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烟台医院年确诊4例艾滋携带者 一半来自"被检查"
2010-11-30 08:40:29 水母网
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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水母网11月30日讯（YMG记者 邹牧村）记者走访发现，目前烟台各大医院术前检查基本都有艾滋病毒（HIV）这项检测，然而这个“被检查”项目却让病人及家属感到困惑。实际上，记者从确诊的艾滋病病人
中发现，部分人不是自动检查发现，而恰恰是在临床上发现的，这项艾滋病检查并非没有必要。
医院年确诊4例艾滋携带者
两例来自“被检查”
在烟台山医院检验科，记者看到一些要做手术的病号正在排队做检查，在他们的检查项目中有一项正是艾滋病初步筛查。据了解，艾滋病检测主要是查血清，大夫抽取化验者2ml-3ml的血量然后送往医院HIV检测室，如果发现可疑阳性后，医院会将血样立即送往省级或者市级疾控中心确诊。
据了解，该院每个月有近2000个患者要进行HIV初筛，今年截至目前，经疾控部门最后确诊共发现4例，1个疑似还在确诊中。“其中一名已经是艾滋病人，一个是HIV感染者，都是在手术前检查发现的。”该院门诊部预防保健科张国艳大夫告诉记者。另外两名则是在医院门诊主动要求检查的。4名病人，最小的28岁，最大的约60岁。
其他医院的情况也很类似，医院临床成为发现艾滋病的一个主要途径。
HIV检查保护医患双方
市民呼吁免费检测
采访时，烟台山医院表示，如果艾滋病人在医院做手术，医院使用的医疗器械，都要经过特殊的消毒处理，并进行相关指标的检验等等复杂程序。很多医生也表示，手术前HIV检查不仅对住院病人，而且对于医护人员的职业防护都有必要。毕竟血液传播是感染HIV最直接的途径，而医务人员每天都有可能接触到各种病人的血液。
采访时，一些患者也告诉记者，考虑到艾滋病毒的可怕，做HIV检查确实有必要，但是检查费却不是人人愿意负担的。据了解，目前国家有专项资金保证疾控部门可以提供免费HIV检查，但是在医院检查，按照省制定的标准，收取60元检测费。所以不少人呼吁：希望国家能把这项免费检测扩及到医院，没有检查费的“后顾之忧”，相信大部分病人会自愿、自动来做这项检查。
Yantai Hospital confirmed four cases of HIV carriers in half from the "checked"
2010-11-30 08:40:29 jellyfish nets
Jellyfish Online November 30 News (YMG press Zou, animal husbandry and village) reporter visited found that the current Yantai major hospitals have preoperative basic HIV (HIV) this test, but this "checked" project allows the patients and their families feel confused. In fact, the reporter from the AIDS patients diagnosed
Found that some people are not automatically check that, but rather is found in clinical practice, this is not no need for AIDS testing.
Hospital, 4 cases of confirmed HIV carriers
Two cases from the "checked"
Hill hospital laboratory in Yantai, the reporter saw some of the patient to surgery is to queue up for check items in their check is AIDS in a preliminary screening. It is understood that HIV testing is to identify the main serum test the doctor who extracted the blood 2ml-3ml HIV testing room and then taken to hospital, if found suspicious positive, the hospital blood samples will be sent immediately to the CDC confirmed the provincial or municipal .
It is understood that there are nearly 2,000 hospital patients a month to conduct HIV screening, so far this year, the disease control department of the final diagnosis were found in 4 cases, a diagnosis of suspected also. "One who has is AIDS, one is HIV infected, were found in the examination before surgery." Preventive health care clinic hospital doctor Zhangguo Yan told reporters. The other two are requested at the hospital out-patient examination. Four patients, the youngest 28 years old, the largest about 60 years old.
The situation in other hospitals is very similar to the discovery of AIDS Clinical become a major way.
Check the protection of both doctors and patients HIV
Detection of the public called for free
Interview, Yantai Hill Hospital said that if people with AIDS in a hospital surgery, medical devices used in hospitals, must go through a special sterilization, and associated indicators test, and so complex procedures. Many doctors also said that pre-operative check not only for HIV patients, but also for occupational health care professionals have the necessary protection. After all, blood-borne infection of HIV is the most direct route, and medical personnel may be exposed to a variety of every day the patient's blood.
