Blood：突变干细胞疗法治愈艾滋病 艾滋病新疫苗首次出现成功预防案例

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Blood：突变干细胞疗法治愈艾滋病

 
　
　
　
 
Blood：突变干细胞疗法治愈艾滋病
【字体：大 中 小】　　www.ebiotrade.com　　时间：2010年12月20日　　 　　来源：中国日报
　
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构　
　
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证
 

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摘要： 作为一种破坏人体免疫系统的疾病，艾滋病一直是困扰世界医学界的难题，目前还没有一种有效的方法能够治愈它。然而据美国《大众科学》杂志12月14日报道，德国柏林日前传出了一则振奋人心的消息——当地医院的医生成功治愈了一位白血病患者的艾滋病，因为他们用来治疗白血病的干细胞恰好对艾滋病病毒感染具有免疫力。

作为一种破坏人体免疫系统的疾病，艾滋病一直是困扰世界医学界的难题，目前还没有一种有效的方法能够治愈它。然而据美国《大众科学》杂志12月14日报道，德国柏林日前传出了一则振奋人心的消息——当地医院的医生成功治愈了一位白血病患者的艾滋病，因为他们用来治疗白血病的干细胞恰好对艾滋病病毒感染具有免疫力。

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这名患者为了治疗白血病在2007年接受了干细胞移植，在移植以前，他还接受了用于彻底消灭自身免疫细胞的化疗和全身辐射，并服用了免疫抑制药物以防止机体排斥移植的干细胞。

 

 

医生介绍，这名患者移植的干细胞并不是普通的干细胞，而是发生了某种突变的干细胞，这种导致人体CD4免疫细胞缺少CCR5受体的干细胞只存在于生活在北欧和西欧的高加索人中，且只占到其总人口的1%。须知道，艾滋病病毒必须借助CCR5受体才能在早期感染CD4免疫细胞，因此可以说，带有这种突变的人对于艾滋病毒感染存在一定的免疫能力。

移植手术后，这些能够抵抗艾滋病病毒感染的干细胞就在患者体内扎根并繁衍，同时患者体内已被感染的CD4免疫细胞也被化疗和辐射完全摧毁并消失。38个月以后，医生在这名患者身上已经找不到艾滋病毒感染的迹象，也就是说他的艾滋病被治愈了。

虽然该病人已经痊愈，但德国医学家表示，个例康复并不能代表艾滋病真的就能被治愈了，不过这则病例的出现确实让研究者们看到了希望，也许有朝一日我们可以通过基因疗法或细胞移植，从而在体内阻止艾滋病的毒蔓延，或者直接消灭艾滋病毒。更重要的是，它否定了艾滋病无法被治愈的神话。

 

德国研究人员在新一期美国《血液》月刊上发表报告称，他们通过骨髓移植疗法“治愈”了一名艾滋病患者。但这一疗法能否推广引发争议。

德国柏林沙里泰医院的研究人员介绍说，2007年，一名40多岁的美国男性艾滋病病毒携带者因患白血病在柏林接受骨髓移植治疗，当时捐献者的骨髓配型不仅非常吻合，而且还有一种能天然抵御艾滋病病毒的变异基因。以往研究发现，在很少一部分欧洲人体内存在这种变异基因。  

3年后，这名美国病人已不再有白血病和艾滋病病毒感染的迹象。研究人员在报告中说：“他们的结果非常明确地显示这名患者的艾滋病得到治愈。”  

但是，美国艾滋病病毒医学协会前会长迈克尔·扎格认为，如果将这种方法变成标准疗法，存在着较大风险。他说，目前，干细胞或骨髓移植常用于癌症治疗，但对健康人来说其风险尚属未知，因为它涉及利用强力药物和放射物摧毁人体原有的免疫系统，然后输入捐献者的骨髓，以重造一个新的免疫系统，这种疗法及其引发的并发症会提高死亡率。  

