中醫藥國際貿易應遵循多邊貿易規則 食品商務網 2010-03-08 15:56:00
●我國中醫藥貿易在當今世界多邊貿易體制下必須堅持“立足國內，以內促外；因地制宜，靈活多樣；醫藥並重，相互帶動；依靠科技，雙向接軌；掌握規則，參與遊戲”的戰略方針。
●中醫藥對外貿易的主要途徑應通過中醫藥的現代化、國際化，要選取重點國家為突破口，開拓西方草藥市場，並通過政府行為爭取國際上接受中國中醫藥標準。
入世為中醫藥提供了全球化市場、穩定透明和可預見的多邊貿易機制、規範的生產與貿易規則，符合中醫藥事業發展的長遠利益。但中醫藥現行政策法規、行業能力和經營觀念，在與國際規則對接時會出現一些不適應的問題，甚至會產生磨擦和衝突。
入世拓寬市場也帶來壓力
對市場規模的影響
從總體上看，入世為我國中醫藥貿易提供了廣闊的國際市場，向世界開放了中國國內市場。
以醫療服務為例，目前，除亞洲國家屬於中醫的傳統市場外，歐美和其他國家的中醫醫療也正得到廣泛應用。如英國現有中醫診所3000家，僅倫敦即有1000家；荷蘭有中醫診所1500家，4000人從事中醫醫療服務。境外中醫醫療服務具有投資少、技術含量高、週期短、回報高的特點，入世後，將擁有更廣闊的全球化市場，中醫藥產品和服務可望平等地進入各成員市場，並進一步加速中醫藥融入世界醫藥體系的進程。
然而，目前中醫藥在許多國家尚未得到法律承認，現行行業標準尚未成為國際標準，要想在短期內迅速佔領國際市場較困難。與此同時，發達國家到中國合資、合作辦中醫院，他們在管理、技術、人才、資金以及營銷策略等方面具有較強的市場競爭力，也形成一定壓力。而且，隨著藥品進口關稅下降，進口西藥將擠占國內藥品市場，西方植物藥進口的現象將有增無減，中國中醫藥佔據的國內市場將受到直接或間接的挑戰。
對產品和服務質量的影響
入世為我國加強中醫藥自身能力建設創造了條件，同時也對中醫藥產品和服務提出了更高的要求。
開放醫療服務貿易，有利於引進先進的醫療技術和設備、科學的管理模式、更多的國內外資金，引入有序競爭機制。通過合資合作、改制轉型、聯合兼併等多種形式，完善、改造和提高中醫醫療機構的水平，逐步形成以公有製醫療機構為主體、多種所有製形式與經營方式並存、公平競爭、共同發展的中醫醫療服務體系。 WTO非歧視原則和公平競爭原則，使中藥企業獲得在國際上平等競爭、尋求發展的機會。各國對進口藥品的技術要求，將促進國內中藥產業技術的提高和成熟。
但必須看到，我國中醫醫療產業長期封閉發展，衛生資源配置和醫療收費等方面存在不合理現象，如資本進入醫療服務行業在許多地方依然存在障礙，以藥養醫現象突出。醫療市場進一步對外開放，中外合資合作醫療機構和公立醫療機構之間的競爭，可能使一部分機制僵化的公立醫院處於劣勢，發生分化，變更產權，在不同程度影響整個醫療衛生系統的穩定。
中藥企業是我國傳統工業，現代化、規模化、集團化生產能力和國際化、網絡化營銷能力不足，國際競爭力不夠。中醫診斷標準、療效判斷標準、臨床用藥安全性評價標準、中藥藥品生產質量管理規範等尚未成為國際標準，中藥功能食品技術標準與國際標準有一定差距。這些都與入世形勢不適應，如果不加以調整、改造和提高，將在國際競爭中受衝擊，甚至遭淘汰。
對政府行為、法律法規和行業標準建設的影響
入世為中醫藥國際貿易贏得了穩定、透明和可預見的多邊貿易保障機制，同時也對政府行為、法律法規和行業標準建設帶來了相應的壓力。