Interview, also told reporters that some patients, taking into account the terrible HIV, HIV check is really necessary to do, but the inspection fee is not everyone is willing to afford. It is understood that there are special funds to ensure that the national disease control departments to provide free HIV checks, but in a hospital, according to provincial standards developed to collect 60 per test fee. So many people have called: I hope that the State can extend the free testing to the hospital, did not check fee "worries", I believe that most patients will be voluntary, automatically do the checking.
100名“男同”有15人染艾滋
■我市“男同”保守估计有两万人，艾滋病感染率高达15.1%■明天是世界艾滋病日，主题是“遏制艾滋，履行承诺
来源于：中山商报 2010年11月30日
■核心提示
12月1日是第23个 "世界艾滋病日"，我国今年的主题是"遏制艾滋，履行承诺"。记者昨日从相关部门了解到，2005年以来，我市每年报告的艾滋病病例数以每年17% 的速度增长，性传播成为我市艾滋病流行的主要传播途径。而其中，我市"男同"群体艾滋病阳性感染率从去年的5.3% 迅速攀升至今年的15.1% ，"男同"已成为我市艾滋病高流行群体。
“男同”感染率一年攀升近10个百分点
15分钟是短暂的，不过是人生的弹指一挥间；15分钟又是漫长的，等待的结果足以宣布一个人的死刑。
今年年初的一天，身为“男同”的小若和他的亲密伴侣一同来到市疾病预防中心进行艾滋病检测。检测只需15分钟，小若一切正常，而他的伴侣检查结果呈阳性，意味着他已感染HIV。
“他不肯来，是我把他拽来的。”小若说，自己最亲密的伴侣患上了艾滋，他感到很心痛，而这已不是他身边的第一例。“今年以来，我知道的朋友中患上艾滋就有七八个了，‘男同’艾滋感染率呈现快速上升趋势。”
这一数据得到了疾控中心的认同。“男男性接触者已成为我市艾滋病高流行人群。”中山市艾滋病防治所所长汪涛说。2009年和今年，疾控中心均对这个人群开展了专题调查。2009年的阳性感染率达到5.3%，2010年的阳性率达到了15.1%，“这个数字可以用触目惊心来形容。”汪涛说，按照世界卫生组织对于艾滋病流行状态的划分，我市男男性接触者已经成为高流行人群。
我市“男同”保守估计有两万人
汪涛称，据疾控中心连续两年进行的专题调查显示，调查对象平均年龄为28岁，已婚的占17.6%，该人群的艾滋病知识知晓率高达91.3%，但每次发生性行为时坚持使用安全套的只占53.6%；同时该人群中约1/5还同时与异性发生性关系。“我市男男性接触者，保守估计约2万人，因此该人群作为桥梁人群将艾滋病传染给普通人群的危险性很大。”
小若是中山“男同”圈子里有一定影响力的人物，不仅是多个“男同”Q群的群主，还是今年才成立的红丝带志愿组织的核心成员。他认为，“男同”对艾滋病的知晓率还是很高的，但总觉得艾滋离自己很远，自己没那么“好彩”感染上，往往在性接触时，不戴安全套。“此外，多性伴侣也是造成艾滋病交叉传染的途径。”他说，“‘男同’因多采取隐蔽形式活动、缺乏社会道德约束，不少‘男同’普遍拥有多性伴侣、甚至‘一夜情’。我所认识的大多数‘男同’，和伴侣在一起的时间不超过一年，稳定性比较差。”
运作“红丝带”发挥草根力量
据介绍，2008年可以说是我市艾滋病防治的标志点，经性传播的感染者首次超过经注射吸毒途径，成为导致我市艾滋病流行的第一位危险因素，也意味着我市的艾滋病疫情逐渐向一般人群扩散。
“而男男性接触者在整个人群中属于最隐匿人群，在如何做好防范和干预工作中，我们一直在尝试新举措。”汪涛说，由于“男同”对外界有抗拒心理，因此，他们从今年起成立了“红丝带”关爱中心，招募愿意为艾滋病防治工作贡献的人作为志愿者。由市疾控中心医生提供技术支持，由志愿者深入该人群活动场所，如公园、酒吧和网络等进行各种形式的干预。
小若就是其中的核心志愿者成员。“大多数志愿者都是‘男同’，目前活跃的志愿者约30多人，今年干预男男性行为人群3700多次。”小若说。在小若看来，“男同”防艾最行之有效的办法就是“相信安全套、相信自己”，这也是他一直向身边人灌输的观点。
对话汪涛
82岁艾滋感染者起因嫖娼
记者：目前我市艾滋病呈现怎样的特点呢？