美国国家过敏和传染病研究所主任安东尼·福西也认为，目前这种治疗艾滋病的方法还不能应用，因为费用和风险都太高。不过，它为研究人员利用基因疗法或其他方法治疗艾滋病提供了更多线索。
Blood: mutations in stem cell therapy to cure AIDS
www.ebiotrade.com Time: December 20, 2010 Source: China Daily
    Abstract: The destruction of the immune system as a disease, AIDS has been the medical problems afflicting the world, there is no an effective way to cure it. However, according to the U.S. "Popular Science" magazine on Dec. 14 reported that Berlin was an exciting few days ago came the news - local doctors, a leukemia patient successfully treated with the HIV, because they are used to treat leukemia stem cells happens to be immune to HIV infection.
    Destruction of the immune system as a disease, AIDS has been plagued world medical problems, there is no an effective way to cure it. However, according to the U.S. "Popular Science" magazine on Dec. 14 reported that Berlin was an exciting few days ago came the news - local doctors, a leukemia patient successfully treated with the HIV, because they are used to treat leukemia stem cells happens to be immune to HIV infection.

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    This patient for the treatment of leukemia in 2007 received stem cell transplantation, before transplantation, he also accepted for the complete elimination of autoimmune cells and systemic chemotherapy, radiation, and taking immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection of transplanted stem cells in the body.

    Doctors, this patient was not transplanted stem cells in normal stem cells, but had a mutation in stem cells, immune cells that lead to human CD4 cells lack CCR5 receptors exist only in living in the northern and western Europe Caucasians and account for only 1% of the total population. Should know that HIV can be with CCR5 receptor CD4 immune cells in early infection, it can be said of people with this mutation for HIV infection there is a certain immunity.

    After transplantation, the HIV infection resistant to the stem cells to take root and multiply in the patient's body while the body has been infected patients with CD4 immune cells with chemotherapy and radiation have been completely destroyed and disappear. 38 months later, doctors found that patients who have signs of HIV infection, that he was cured of AIDS.

    Although the patient has recovered, but the German physician, said a representative of AIDS cases actually recovered and can not be cured, but it does give the appearance of the cases researchers see hope, maybe one day we can gene therapy or cell transplantation, and thus the poison in the body to prevent the spread of AIDS, or directly destroy HIV. More importantly, it denies the myth of AIDS can not be cured.

 

German researchers in the new American "blood" magazine published the report, they passed bone marrow transplantation therapy "cured" of an AIDS patient. However, this therapy can promote controversy.

Germany 柏林沙里泰 hospital researchers said, in 2007, a 40-year-old American men living with HIV suffering from leukemia treatment bone marrow transplant in Berlin, when the matching bone marrow donor is not only very consistent, but there is a species to natural variation of HIV resistance gene. Previous studies have found that a fraction of Europeans in the existence of this variant in vivo.

3 years later, the United States no longer has leukemia patients and signs of HIV infection. The researchers said in the report: "Their results show very clearly that AIDS patients have been cured."

However, the U.S. former president of the HIV Medical Association, Michael Zag that, if this approach will become standard therapy, there is a big risk. He said at present, stem cell or bone marrow transplantation commonly used in cancer treatment, but healthy people, the risk is still unknown, because it involves the use of drugs and radiation to destroy Qiangli the original body's immune system, then enter the donor's bone marrow, to re-create a new immune system caused by this therapy and its complications will increase mortality.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci also believes that the current method of treatment of AIDS can not be applied because the costs and risks are too high. However, it is the researchers used gene therapy to treat AIDS or other methods to provide more clues.

