专家提醒：不明原因发热、腹泻应排查艾滋
    2010年12月07日 15:54　来源：羊城晚报

图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

　　Tips：

　　哪些机构

　　可做艾滋病

　　病毒检测？

　　有了不洁性交或高危性行为，最好到疾病预防控制中心和卫生部门指定的医疗机构做血液检测，这可以最直接了解自己是否感染艾滋病，而且检测是免费和保密的。比如广州市疾病预防控制中心、广东省疾病预防控制中心、广东省皮肤性病防治中心、广州市第八人民医院等相关机构均可做艾滋病的免费检测。

　　李艳说，感染上艾滋病病毒的患者，每6个月到医院做一次检测，当CD4＜350单位时(提示免疫力下降到一定程度)，医生会决定是否进行抗病毒治疗。对需要治疗的患者，政府按照有关规定免费提供抗病毒药物。

　　艾滋病病毒

　　怎样灭活？

　　一听艾滋病，很多人感觉恐慌。实际上，这个病毒一旦离开人体后，在外界环境中生存能力便很快消失。HIV对环境中的物理因素和化学因素抵抗力均较弱，比乙型肝炎病毒的抵抗力低得多。

　　★HIV对温度的抵抗力

　　HIV对热很敏感，对低温的耐受性强于高温，美国疾控中心证明，在室温(22～27℃)液体环境下HIV可存活15天以上。血清中HIV经过60℃3小时或80℃30分钟作用后不能检出感染性HIV。目前，WHO推荐的灭活方法是100℃20分钟。

　　★HIV对化学品的抵抗力

　　病毒对常用的消毒剂都非常敏感。0.2%次氯酸钠、0.1%家用漂白粉等5分钟即可灭活HIV，30%的酒精5分钟、20%酒精溶液10分钟可灭活HIV。

　　染“艾”

　　新趋势

　　1

　　大学生以及老年男性发病日益多见

　　2010年1-10月，广东省新增治疗艾滋病病人1223人。广东省疾病预防控制中心艾滋病防治研究所副所长李艳说，感染HIV之后，一般8年左右开始发病，目前，已经进入艾滋病发病的高峰期，新增治疗的患者也会逐渐增多。

　　广州市第八人民医院感染科艾滋病患者的就诊情况也证实了新病人增多的趋势。该院感染科副主任医师何浩岚说：“我一周出一次门诊，每次至少能确诊两例新病人，有时甚至确诊4-5例，这在前几年是很少见的，而且以前的患者多数是20-40岁的青壮年，但近年来，50-70岁的老年男性越来越常见。”

　　“来市八医院感染科就诊的患者，多数是因为出现了各种症状，比如不明原因的发烧、肺炎、腹泻、皮疹等，在其他医院看多次都治不好，最后医生建议查查艾滋病，才到我们这里就诊。”何浩岚说：“最近就有一名50多岁的男性，患了皮疹，看了近两年都治不好，后来医生怀疑他是艾滋病，才让他来市八医院查一查。抽血一查，就发现感染艾滋病病毒。该患者已经发病，所以才出现皮疹。”

　　广州市疾控中心调查结果表明，作为艾滋病主要传播途径的男同性恋感染者中，相当部分是大学生。专家表示，大学生艾滋病病毒感染人数增多值得警惕，亟须对大学生加强性教育。

　　染“艾”

　　新趋势

　　2

　　“男同”性传播迅速增加

　　经吸毒传播艾滋病快速流行的势头已经得到基本控制，目前，性传播已成为主要传播途径，男性同性性传播上升速度明显。

　　据统计，在2000年的时候，90%的艾滋病感染者是由于注射毒品，共用针头感染，异性性传播只占到10%左右，几乎就没有同性传播。而10年后的今天，艾滋病感染者由异性传播约占43%，注射毒品约占30%，同性传播则几乎高达13%。