汪涛：总人群呈现低流行，但男男性行为人群属高流行人群，这是我市防艾的一大难点。从2005年以来，每年报告的病例数以每年17%的速度增长。在报告的病例中，2005年外来流动人口占了63%，到了2009年，这个比例增至75%，这是另一大难点。此外，性传播成为导致我市艾滋病流行的第一位危险因素，意味着艾滋病疫情逐渐向一般人群扩散。以往病例以青壮年为主，但逐渐向较高年龄组扩散。今年年龄最大的感染者为82岁，感染原因是嫖娼。50岁以上感染者，2005年占了5.8%，2009年占了12.65%，这一现象全省普遍存在。约1/7流动人员近一年有多性伴记者：流动人口所占比例这么高，有没对他们进行过具体的摸查呢？
汪涛：今年我们对工厂工人、建筑工人、餐饮宾馆从业人员等4类流动人口共1600人进行了调查，平均年龄为29岁，未婚占了一半，最近一年有多性伴的占了14.2%，约占1/7，最近一年有过嫖娼行为的占了14%，每次都使用安全套的仅占34.1%；最近一年有过临时性行为的占了11.2%，每次都使用安全套的仅占30.7%；艾滋病知识知晓率最低的是建筑工地工人，仅39%。在调查中我们共发现2名HIV感染者。
对七类人群设监测哨点进行干预
记者：针对出现的特点，我市主要采取什么措施？取得怎样的成效？
汪涛：我市建立了市镇村三级防治网络，同时加强对病例随访检测。对感染者每半年追踪一次，对已发病的每个季度进行一次追踪随访并提供关怀，2010年我市的随访率达到了86%，位于全省前列。
目前已在静脉吸毒人群、暗娼人群、男男性接触者人群以及孕产妇、青年学生等七类人群中设立了监测哨点。1990年以来，我市累计监测140万人次。对吸毒人群，主要是通过美沙酮维持替代治疗，建立清洁针具交换点，2005年以来共干预吸毒者28000人次；在暗娼人群中，派工作人员深入一些场所开展艾滋病知识宣传和安全套推广，2005年以来共干预6万多人次；对“男同”群体，成立红丝带关爱中心，与民间志愿者展开合作。
经测算，我市艾滋病感染者减少了13000人，为社会减少直接经济损失达5.2亿元，但累计投入的资金仅2000万元左右，具有极高的成本效益。其次，静脉注射吸毒人群的阳性率保持在5%左右，没有继续上升的趋势。
对话小若
学生"男同"增多只因好奇
记者：什么原因促使你成为一名红丝带志愿者？小若：我在这个圈子一直比较活跃，朋友患上艾滋也更加坚定了我想从事这样的志愿工作的想法。已经有不少人在我的劝说下做检测，这对自己和他人都是一种保护。 记者：据你的了解，中山“男同”群体有什么特点？
小若：以年轻人和中年人为主，其中18岁至30岁之间的约占60%，有三成“男同”会选择同异性结婚，所以艾滋病有向普通人群传播的危险。新的特点是学生群体不断增多。除了在校大学生外，甚至有个别初中生和高中生也加入这个群体。他们不乏因好奇和刺激才成为同志，用他们的话来说“很潮”、“很IN”。这些学生因好奇而尝试，但一经尝试却越陷越深，在安全措施不到位的情况下，更容易感染HIV。
■链接
得到全球基金项目资助
前三年可获100万美元
据介绍，我市去年成功申请到全球基金防治艾滋病项目，整个项目持续6年，前三年的经费预算近100万美元，主要用于在吸毒者、暗娼、男男性接触者等高危人群和流动人口中开展艾滋病宣传干预工作。
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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100 "gay" there were 15 HIV-infected
■ city "gay" conservative estimated twenty thousand people, HIV infection rates as high as 15.1% ■ Tomorrow is World AIDS Day theme "Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise
From: Zhongshan Daily November 30, 2010
■ core tips
December 1 is the first of 23 "World AIDS Day", our theme this year is "Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise." Reporter learned yesterday from the relevant departments since 2005, the city's AIDS cases reported each year 17% annual growth rate of the city of sexual transmission as the main route of transmission of the AIDS epidemic. Which, in our city, "gay" group of HIV-positive infection rate from 5.3% last year, quickly rising to 15.1% this year, "gay" has become a city of high HIV prevalence populations.