根據WTO透明度原則，各國貿易政策及政府管理行為要透明，成員應停止一切與WTO原則相抵觸的法律條文。這就要求中醫藥行業轉變政府職能，規範政府行為，加速法規化建設，完善法規體制。
由於我國在中醫藥行業佔國際領先地位，作為WTO成員，還應爭取到製定標準、準則的主動權。如運用產品與服務准入限制、產品技術質量標準；合理運用反傾銷、反補貼和例外條款等保護、保障措施；加強中醫藥知識產權保護，維護中醫藥在世界傳統醫學領域的領先地位；運用磋商協調原則，通過爭端解決機制解決貿易糾紛等。
但目前我國中醫藥經營產權多元化與經營形式的多樣化，給中醫藥市場的監督管理帶來許多新問題。如各級中醫藥管理部門對此還缺乏全面、系統和深遠的規劃，思維方式、管理模式難以在短期內調整到位；大多數管理者尚不了解WTO法則條例、運行機制和工作規則；現行中醫藥法規體系尚不完善；我國中醫藥行業現代化、國際化水準較低，缺乏參與國際市場競爭的經驗等。
對醫療人才的影響
入世為中醫藥事業更多更好地利用國際資本、人才、技術、信息和管理規範提供了機遇，同時也對國內相關機構在人才問題上形成了衝擊。
中醫藥市場開放也將使中醫藥機構和人才面臨激烈競爭。目前，我國大多數中醫藥機構和人才對國際通行準則缺乏了解，還未學會利用國際通行準則保護自己。外國醫藥機構進入中國市場，對國內人才具有較強的吸引力，使中醫藥行業的人才，尤其是高層次人才很難穩定，國內中醫藥機構將面臨人才不足的隱患。
適應多邊貿易體制制定戰略方針
入世後，促進我國中醫藥對外貿易發展的關鍵是必須制定正確的戰略方針。根據我國中醫藥對外貿易實踐中積累的經驗教訓，我國中醫藥貿易在當今世界多邊貿易體制下必須堅持“立足國內，以內促外；因地制宜，靈活多樣；醫藥並重，相互帶動；依靠科技，雙向接軌；掌握規則，參與遊戲”的戰略方針。
立足國內，以內促外
我國是中藥的發源地，立足國內，以內促外，就要不斷深化中藥行業各項改革，大力促進國內中藥事業發展，更好地發揮中藥在為人民健康服務、為現代化建設服務中的作用。保持和增強中藥在世界天然藥物領域中的優勢，激發世界各國重視、接納和發展中藥的積極性，進一步拓展中藥企業經營國際化。
因地制宜，靈活多樣
要根據各國各地不同的文化背景、經濟發展水平以及醫療制度、醫藥市場狀況等實際狀況，因地制宜，靈活機動地開拓各國市場。對於天然藥物基礎較好的國家和經濟欠發達的發展中國家，中藥可以藥品的形式進入；對於以化學藥為主導的歐美國家和其他經濟發達國家，中藥可以保健食品及其他形式先行進入，再以藥品方式進入。同時，民間交流與合作形式多樣、限制少、立項快，在中藥對外交流與合作中一直佔有重要位置，應繼續鞏固和發展。
醫藥並重，相互帶動
中醫中藥密不可分，在走向世界的過程中應相互協調、相互促進、共同發展。通過中醫領域的對外交流與合作，促進國際市場對中藥的需求，並以其在國外的臨床實踐和基礎研究，為中藥外向型產品的研製開發提供信息，有針對性地提高我國中藥在國際醫藥市場上的競爭力。同時，中藥行業要注意調整和優化中藥出口結構，改善出口中藥質量，以質優量足的中藥產品，滿足國外中醫臨床用藥需求，為中醫在國外的進一步拓展提供物質基礎。
依靠科技，雙向接軌
中藥企業經營國際化必須依靠中藥科技進步，促進中藥現代化，提高中藥產品的科技含量。中藥科技進步，也要積極促進中藥與世界的雙向接軌，即中藥要在實行國際間通用的標準等方面不斷進行自我調適和完善，同時，也要在不失中藥本質特色的前提下，建立標準體系，並爭取得到國際上的認同。通過宣傳中藥的特點，使各國人民對經長期實踐已經證明了的中藥有效性和安全性有所認識，促進各國的醫藥法規標準和進出口政策對中藥的進入做出適當的調整。
