世界级卓越组织的DNA--卓越绩效模式的核心价值观


  世界级卓越组织的DNA--卓越绩效模式的核心价值观
   (田景卫,全国质量奖评审员,深圳市市长质量奖评审员, 西北工大MBA)

  卓越绩效准则是建立在一组相互关联的核心价值观和概念的基础之上的,这些核心价值观和概念是世界级企业为实现卓越的经营绩效所必须具备的观念和意识,被称为世界级卓越组织的DNA, 基因,  它贯穿于卓越绩效准则的各项要求之中,应体现在全体员工,尤其是企业的高层管理人员的行为之中。核心价值观和概念共有11条,具体内容如下:
  
  1,   前瞻性的领导(visionary leadership)

  组织的高层领导者应设定方向,确立对于顾客的关注,建立明确而实在的价值观,提出高的期望。这些方向、价值观和期望应综合权衡所有利益相关者的需要。领导者要确保建立起追求卓越、促进创新、构筑知识和能力的策略、系统和方法。价值观和战略应当用于指导组织所有的活动和决策。高层领导者应鼓舞、激励全体员工,鼓励员工贡献、成长和学习,鼓励他们勇于创新和创造。高层领导者应对组织的治理机构的行为和绩效负责。治理机构最终应就组织及高层领导者的道德、价值观、行为和绩效对所有利益相关者负责。

  高层领导者应通过其道德行为,通过参与计划、沟通、未来领导者培养、组织绩效评审、员工表彰认可等,发挥其榜样的作用。作为榜样,当他们在组织中构筑领导力、承诺和主动精神时,他们就能够有力地强化组织的道德观、价值观和期望。
  

  2,    顾客驱动的卓越 (customer-driven excellence)
  
  质量和绩效是由组织的顾客判定的。因此,组织必须重视所有能够为顾客带来价值的产品和服务的特征和特性,以及所有接触顾客的方式。这样做才能引来顾客,得到顾客的满意、偏好和推荐,赢得顾客的驻留和忠诚,实现业务的扩大。顾客驱动的卓越包括了对当前和未来两方面的关注,既要理解今天的顾客要求,还要预计未来的顾客期望和市场潜力。

  在整个顾客购买、拥有和服务体验的过程中,有很多因素都会影响顾客所体察到的价值和满意。这些因素包括了组织与顾客间的关系,这种关系有助于建立信任、信心和忠诚。

  顾客驱动的卓越其含义远不止减少缺陷和差错,符合规范,或是减少抱怨。不过,减少缺陷和差错以及消除造成不满的原因,影响着顾客对于组织的看法,从而也是顾客驱动的卓越的重要组成部分。此外,组织能否消除缺陷和错误的影响(“为顾客排除问题”),对于留住顾客和建立顾客关系起着至关重要的作用。

  顾客驱动的组织不只是重视满足顾客基本要求的那些产品和服务特性,而且还重视使自己区别于竞争者的那些特征和特性。这种差异化可以基于全新或改进的提供物、产品和服务的不同组合、提供物的定制化、多重的接触机制、快速的反应、特殊的关系等。

  因此,顾客驱动的卓越是一个战略性的概念。它意在顾客的驻留和忠诚以及市场份额的获得和增长。它要求对于变化的和新出现的顾客和市场要求,对于影响顾客满意和忠诚的因素,能够持续地保持敏感。 它要求倾听顾客的心声。它要求预计市场的变化。因而,顾客驱动的卓越还要求把握技术的发展,把握竞争者提供物的发展,并对顾客和市场变化做出迅速灵活的反应。
 

  3,    组织的和个人的学习(organizational and personal learning)

  要实现高水平的经营绩效,就必须在组织的和个人的学习上有一套有效的办法。组织的学习既包括对于当前做法的持续改进,也包括因势利导引入新的目标和/或做法。学习必须根植于组织的运行中去。这意味着:
 

  •  学习是日常工作的常规组成部分;
  •    学习实施在个人、部门及整个组织的诸层次上;
  •    学习导致了在源头(“根本原因”)解决问题;
  •    学习着重于在整个组织中构筑和分享知识;
  •    学习为引起重大而有意义变化的机会所驱动。