　　同性性传播在10年间上升了近10%。李艳说，在广东省，尤其是珠三角地区，男男同性性传播迅速上升。一项对广州、深圳、东莞、佛山、中山这五个城市2000名男同性恋者的调查显示，经性传播感染艾滋病病毒的比例约为7%-10%。

　　艾滋病

　　【名词解释】

　　艾滋病

　　艾滋病(AIDS)是一种严重的传染病，目前还没有有效的疫苗和治愈的药物，但完全可以预防。

　　“艾滋病病毒感染者”外观上与健康人一样，可以正常地工作和学习(但有传染性)。当病毒将人体免疫力破坏到一定程度，就成为艾滋病病人(即发病)，可出现长期低热、体重下降、慢性腹泻、咳嗽、皮疹等症状。

　　专家认为，感染HIV之后，一般8年左右开始发病。目前医学界已经把艾滋病当作一种“慢性病”，发病后可进行抗病毒治疗，每天服药，控制病情发展。

　　防

　　“艾”措施：

　　安全性行为

　　使用安全套

　　如今社会开放度高，婚前性行为、婚外性行为、男男性行为已不是什么新鲜事。李艳说，无论是异性还是同性，第一次发生性行为的年龄均已提前，而且多性伴人群也明显增多。

　　让疾控专家担忧的是，这些人群，特别是大学生、中学生，安全套的使用率却很低。就以男男性行为人群中为例，50%以上有多个性伴，且一部分人还有女性性伴，而这一人群的安全套使用率却只有10%-20%，一旦与一名艾滋病患者(或感染者)发生性行为，就很容易让疾病传播开来。

　　李艳说，艾滋病病毒(HIV)大量存在于人体血液、精液、阴道分泌物中。所以说，无保护的性交最危险。

　　因此，专家认为，无论是异性还是同性发生性行为，均提倡安全的性行为，使用安全套。特别是年轻人、学生，这类人群性健康教育不够，尝试性行为的机会又多，更加要强调负责任以及安全的性行为。(张华、易学锋、林曼)
Experts advise: unexplained fever, diarrhea, HIV should be the investigation
    At 15:54 on December 7 2010 Source: Yangcheng Evening News
  December 1, 2010 is the first of 23 "World AIDS Day", the theme of this year's campaign is still "Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise." Guangdong Province, disease control experts say the AIDS epidemic in Guangdong Province rise has slowed, but the students and the elderly over the age of 50 number of cases increased rapidly. Experts remind that there have been high-risk sexual behavior, unexplained fever, diarrhea, rash and other symptoms, should be related to the disease control department or the medical structure of HIV testing.
 

Tips:

Which agencies

Do AIDS

Virus?

With the unclean sexual intercourse or high-risk sexual behavior, it is best to disease prevention and control centers and medical institutions designated by the health sector to do blood tests, which can be the most direct knowledge of whether HIV infection and the test is free and confidential. Such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, skin and venereal disease prevention and control center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital and other related organizations may do free HIV testing.

Li Yan said that the patients infected with HIV every 6 months to a hospital for a test, when the CD4 <350 units (down to a certain degree of immunity prompted), the doctor will decide whether to proceed with antiviral therapy. Patients in need of treatment, the Government provided free of charge in accordance with relevant provisions of the antiviral drugs.

AIDS virus

How inactivated?

Heard of AIDS, many people feel panic. In fact, the virus once they left the body, ability to survive in the external environment will soon disappear. HIV physical factors of environment resistance and chemical factors are weaker than the resistance of hepatitis B virus is much lower.

★ HIV resistance to temperature

HIV is very sensitive to heat, strong tolerance to low temperature to high temperatures, the CDC show that at room temperature (22 ~ 27 ℃) HIV can survive under the liquid more than 15 days. HIV serum after 60 ℃ 3 hours or 80 ℃ 30 分钟 role can not be detected after infection HIV. Currently, WHO recommends the inactivation method is 100 ℃ 20 minutes.

