not done regular pregnancy test, if you can check out the beginning of pregnancy, have the opportunity through the PMTCT to protect the fetus, to avoid that the boy infected with the AIDS tragedy. (Qingdao Morning Post)
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