　
 
 
 
　

［ 作者：佚名    转贴自：本站原创    点击数：196    更新时间：2010-12-20    文章录入：nnb ］

　

艾滋病新疫苗首次出现成功预防案例

 
　
　
　
 
艾滋病新疫苗首次出现成功预防案例
www.PharmNet.com.cn　2010-12-21　医药网　
　
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构　
　
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

    生意社12月21日讯　科学家宣布，一种实验性疫苗令感染艾滋病毒的风险减低了三分之一。在泰国进行的这项医疗试验唤起了公众寄予对抗艾滋病取得重大突破的希望。
 
    据美国陆军透露，这项由美国陆军与美国国家过敏症及传染病研究所（NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseases）一同赞助的艾滋病疫苗测试，堪称全球历来规模最大的一次。他们对16000多名志愿者进行了测试，结果首次出现成功预防艾滋病毒感染的案例。
 
    接受测试的志愿者都是年龄介于18岁至30岁、艾滋病毒抗体检测呈阴性、受感染风险为中等的泰国男性和女性。所有的志愿者接受咨询，并配发避孕套，以帮助他们避免感染艾滋病。然后，随机选择一半志愿者接受两种疫苗组合注射的测试，而另一半志愿者接受安慰剂的注射。直到试验结束，没人知道哪个志愿者是属于其中哪个小组的。
 
    结果相对较少的志愿者感染上艾滋病毒，其中在接受疫苗注射的8197名参与者中，感染艾滋病毒的有51人；在接受安慰剂注射的8198名参与者中，感染艾滋病毒的有74人。但是两者之间的差异具有统计学意义，这也就是说，科学家确信这个差异不是由于偶然因素引起的。经计算得出的结论是，对于接受疫苗的那一组志愿者来说，艾滋病毒感染风险降低了31%。
 
    美国陆军负责领导这项耗资达1.05亿美元（合6400万英镑）研究的杰罗姆•金（JeromeKim）上校说，这是“我们可以研发出一种安全有效的艾滋病毒预防性疫苗的首个证据。”
 
    最近一系列研制艾滋病毒预防性疫苗的试验接连失败，致使许多科学家认为这种疫苗可能无法实现。在2007年，默沙东制药公司（Merk）在试验结果令人失望之后，放弃了当时看似最有前途的研究项目。美国国家过敏症及传染病研究所所长安东尼•福西（AnthonyFauci）博士警告说，这“不是研发之路的终极目标”，但也对试验结果表示惊讶，而且也深感满意。
 
    “这让我对改善这个试验结果怀有谨慎乐观的态度，”他说：“这是我们可以做到的。”
 
    每天，全世界有7000名新艾滋病患者；据联合国艾滋病规划署（Unaids）的估计，在2007年，全世界共有2万人死于艾滋病。
 
    一直以来在研发相关疫苗的国际组织——美国艾滋病疫苗倡导联盟（AidsVaccineAdvocacyCoalition）对这项自1983年以来的第三次重大研究的试验结果表示欢迎。“一个历史性的里程碑”的事件是：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV，又称艾滋病毒）于1983年被确认为艾滋病的致病原因。
 
    美国艾滋病疫苗倡导联盟的执行理事米切尔•沃伦（MitchellWarren）说：“毫无疑问，这一试验结果将在艾滋病疫苗领域中发挥激励的作用，并重新定位艾滋病疫苗的研发方向。”
 
     英国帝国理工学院的免疫学教授弗朗西斯•高驰（FrancesGotch）表示，这项研究结果似乎有统计学意义，可能是两种不同的疫苗的协同作用，从而产生更为强大的效果。
 
    高驰也是国际艾滋病疫苗行动组织（InternationalAidsVaccineInitiative）的首席调查员，他在接受《卫报》记者采访时说：“使用疫苗后，艾滋病毒感染发生率如此之低，实在令人印象深刻。”
 
    “当然，不是100%的人[得到了保护]，但31%的减低或许会令世界艾滋病治疗的前景大为改观。我觉得这是我们可以接受的。”
 
    泰国公共卫生部进行了这项针对泰国常见艾滋病毒菌株的研究。
 
    科学家强调说，他们并不知道这种疫苗是否能够预防世界其他地方出现的艾滋病毒菌株。该项研究之所以选择在泰国进行，是因为美国陆军的科学家在泰国出现艾滋病流行时，曾在泰国进行了关键性研究，对病毒菌株进行分离，并且向疫苗生产商提供这些艾滋病毒菌株的遗传信息。
 