★ HIV resistance to chemicals

Virus is very sensitive to common disinfectants. 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, 0.1% household bleach, etc. 5 minutes inactivated HIV, 30% alcohol for 5 minutes, 20% alcohol solution for 10 minutes to inactivate HIV.

Pollution "Ai"

New trends

1

College students and older men increasingly common disease

2010, 1-10 months, the treatment of AIDS patients in Guangdong Province 1223 new people. Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention AIDS Prevention, said Li Yan, deputy director of the Institute, after HIV infection, the general incidence of around 8 years, at present, the incidence of AIDS has entered the peak period, new patients will be gradually increased.

Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Infectious Diseases of the treatment situation of AIDS patients also confirmed a growing trend of new patients. MD, deputy director of the hospital infection Hehao Lan said: "I once a week, out-patient, each at least two cases of new diagnosed patients, sometimes even 4-5 cases diagnosed, it is rare a few years ago, but the majority of patients before is the 20-40 year old young adults, but in recent years, 50-70-year-old becoming increasingly common in elderly men. "

"To City Hospital, eight patients with treatment of infectious diseases, mostly because of the emergence of various symptoms, such as unexplained fever, pneumonia, diarrhea, rash, etc., many are looking at other hospitals cure, and finally look up AIDS doctor's advice before treatment to us. "He Haolan said:" Recently there is a 50-year-old male, suffering from a skin rash, read the last two years have failed to cure, then doctors suspected he was HIV before allowing him to City Hospital eight check. blood investigated, found infected with HIV. The patient has the disease, so only a rash. "

Guangzhou CDC survey showed that as the main route of transmission of HIV infection in gay men, a considerable portion of students. Experts said the growing number of students infected with HIV should be alert to the urgent need to strengthen education on college students.

Pollution "Ai"

New trends

2

"Men with the" rapid increase in sexually transmitted

The rapid epidemic spread of AIDS drugs has been basically controlled the momentum, at present, sexual transmission has become the main mode of transmission, male homosexual transmission rate of increase significantly.

According to statistics, in 2000, when 90% of AIDS due to injecting drugs, sharing needles infection, heterosexual transmission accounts for only about 10%, almost no homosexual transmission. And 10 years later, AIDS accounted for about 43% of the heterosexual transmission, injecting drug use accounts for about 30%, homosexual transmission is almost as high as 13%.

Homosexual transmission in 10 years increased by nearly 10%. Li Yan said that in Guangdong Province, especially the Pearl River Delta region, men and male homosexual transmission rapidly. A study of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan, the five cities in 2000 survey of gay men, HIV infection through sexual transmission ratio of approximately 7% -10%.

AIDS

】 【Glossary

AIDS

AIDS (AIDS) is a serious infectious disease, there is no effective vaccine and cure the drug, but completely preventable.

"HIV" appearance and health of people, can normally work and study (but infectious). When the virus will destroy the human immune system to a certain extent, become AIDS patients (the disease), there may be long-term fever, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, cough, rash and other symptoms.

Experts believe HIV infection, the general incidence of around 8 years. The medical profession has to AIDS as a "chronic" disease after antiviral treatment, daily medication to control disease progression.

Anti-

"Ai" measures:

Safe sex

Condom use

Today, an open society is high, premarital sex, extramarital sex, men and male behavior are not uncommon. Li Yan said, whether heterosexual or homosexual, the first age have sex earlier, and the crowd multiple sex partners increased significantly.

For disease control experts fear that these people, especially college students, high school students, condom use is very low. Take the MSM population, for example, more than 50% have multiple sexual partners, and some people have a female partner, and condom use in this population but only 10% -20%, once with an AIDS patient ( or infected) sex, it is easy for the disease to spread.

Li Yan said that the AIDS virus (HIV) in large numbers in human blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Therefore, the most dangerous of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Therefore, experts believe, whether heterosexual or homosexual sex, are to promote safe sex, use condoms. Especially young people, students, sexual health education is not enough of these people, the opportunity to try the addition of sex, and more to emphasize responsible and safe sex. (Zhang, Yi Feng, Lin Man)

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