  实现学习的源泉包括:员工的创意、研究与开发、顾客的意见、最佳做法的分享和标杆分析。

  组织的学习可达成:

  •   通过新的和改进的产品和服务,为顾客增加价值;
  •   开发新的商机;
  •   减少差错、缺陷、浪费和相关的费用;
  •   改进反应能力和周期时间绩效;
  •   增加整个组织中所有资源利用的生产率和有效性;
  •   提升组织在履行社会责任和公民义务方面的绩效。

  员工的成功日益依赖于个人的学习和实践新技能的机会。组织通过教育、培训及其他的成长机会而投资于员工的个人学习。这些机会可包括职位轮换,提高所展示出的知识和技能的薪酬。在岗培训是一种效费比很高的培训方式,能够更好地将培训与组织的需要和重点相结合。教育和培训可以充分利用各种先进技术,如基于计算机和网络的学习和卫星广播等。
 

  个人的学习可带来:

  •   愿意长期为组织做出贡献的更加满意和多能的员工;
  •   组织范围内的跨职能学习;
  •   构筑组织的知识财富;
  •   改善了的创新环境。

  因此,学习不仅导致了更好的产品和服务,而且还提升了响应能力、适应能力、创新能力和效率,从而带给组织更强的市场实力和绩效优势,也带给员工更好的满意度和追求卓越的动机.
  
  4,    重视员工和合作伙伴(value employees and partners)

  组织的成功日益依赖于其全体员工及合作伙伴的多样化的知识、技能、创造力和动机。

  重视员工意味着致力于员工的满意、发展和权益。这涉及到采用更灵活的高绩效工作做法,这些工作做法充分考虑了员工多样化的工作场所和家庭生活需要。在重视员工方面所面临的主要挑战包括:
 

  •   展示出领导者对于员工成功的重视;
  •     超越常规薪酬制度的认可;
  •    在组织中的发展与进步;
  •    共享组织的知识从而使员工能够更好地服务于顾客及为实现组织的战略目标做出贡献;
  •    营造鼓励冒险和创新的环境。

       组织要更好地实现其总体目标,就必须建立起内部的和外部的合作伙伴关系。内部合作伙伴关系如员工和管理层之间的合作。与员工的合作伙伴关系可能会涉及员工的发展、交叉培训或新的工作组织,如高绩效的工作团队。内部的合作伙伴关系还可包括为改善灵活性、响应能力和知识共享而建立的工作单元之间的网络关系。


  外部合作伙伴关系可以是同顾客、供应商和教育机构之间的合作。战略合作伙伴或战略联盟正在日益成为外部合作伙伴的重要形式,这种合作伙伴关系可以提供进入新市场的通路或发展新产品和新服务的依托。此外,这种合作伙伴关系还可以使组织的核心能力或领导能力与合作者的优势与能力相得益彰。

  成功的内、外部合作伙伴关系应树立长远的目标,以建立相互投入和尊重的基础。合作者应明确成功的关键要求、定期沟通的手段、评价进展的方法、适应情况变化的措施等。某些情况下,联合教育培训可能会是一个效费比很高的员工发展方法。
  

  5,  敏捷性(agility)

  要在全球化的竞争市场上取得成功,就必须有敏捷性,亦即适应快速变化的能力和灵活性。电子商务要求同时也促进了更加迅速、灵活和定制化的响应。企业面对着越来越短的新/改进的产品和服务的导入周期,同时也面对着更快、更灵活的顾客响应。要在响应时间上取得重大改进,常常要求简化工作单位和过程并/或具备在不同过程间快速转换的能力。在这样一种严峻的环境下,多技能的主动性员工就成为最为重要的财富。

  应对竞争挑战的一个重要的成功因素就是从设计到导入(推出产品/服务)的周期或创新的周期。为了应对迅速变化的全球市场的需要,组织必须将从研究或概念到商品化之间的活动进行阶段间的整合(如并行工程)。

  时间绩效的所有方面都变得愈来愈重要,周期时间已成为一个关键的过程指标。对时间的关注还可带来其他的重要益处,时间方面的改进通常会同时推动在组织、质量、成本和生产率方面的改进。
 