掌握規則，參與遊戲
請進來，走出去，這是我國實行開放政策的初始情況。在多邊貿易體制下，中國最終將被徹底推上國際貿易舞台。正像人們喜歡用“遊戲規則”作比喻一樣，“在戰略上要藐視敵人”，在此心態下了解學習多邊貿易規則，掌握動作套路。不僅如此，作為政府部門，還必須爭取主動參與規則的修改和製定。
發展中醫藥國際貿易途徑和措施
中醫藥國際貿易是一項系統工程。促進和發展中醫藥對外貿易的主要途徑，必須是通過中醫藥的現代化、國際化，而現代化和國際化的主要途徑當選取重點國家為突破口，開拓西方草藥市場，並通過政府行為爭取美國接受中國中醫藥標準。如以澳大利亞為重點，藉以影響英聯邦國家；保持和全面開發原有的傳統中醫藥市場；通過援外醫療隊，逐步打開拉美和非洲的中醫藥市場；積極開發保健食品、功能性食品、保健飲料，先行佔領西方市場，改變中醫隊伍派出以對方贏利為主和中藥出口以藥材為主的結構。為達到上述目標建議採取以下措施：
加強學習，轉換觀念，提高認識，完善機制
本著長遠規劃、整體提高，在WTO運行框架下參與國際競爭、維護國家權益的原則，採取積極應對的措施，實現完善中醫藥法規、提高實力、擴大出口、規范進口、促進中醫藥國際化與現代化的目標。
加強學習調研，轉變政府職能，規範行業管理。舉辦多形式的報告會、研討班，使各級領導幹部和行業人員學習研究WTO規則。調查我國中醫藥行業整體狀況，研究入世後中醫藥事業面臨的新形勢和出現的新問題。掌握WTO成員對中醫藥的政策法規。
政府部門轉變職能，對行業管理加強宏觀調控，注重監管。確保中醫藥政策的統一性和透明度，營造統一、開放、公平、有序的市場環境。利用世界衛生組織通過傳統醫藥決議的良好契機，加強與世界衛生組織各級各地區機構和各成員國政府的合作，為中醫藥國際化發展創造良好的法規環境。
清理、修改和完善中醫藥政策法規和行業標準規範，並積極參與WTO有關規則制定的談判。根據加入WTO的要求和承諾，結合國情清理、修改和完善有關中醫藥立法，一方面停止或修改現行不符合國際慣例的規定，另一方面利用WTO保護髮展中國家的優惠待遇和例外條款，實施積極穩妥、分步開放的策略。適當、適時加強產品與服務出口、規范進口、吸引資金與人才的保護性立法。
盡快建立和完善相應的機構、機制及相關措施。積極參與目前尚不完善的規則制定或有爭議的談判，如推薦我國中醫藥專家出任專家組成員，牽頭制定常用中藥材和中成藥的質量標準體系、臨床前安全性和有效性評價體系、臨床評價體係等一系列符合中醫藥理論和國際水平的標準規範，通過雙多邊談判將標準國際化推廣，既是規范進口的技術壁壘，又可消除出口障礙。
加強中醫藥行業建設
發展科技創新體系。組織中醫藥重大課題國際合作，解決研究領域的關鍵問題，實現理論、技術創新，提高自主創新能力和國際競爭實力。
明確中醫醫療服務定位，擴大國際市場。通過深化醫療體制與機制改革、加強保護措施、吸引外資等措施，穩定發展國內醫療市場。在發展中國家投資辦醫，拓展中醫醫療服務市場。
加速企業建設與改造。立足於企業體制創新和機制創新，以科技為先導、企業為主體、市場為導向，通過企業重組、管理創新和技術創新等，培育一批技術創新、市場開拓和抵御風險能力強，有國際知名品牌，規模效益高，生產和流通組織化、國際化，有較強國際競爭實力的跨國經營中藥產業。
建立中醫、中藥行業協會與中醫師、中藥師協會，發揮非政府組織的作用，強化行業自律與維權功能。