    这项研究测试了两种疫苗的组合注射，采用“启动—提高”的办法，其中第一种疫苗启动免疫系统攻击艾滋病毒，而第二种疫苗则强化这一反应。
 
    艾滋病毒疫苗Alvac使用一种称为金丝雀痘病毒（canarypox）的禽流感病毒，对该病毒进行改变使它不能引起人体疾病，将三种艾滋病毒基因一同载入体内。而艾滋病毒疫苗Aidsvax则含有艾滋病毒表面的经基因工程改造过的某种蛋白。
 
    目前尚不清楚疫苗制造商是否会寻求获得在泰国生产销售这种双疫苗组合的许可权。在这项试验开始之前，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）曾指出，在考虑颁发这种双疫苗的美国许可权之前，还需进行一些其他相关的研究。这一试验的全部结果将于10月份在巴黎召开的国际艾滋病疫苗会议上公布于众。
 
    研究机构及资助机构（比如盖茨基金会）联盟组织——全球艾滋病疫苗企业计划（GlobalHIVVaccineEnterprise）的执行董事阿兰•伯恩斯坦（AlanBernstein）表示，这项研究的结果显示，研发艾滋病毒疫苗是一个可以实现的目标。“这是寻求研制艾滋病疫苗的26年来最具历史性的一天，”伯恩斯坦博士说，“这项试验首次证明了，人类通过更多的研究，将会有可能研制出一种完全可以预防艾滋病毒的疫苗。”
 
    英国的全国爱滋信托基金会总裁德博拉•杰克（DeborahJack）表示，目前，迫切需要艾滋病毒疫苗，因为疫苗是迄今为止治疗重大传染性疾病的最有效方法。还需进行更多的研究工作，但这个颇有希望的结果“验证了一点，那就是包括英国政府在内的国际社会继续投资并致力于研制艾滋病毒疫苗是完全合适的。”
 
    英国主要的艾滋病慈善机构——特伦斯希金斯信托组织（TerranceHigginsTrust）表示对此研究结果持“谨慎乐观”的态度。该组织的政策经理维姬•希尔德（VickySheard）说：“这是在漫漫长路上跨出的第一步。”
 
    “对于疫苗的推出、所需付出的昂贵费用以及是否对不同艾滋病毒菌株也有效等方面，还需进行许多研究。”
AIDS vaccine for the first time a new case of successful prevention
www.PharmNet.com.cn 2010-12-21 Medical Network
    Business News Agency December 21 scientists announced that an experimental vaccine reduced the risk of HIV infection in the third. In the clinical trials conducted in Thailand to arouse the public has placed a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS hope.
 
    According to the U.S. Army revealed that the U.S. Army and the United States by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseases) jointly sponsored AIDS vaccine test, called the world's largest one ever. They tested more than 16,000 volunteers, the results for the first time successful prevention of HIV infection cases.
 
    The volunteers were tested between the ages of 18 to 30 years old, HIV antibody test was negative, the risk of infection for the middle of the Thai men and women. All volunteers receive counseling, and dispensing of condoms, to help them avoid HIV infection. Then, randomly select half of the volunteers were injected with the test combination of both vaccines, while the other half of the volunteers received placebo injections. Until the end of the trial, no one knows which volunteers belong to which group of them.
 
    The results of relatively few HIV-infected volunteers, including the vaccination of the 8197 participants, 51 HIV-infected person; placebo injections in 8198 participants, 74 HIV-infected people. However, the difference between the two was statistically significant, which means that scientists believe the difference is not due to chance factors. The calculation was concluded that, for the volunteer group that received the vaccine, the risk of HIV infection by 31%.
 
    The U.S. Army is responsible for leading the cost of 1.05 billion dollars (64 million pounds) of the Jerome • Jin (JeromeKim) Colonel said it was "we can develop a safe and effective HIV preventive vaccine first evidence. "
 
    A series of recent development of HIV preventive vaccine trial after another failed, leaving many scientists believe that the vaccine may not be realized. In 2007, pharmaceutical company Merck (Merk), after disappointing results in the test, gave up at that time seems the most promising research projects. U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anthony Fauci • (AnthonyFauci) Dr. warned that it "is not the ultimate goal of research and development of the road" but also expressed surprise at the test results, but also deeply satisfied.
 