  6,    注重未来(focus on the future)

  在今天的竞争环境下,注重未来就要求理解影响你的企业和市场的那些长期的和短期的因素。要追求稳定的增长和市场领先地位,就必须有坚定的未来导向以及对关键的利益相关者做出长期承诺的意愿,这些利益相关者包括顾客、员工、供应商和合作伙伴、股东、公众、社区。组织的计划活动应当预先考虑到诸多的因素,如顾客的期望、新的商机和合作机会、员工的发展和聘用的需要、全球市场的增长、技术发展、日益发展的电子商务环境、新的顾客细分和市场细分、不断变化的管制要求、社区和社会的期望、竞争对手的战略性举动等。战略目标和资源分配必须与这些有效因素相匹配。注重未来还包括员工和供应商的发展,实施有效的继任计划活动,创造创新机会,预期应承担的公众责任。
 

  7,      促进创新的管理(managing for innovation)

  创新意味着实施有意义的改变,以改进组织的产品、服务和过程并为组织的利益相关者创造新的价值。创新会使组织的绩效进入一个新的境界。创新已不再知识研发部门的领地,它对于经营的所有方面以及所有的过程都是非常重要的。组织的领导和管理应使创新成为组织的学习型文化的一个组成部分,使创新融入日常工作中去。

  创新构筑于组织及其员工所需要的知识之上。因此,对于促进创新的管理而言,有效利用这些知识的能力有着至关重要的意义。
 

  8,  基于事实的管理 (management by fact)

  组织的运行依赖于绩效的测量和分析。这种测量应取决于经营需要和战略,并应提供关于关键过程、输出和结果的重要数据和细腻。绩效管理需要诸多类型的数据和信息。绩效测量应包括顾客、产品和服务方面的绩效,运营、市场和竞争性绩效的对比,以及供应商、员工、成本和财务方面的绩效。

  分析是指有数据和信息中萃取进一步的意义,以支持评价、决策和改进。分析需要利用数据来确定趋势、展望及尚不明晰的因果关系。分析可服务于多种目的,如计划活整体绩效评审、运营改进、变革管理、与竞争者和标杆的绩效比较等。

  在绩效改进和变革管理中,需要考虑的一个重要因素就是绩效测量指标的选择和应用。所选指标应能最好地描述那些使顾客、运营和财务绩效得以改进的因素。体现顾客和/或组织绩效要求的一套综合测量指标,构成了将所有过程与组织目标相校准的一个明确基础。在对所追踪过程的数据的分析中,测量指标本身也会被评价和改变,以更好地支持目标。

  9, 社会责任 (social responsibility)

  组织的领导层应重视公众责任、道德行为,并强调履行公民义务的必要性。在恪守商业道德和保护公众健康、安全、环境方面,领导者应当成为组织的榜样。对于健康、安全和环境的保护涉及组织的运营,以及组织的产品和服务的生命周期。组织还应注重保护资源和从源头上减少废弃物。在计划活动中应考虑到产品的生产、分销、运输、使用和废弃等所可能造成的有害影响。有效的计划活动可防止问题的发生,提供发生问题时的坦诚应对方案,提供所需信息与支持以保持公众的知情、安全和信心。

  从公众责任的角度而言,产品的设计阶段对于许多组织而言都是非常重要的。设计决策影响着生产过程,常常也决定着所排放的市政废弃物和工业废弃物的内容。有效的设计战略应考虑到人们日益增长的环境意识和组织的环境责任。

  组织不只是要满足所有国家的、地方的法律法规要求,他们还应把这些要求视为实现“守法之上”的改进的机会。组织应在与所有利益相关者的事务和交往中强调道德行为。组织的治理机构应对高度的道德操行提出要求并加以监控。

  履行公民义务指的是,组织在资源许可的条件下,对于重要的公众目的的领导和支持。这些目的如社区教育和医疗的改善、环境优化、资源保护、社区服务、行业做法和商业做法的改善、非专有信息的分享等。作为企业公民,领导作用还意味着要去影响其他的公私机构共同去实现这些目的。这方面的例子如,组织可以牵头或参与来确定业界对于社区的义务。对于社会责任的管理要求采用适当的测量指标,并明确对于这些指标的领导责任。
 