"Gay" infection rates rose nearly 10 percentage points a year
15 minutes is short, but a short span of life; 15 minutes and is long enough to wait for the results to announce a person's death.
One day early this year, as "men with" little, if together with his intimate partner came to the city center for disease prevention and HIV testing. Detection of 15 minutes, a small, if everything is normal, and his companion test results were positive, meaning that he is infected with HIV.
"He refused to come, I come to drag him." To say that small, their most intimate partner suffering from AIDS, he was very upset, but this is not the first case to him. "This year, I know friends suffering from AIDS have seven or eight, and 'gay' showed rapid upward trend of HIV infection."
The data obtained agree with the CDC. "MSM has become the city population with high HIV prevalence." Zhongshan City, said Wang Tao, director of AIDS. 2009 and this year, the CDC were carried out on this special survey group. The positive rate of infection in 2009 to 5.3% in 2010, the positive rate of 15.1%, "this figure can be used to describe the horrifying." Wang Tao said that according to the World Health Organization classification for the state of the AIDS epidemic, MSM in our city who has become a high-fashion crowd.
Our city, "gay" conservative estimate twenty thousand people
Wang Tao said, according to the CDC for two consecutive years of thematic survey, the survey average age was 28 years old, 17.6% married, Knowledge about AIDS among the population as high as 91.3%, but every time when having sex condom use and only 53.6%; while the crowd of about 1 / 5 also simultaneously a sexual relationship with the opposite sex. "The city of MSM, a conservative estimate about 2 million people, so the population as a bridge to HIV transmission among the general population will be a great danger."
If Zhongshan small "man with" a certain circle of influential people, not only over "gay" Q group of the main group, or set up only this year, Red Ribbon core members of voluntary organizations. He believes that "gay" is still very high awareness of AIDS, but always felt very far away from their own HIV, their not so "good luck" infections, often in sexual contact, do not wear condoms. "In addition, multiple sexual partners is also a way to cross-infection of AIDS." He said, "'gay' to take a more subtle form of activity because of the lack of social and moral constraints, many 'gay' in general have more sexual partners, and even 'night Love '. I know most of the' gay ', and partners together for less than a year, relatively poor stability. "
Operation of the "Red Ribbon" grass-roots power play
According to reports, can be said that in 2008 the city's landmarks AIDS, sexually transmitted infections through injecting drug use means the first time, as the AIDS epidemic led to the city's first risk factor, also means the city's AIDS the gradual spread of the epidemic to the general population.
"The MSM population in the whole population belongs to the most hidden, in how to do prevention and intervention work, we have been trying new initiatives." Wang Tao said, because "the man with the" resistance to the outside world has, therefore, Starting this year they set up a "Red Ribbon" care center, recruiting willing to contribute to AIDS prevention and treatment of people as volunteers. CDC to provide technical support to municipal doctors, the depth of the population volunteer venues, such as parks, bars and networks, various forms of intervention.