    "It makes me cherish the results of this test to improve the attitude of cautious optimism," he said: "This is what we can do."
 
    Every day, worldwide, 7,000 new AIDS; according to UNAIDS (Unaids) estimated that in 2007, a total of 2 million people worldwide died of AIDS.
 
    Vaccine has been in research and development related to international organizations - the United States AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition (AidsVaccineAdvocacyCoalition) since 1983 for the third major study results welcome. "A historic milestone" events are: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as HIV) in 1983 was recognized as a cause of AIDS.
 
    U.S. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition executive director of the Mitchell • Warren (MitchellWarren) said: "There is no doubt that the AIDS vaccine test results will be inspired to play the role of the field, and re-positioning the direction of AIDS vaccine research and development."
 
     Imperial College London professor of immunology Francis • High Chi (FrancesGotch) said the findings appear to have statistical significance, two different vaccines may be synergies, resulting in a more powerful effect.
 
    High Chi International AIDS Vaccine Initiative is (InternationalAidsVaccineInitiative) chief investigator, he told "The Guardian" interview, said: "The use of vaccine, the HIV infection rate is so low, it is impressive."
 
    "Of course, not 100% of the people [are protected], but perhaps 31% would reduce the prospect of the world greatly improved AIDS treatment. I think this is acceptable to us."
 
    Thailand Ministry of Public Health conducted the HIV strains common in Thailand for the research.
 
    Scientists stressed that they did not know whether the vaccine appears to prevent other parts of the world of HIV strains. The study chose Thailand because the U.S. Army scientists when the AIDS epidemic in Thailand has a critical study in Thailand, the virus strains were isolated, and vaccine manufacturers to provide the genetic strains of HIV information.
 
    This study tested the combination of injection of the two vaccines, the use of "Start - to improve" approach, in which the immune system starts the first vaccine against HIV, while the second is to strengthen the response to the vaccine.
 
    Alvac HIV vaccine using a virus called canarypox (canarypox) avian influenza virus, the virus changes so that it can not cause disease in humans, will be loaded with three HIV genes in vivo. The HIV vaccine Aidsvax the surface of HIV which have been genetically engineered in a protein.
 
    It is not clear whether the vaccine manufacturers in Thailand will seek the vaccine production and sales of this dual combination of permissions. Before the start of the trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has pointed out that in considering this dual vaccine issued license before the United States, the need for some other related research. The full results of this trial will be held in October in Paris, meeting of the International AIDS Vaccine public.
 
    Research institutions and funding agencies (such as the Gates Foundation) Alliance - Global AIDS Vaccine Enterprise Scheme (GlobalHIVVaccineEnterprise) • Executive Director Alan Bernstein (AlanBernstein), said the study results suggest that HIV vaccine research and development an achievable goal. "This is the development of an AIDS vaccine for 26 years to the most historic day," Dr. Bernstein said, "This trial was the first proof of human through more research, will be possible to develop a fully vaccines for HIV prevention. "
 
    British president of the National AIDS Trust, Deborah • Jake (DeborahJack) said that at present, the urgent need of HIV vaccine because the vaccine is so far the treatment of major communicable diseases, the most effective way. More research is needed, but the promising results "validate the point that the British Government, including the international community to continue to invest and is committed to develop an HIV vaccine is entirely appropriate."
 
    Britain's leading AIDS charities - Terrence Higgins Trust (TerranceHigginsTrust) said the results of this study was "cautiously optimistic" attitude. The organization's policy manager Vicky • Heald (VickySheard) said: "This is the first step on the long journey."
 
    "For the introduction of the vaccine required to pay the high cost and whether different strains of HIV are also effective, etc., needed for many studies."
　
 
 
 
　

［ 作者：佚名    转贴自：本站原创    点击数：196    更新时间：2010-12-21    文章录入：nnb ］