  10,   注重结果和创造价值 (focus on results and creating value)

  组织的绩效测量应注重于关键的结果。这些结果应当被用于为关键的利益相关者—顾客、员工、股东、供应商和合作伙伴、公众和社区—创造价值和平衡其相互间的价值。通过为关键的利益相关者创造价值,组织构筑起了忠诚,并为经济的增长作出了贡献。要加以平衡就意味着各种目标之间有时会发生冲突和改变。为了满足这些目标,组织的战略中就应明确地纳入关键的利益相关者的要求。这将有助于确保计划与行动满足不同的利益相关者的需要,避免对任何一方造成不利的影响。一套均衡组合的先行(leading)和滞后(lagging)绩效指标的应用,为沟通长、短期的重点事项和监控实际绩效提供了一种有效的手段,也为结果的改进提供了明确的基础。
 

  11, 系统的视野 (systems perspective)

  卓越绩效准则为管理组织及其关键过程实现卓越绩效提供了一个系统的视野。其7个类目和核心价值观构成了这一系统的模块和整合机制。但是,要对总体绩效加以成功的管理,还必须针对组织加以“综合(synthesis)”、“校准(alignment)”和“整合(integration)”。“综合”意味着把组织视为一个整体并在此基础上确立包括战略目标和行动计划在内的关键业务要求。“校准”意味着应用卓越绩效准则所规定的各项要求之间的关键联系来确保计划、过程、测量指标和行动之间的一致性。“整合”构筑在校准之上,意味着组织绩效管理系统的各个要素以充分互联的方式运行。

  系统的视野包含了高层领导者对于战略方向和顾客的关注。它意味着高层领导者依据经营结果来监测、应对和管理绩效。系统的视野还包括应用测量指标和组织的知识来建立关键的战略。它意味着这些战略要与组织的关键过程联系起来并协调组织的资源配置,最终实现整体绩效的改进和顾客的满意。

  因此,系统的视野意味着管理整个组织及其组成部分以实现成功。

 

核心价值观原文:
 
Core Values and Concepts
The Criteria are built on the following set of interrelated Core Values and Concepts:
_ Visionary leadership
_ customer-driven excellence
_ organizational and personal learning
_ valuing employees and partners
_ agility
_ focus on the future
_ managing for innovation
_ management by fact
_ social responsibility
_ focus on results and creating value
_ systems perspective
These values and concepts, described below, are embedded beliefs and behaviors found in high-performing organizations. They are the foundation for integrating key performance and operational requirements within a results-oriented framework that creates a basis for action and feedback.
 
Visionary Leadership
Your organization’s senior leaders should set directions and create a customer focus, clear and visible values, and high expectations. The directions, values, and expectations should balance the needs of all your stakeholders. Your leaders
should ensure the creation of strategies, systems, and methods for achieving performance excellence, stimulating innovation, building knowledge and capabilities, and ensuring organizational sustainability. The values and strategies should help guide all of your organization’s activities and decisions. Senior leaders should inspire and motivate your entire workforce and should encourage all employees, including any volunteers,
to contribute, to develop and learn, to be innovative, and to be creative. Senior leaders should be responsible to your organization’s governance body for their actions and
performance. The governance body should be responsible ultimately to all your stakeholders for the ethics, actions, and performance of your organization and its senior leaders. Senior leaders should serve as role models through their ethical behavior and their personal involvement in planning, communications, coaching, development of future leaders, review of organizational performance, and employee recognition. As role models, they can reinforce ethics, values, and expectations while building leadership, commitment, and initiative throughout your organization.
 