If it is one of a small core of volunteer members. "Most of the volunteers were 'gay', is currently about 30 active volunteers, people, this intervention in 3700 among MSM repeatedly." Little, if that. If it seems small, "the man with the" AIDS Prevention The most effective way is to "believe that condoms, believe in yourself", which is around people he has been taught to view.
Dialogue Wang Tao
The cause of 82-year-old HIV-infected prostitutes
Reporter: What is currently showing the characteristics of AIDS in our city do?
Wang Tao: The total population shown to be less popular, but the MSM is a high prevalence population, AIDS prevention is a major difficulty in our city. Since 2005, the number of cases reported each year an annual growth rate of 17%. In the reported cases, the floating population in 2005 accounted for 63%, to 2009, this proportion increased to 75%, which is another major difficulty. In addition, the city of sexual transmission as the AIDS epidemic led to the first risk factor, meaning that the AIDS epidemic gradually spread to the general population. Past cases are young, but gradually spread to the higher age group. Infected this year, the oldest was 82 years old, the infection due to prostitution. Infected persons over the age of 50 in 2005, accounting for 5.8% in 2009, accounted for 12.65%, a phenomenon common across the province. About 1 / 7 the past year a number of sexual partners, current staff reporters: such a high proportion of floating population, they have not been specific Mocha it?
Wang Tao: This year we are factory workers, construction workers, restaurant employees and other hotel-type mobile population, a total of 4 conducted a survey of 1,600 people, average age was 29 years old, unmarried, half of the last year or more sexual partners accounted for 14.2 %, about 1 / 7, last year there have been acts of prostitution accounted for 14% always use condoms and only 34.1%; the past year there have been a temporary account for 11.2% of acts, each time using only 30.7% of condoms; Knowledge about AIDS is the lowest construction site workers, only 39%. In the survey we found that two were HIV infected.
Groups of seven types of intervention set up sentinel surveillance sites
Reporter: On the emergence of the characteristics of the main measures taken by the city? How to obtain results?
Wang Tao: Town and city levels to establish a control network and also followed up on the cases detected. Tracking of infection once every six months, the incidence of each have been conducted quarterly and provide care for follow up in 2010, the city of follow-up rate of 86%, in the province.
Intravenous drug users has been, among commercial sex workers, MSM populations, and pregnant women, young students and other people in the seven categories of sentinel sites established. Since 1990, the city monitor the 1.4 million total passengers. Of drug users, mainly methadone substitution therapy by established needle exchange points, drug intervention since 2005, a total of 28,000 people; in the commercial sex workers population, a number of places to send staff to carry out in-depth knowledge of AIDS awareness and condom promotion, 2005 A total of more than 60,000 people since the intervention; of "gay" group, set up Red Ribbon care centers, and private volunteers to cooperate.
After calculation, the city reduces the HIV 13,000 people, for the community to reduce the direct economic losses of 5.2 billion, but the total funds invested only 2,000 yuan, with a high cost-effectiveness. Secondly, intravenous drug users positive rate remained at 5%, did not continue an upward trend.
Small if the dialogue
Students "gay" more because of curiosity
Q: What prompted you to become a Red Ribbon volunteers? Little, if: I have been relatively active in this circle, and friends suffering from AIDS and more determined that I would like to volunteer work in the idea. Many people have been persuaded to do in my testing, which is a kind of protection themselves and others. Reporter: According to your understanding, Zhongshan "gay" groups What are the characteristics?
Little, if: The young and middle-aged mainly 18 to 30 of them between the ages of about 60%, You Sancheng "gay" would choose to marry with the opposite sex, so AIDS, the risk of transmission to the general population. The new feature is the increasing student population. In addition to college students, but even individual junior and high school students also joined the group. There is no lack of curiosity and excitement they became comrades, with their words, "very tide", "very IN". These students because they are curious to try, but try it once bogged down in the case of security measures in place, the more susceptible to HIV.
■ Links
Funded by the Global Fund
The first three years will receive $ 1,000,000
According to reports, the city last year's successful application to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS project, the project for 6 years, before the budget three years nearly 100 million U.S. dollars, mainly used in drug users, sex workers, MSM and other high-risk groups and mobile the population to carry out AIDS awareness interventions.
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