Customer-Driven Excellence
Quality and performance are judged by an organization’s customers. Thus, your organization must take into account all product and service features and characteristics and all modes of customer access that contribute value to your customers. Such behavior leads to customer acquisition, satisfaction, preference, referral, retention and loyalty, and to business expansion. Customer-driven excellence has both current and future components: understanding today’s customer desires and anticipating future customer desires and marketplace potential. Value and satisfaction may be influenced by many factors throughout your customers’ overall experience with your organization. These factors include your organization’s customer relationships, which help to build trust, confidence, and loyalty. Customer-driven excellence means much more than reducing
defects and errors, merely meeting specifications, or reducing complaints. Nevertheless, these factors contribute to your customers’ view of your organization and thus also
are important parts of customer-driven excellence. In addition, your organization’s success in recovering from defects, service errors, and mistakes is crucial to retaining customers and building customer relationships. Customer-driven organizations address not only the product and service characteristics that meet basic customer requirements but also those features and characteristics that differentiate products and services from competing offerings. Such differentiation may be based on new or modified
offerings, combinations of product and service offerings, customization of offerings, multiple access mechanisms, rapid response, or special relationships. Customer-driven excellence is thus a strategic concept. It is directed toward customer retention and loyalty, market share gain, and growth. It demands constant sensitivity to changing and emerging customer and market requirements and to the factors that drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.It demands listening to your customers. It demands anticipating
changes in the marketplace. Therefore, customer driven excellence demands awareness of developments in technology and competitors’ offerings, as well as rapid and
flexible responses to customer, environmental, and market changes.
 
Organizational and Personal Learning
Achieving the highest levels of organizational performance requires a well-executed approach to organizational and personal learning. Organizational learning includes both
continuous improvement of existing approaches and significant change, leading to new goals and approaches. Learning needs to be embedded in the way your organization operates. This means that learning (1) is a regular part of daily work;(2) is practiced at personal, work unit, and organizational levels; (3) results in solving problems at their source (“root cause”); (4) is focused on building and sharing knowledge
throughout your organization; and (5) is driven by opportunities to effect significant, meaningful change. Sources for learning include employees’ and volunteers’ ideas, research and development (R&D), customers’ input, best practice sharing, and benchmarking. Organizational learning can result in (1) enhancing value to
customers through new and improved products and services;(2) developing new business opportunities; (3) reducing errors, defects, waste, and related costs; (4) improving responsiveness and cycle time performance; (5) increasing productivity and
effectiveness in the use of all your resources; and (6) enhancing your organization’s performance in fulfilling its societal responsibilities and its service to your community. Employees’ success depends increasingly on having opportunities
for personal learning and on practicing new skills. In organizations that rely on volunteers, the volunteers’ personal learning also is important, and their learning and skill development should be considered with employees’. Organizations invest in employees’ personal learning through education, training, and other opportunities for continuing growth and development. Such opportunities might include job rotation and increased pay for demonstrated knowledge and skills. On-the-job training offers a cost-effective way to train and to better link training to your organizational needs
and priorities. Education and training programs may benefit from advanced technologies, such as computer- and Internet based learning and satellite broadcasts. Personal learning can result in (1) more satisfied and versatile employees who stay with your organization, (2) organizational cross-functional learning, (3) the building of your organization’s knowledge assets, and (4) an improved environment for innovation. Thus, learning is directed not only toward better products and services but also toward being more responsive, adaptive, innovative, and efficient—giving your organization marketplace
sustainability and performance advantages and giving your employees satisfaction and motivation to excel.
 
Valuing Employees and Partners
An organization’s success depends increasingly on the diverse backgrounds, knowledge, skills, creativity, and motivation of all its employees and partners, including both paid employees and volunteers, as appropriate. Valuing employees means committing to their satisfaction, development, and well-being. Increasingly, this involves more flexible, high-performance work practices tailored to employees with varying workplace and home life needs. Major challenges in the area of valuing employees include
(1) demonstrating your leaders’ commitment to your employees’ success, (2) providing recognition that goes beyond the regular compensation system, (3) offering development
and progression within your organization, (4) sharing your organization’s knowledge so your employees can better serve your customers and contribute to achieving your strategic objectives, (5) creating an environment that encourages risk taking and innovation, and (6) creating a supportive environment for a diverse workforce.
Organizations need to build internal and external partnerships to better accomplish overall goals. Internal partnerships might include labor-management cooperation. Partnerships with employees might entail employee development,
cross-training, or new work organizations, such as high-performance work teams. Internal partnerships also might involve creating network relationships among your work units to improve flexibility, responsiveness, and knowledge sharing. External partnerships might be with customers, suppliers, and nonprofit or education organizations. Strategic partnerships or alliances are increasingly important kinds of external partnerships. Such partnerships might offer entry into new markets or a basis for new products or services. Also, partnerships might permit the blending of your organization’s
core competencies or leadership capabilities with the complementary strengths and capabilities of partners to address common issues. Successful internal and external partnerships develop longer-term objectives, thereby creating a basis for mutual investments and respect. Partners should address the key requirements for success, means for regular communication, approaches to evaluating progress, and means for adapting to changing conditions. In some cases, joint education and training could offer a cost-effective method for employee development.
 
Agility
Success in today’s ever-changing, globally competitive environment demands agility—a capacity for rapid change and flexibility. E-business requires and enables more rapid, flexible, and customized responses. Organizations face ever-shorter cycles for the introduction of new/improved products and services, and nonprofit and governmental organizations are increasingly being asked to respond rapidly to new or emerging
social issues. Major improvements in response times often require simplification of work units and processes or the ability for rapid changeover from one process to another.
Cross-trained and empowered employees are vital assets in such a demanding environment.
A major success factor in meeting competitive challenges is the design-to-introduction (product or service initiation) or innovation cycle time. To meet the demands of rapidly
changing markets, organizations need to carry out stage-tostage integration (such as concurrent engineering) of activities from research or concept to commercialization or
implementation. All aspects of time performance now are more critical, and cycle time has become a key process measure. Other important benefits can be derived from this focus on time; time improvements often drive simultaneous improvements in organization, quality, cost, and productivity.
 
Focus on the Future
In today’s competitive environment, creating a sustainable organization requires understanding the short- and longer-term factors that affect your organization and marketplace. Pursuit of sustainable growth and market leadership requires a strong future orientation and a willingness to make long-term commitments to key stakeholders—your customers, employees, suppliers, partners, stockholders, the public, and your community. Your organization’s planning should anticipate many factors, such as customers’ expectations, new business and partnering opportunities, employee development and hiring needs, the increasingly global marketplace, technological developments, the evolving e-business environment, changes in customer and market segments, evolving regulatory requirements, changes in community and societal expectations and needs, and strategic moves by competitors. Strategic objectives
and resource allocations need to accommodate these influences. A focus on the future includes developing employees and suppliers, accomplishing effective succession
planning, creating opportunities for innovation, and anticipating public responsibilities and concerns.
 
Managing for Innovation
Innovation means making meaningful change to improve an organization’s products, services, programs, processes, and operations and to create new value for the organization’s stakeholders. Innovation should lead your organization to new dimensions of performance. Innovation is no longer strictly the purview of research and development departments; innovation is important for all aspects of your operations and all processes. Organizations should be led and managed so that innovation becomes part of the learning
culture. Innovation should be integrated into daily work and should be supported by your performance improvement system. Innovation builds on the accumulated knowledge of your
organization and its employees. Therefore, the ability to rapidly disseminate and capitalize on this knowledge is critical to driving organizational innovation.
 
Management by Fact
Organizations depend on the measurement and analysis of performance. Such measurements should derive from business needs and strategy, and they should provide critical data
and information about key processes, outputs, and results. Many types of data and information are needed for performance management. Performance measurement should
include customer, product, and service performance; comparisons of operational, market, and competitive performance; supplier, employee, cost, and financial performance; and
governance and compliance. Data should be segmented by, for example, markets, product lines, and employee groups to facilitate analysis. Analysis refers to extracting larger meaning from data and information to support evaluation, decision making, and
improvement. Analysis entails using data to determine trends, projections, and cause and effect that might not otherwise be evident. Analysis supports a variety of purposes, such as planning, reviewing your overall performance, improving operations, accomplishing change management, and comparing your performance with competitors’ or with “best practices” benchmarks.
 
A major consideration in performance improvement and change management involves the selection and use of performance measures or indicators. The measures or indicators
you select should best represent the factors that lead to improved customer, operational, financial, and ethical performance. A comprehensive set of measures or indicators tied to customer and organizational performance requirements represents a clear basis
for aligning all processes with your organization’s goals. Through the analysis of data from your tracking processes, your measures or indicators themselves may be evaluated and changed to better support your goals.
 
Social Responsibility
An organization’s leaders should stress responsibilities to the public, ethical behavior, and the need to practice good citizenship. Leaders should be role models for your organization in focusing on ethics and protection of public health, safety, and the environment. Protection of health, safety, and the environment includes your organization’s operations, as well as the life cycles of your products and services.
Also, organizations should emphasize resource conservation and waste reduction at the source. Planning should anticipate adverse impacts from production, distribution, transportation, use, and disposal of your products. Effective planning should prevent problems, provide for a forthright response if problems occur, and make available information and support needed to maintain public awareness, safety, and confidence.
For many organizations, the product or service design stage is critical from the point of view of public responsibility. Design decisions impact your production processes and
often the content of municipal and industrial waste. Effective design strategies should anticipate growing environmental concerns and responsibilities. Organizations should not only meet all local, state, and federal laws and regulatory requirements, but they should treat these and related requirements as opportunities for improvement
“beyond mere compliance.” Organizations should stress ethical behavior in all stakeholder transactions and interactions. Highly ethical conduct should be a requirement of and should be monitored by the organization’s governance body.
Practicing good citizenship refers to leadership and support —within the limits of an organization’s resources—of publicly important purposes. Such purposes might include
improving education and health care in your community, pursuing environmental excellence, practicing resource conservation, performing community service, improving industry
and business practices, and sharing nonproprietary information. Leadership as a corporate citizen also entails influencing other organizations, private and public, to partner for these purposes. Managing social responsibility requires the use of appropriate measures and leadership responsibility for those measures.
 
Focus on Results and Creating Value
An organization’s performance measurements need to focus on key results. Results should be used to create and balance value for your key stakeholders—customers, employees, stockholders, suppliers, partners, the public, and the community. By creating value for your key stakeholders, your organization builds loyalty, contributes to growing the economy, and contributes to society. To meet the sometimes conflicting and changing aims that balancing value implies organizational strategy explicitly should include key stakeholder requirements. This will help ensure that plans and actions meet differing stakeholder needs and avoid adverse impacts on any stakeholders. The use of a balanced composite of leading and lagging performance measures offers an effective means to communicate short- and longer-term priorities, monitor actual performance, and provide a clear basis for improving results.
 
Systems Perspective
The Baldrige Criteria provide a systems perspective for managing your organization and its key processes to achieve results—performance excellence. The seven Baldrige Categories and the Core Values form the building blocks and the integrating mechanism for the system. However, successful management of overall performance requires organization specific synthesis, alignment, and integration. Synthesis means
looking at your organization as a whole and builds on key business requirements, including your strategic objectives and action plans. Alignment means using the key linkages among requirements given in the Baldrige Categories to ensure consistency of plans, processes, measures, and actions. Integration builds on alignment, so that the individual components of your performance management system operate in a fully interconnected manner. These concepts are depicted in the Baldrige framework on
page 5. A systems perspective includes your senior leaders’ focus on strategic directions and on your customers. It means that your senior leaders monitor, respond to, and
manage performance based on your results. A systems perspective also includes using your measures, indicators, and organizational knowledge to build your key strategies. It
means linking these strategies with your key processes and aligning your resources to improve overall performance and satisfy customers and stakeholders. Thus, a systems perspective means managing your whole organization, as well as its components, to achieve success.
 
[参考文献]
1, Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQP) Business Criteria.
2, 《卓越绩效模式理解与实施指南》 中国质量协会/卓越国际质量研究中心编著,岳刚,赵建坤 审校, 中国标准出版社,2005年3月第一版
[作者简介] 田景卫,全国质量奖评审员,深圳市市长质量奖评审员,注册质量工程师,著名跨国检测认证公司SGS集团公司精益领导者(LEAN LEADER),ISO9001内审员,ISO/IEC17025内审员。历任某著名跨国检测认证公司高级质量知识管理经理,全国质量经理,流程改善经理。有12多年欧资,美资跨国公司质量管理, 采购与供应管理工作经验。9年国有研究所工作经历. 欢迎对本文提出宝贵意见。个人信箱: [email protected]