加強中醫藥知識產權保護
要用足現行知識產權保護法規通則，認真研究確定中醫藥知識產權保護範圍，並建立知識產權保護機制。
認真研究WTO知識產權國際公約、各成員知識產權保護法規和我國頒布的一些相關條約法規，並且學會應用，從而躲避風險、尋求保護。
需加強對中醫藥著作權及其商標權、地理標誌權、工業品外觀設計權、專利權、未批露過的信息專有權保護的意識，對不同產品選擇適宜的保護措施，或採取複合保護。加強傳統知識與技術，如中藥的生產栽培採收技術、加工炮製技術、配伍、製劑進行保護的形式與措施研究。
加強人才隊伍的培養和穩定
加大人力資本投資強度，健全培訓體系，培養適應入世形勢的專業隊伍。對業務人員要強調創新意識和能力、國際法規知識的培訓。高校設置適當專業方向，培養精通國際經濟、法律和外語的複合型中醫藥人才。
提高中醫藥科技和現代化水平
提高中藥材質量。把好收購中藥材質量關，加強中藥材運輸儲存的質量管理。立法保護中藥材資源，根據資源和市場需求控制種植、採收規模及數量。規劃、建立道地名牌中藥種子及出口基地，加強中藥材優良品種選育工作及繁殖和栽培技術的推廣，建立無公害藥材生產基地。
研究改進中藥製藥工藝，促進劑型現代化。中藥的傳統劑型丸散膏丹已不適應現代人快節奏生活，要針對國際流行的劑型以及中藥特點改進中藥劑型。西方發達國家目前較流行膠囊，其次是片劑。
中藥包裝國際化。制定中成藥包裝材料、結構、容量、標誌、說明書乃至封裝方法的系列標準，使中成藥包裝既符合國際規範又具民族特色。
完善新藥開發機制，針對國際市場需要開發出口中藥。鼓勵企業建立有特色的研究機構，立法加大企業對新藥研究開發的投入，選擇有基礎的企業，建立國家、社會、科研部門各股份的新藥開發基地。
開發中藥新藥及對已有中藥進行二次開發。如美國在治療癌症、艾滋病及心血管病方面、西歐在神經性疾病、風濕關節炎、皮膚病、婦女病等方面對中藥的需求，可列為重點。
鼓勵參與國際經貿活動
注重研究中藥產品的國際營銷策略。中藥出口應以中成藥為主，半成品及中藥材為輔，徹底改變目前中藥出口以藥材為主的不合理結構，以免將來成為中藥原料出口國，中成藥進口國。
開展綠色營銷策略。研製開發綠色產品，爭取綠色標誌。
鼓勵企業進入國際大循環。如企業跨省、市兼併聯合，組建以外銷為主的中藥集團；中藥企業到海外設立分公司，從事研究開發，註冊新藥。
鼓勵與國外公司、研究機構及醫藥院校合作研究，利用其資金、技術及新藥申請經驗，將中藥引入西方。
採用一藥兩制，在國外註冊的中藥可減少味數，並仿效日本漢方製劑對症不辨證的做法，以便於國外使用。
建立國際植物藥商貿信息網絡。開闢國際中藥商貿信息交流渠道。如出版對外英文刊物；對各國醫藥法規、投資環境、市場規模、出口渠道、合作夥伴、經營程序等外貿環境進行調查研究，對國內企業提供諮詢和幫助。
重視不發達國家的醫藥醫療市場。這些國家科技、經濟相對落後，在醫藥國際貿易中的技術壁壘比發達國家低得多；同時，這類國家的傳統文化則保持得要相對完整和豐富，對作為我國優秀傳統文化組成部分的中醫藥比較容易接受，中醫中藥進入相對容易。
提高當地民眾對中醫藥認知水平
以醫帶藥，在國外設立中醫示範醫院和中醫學院，提高當地中醫水平，培養“親中醫藥派”加強中醫藥國際化人才隊伍培養，強化中醫藥翻譯工作。
加快中醫藥標準規範制定步伐
制定標準規範，與國際雙向接軌。組織專家製定中藥材質量標準；加強對中藥材炮製、加工的研究，規範炮製方法，提高炮製質量；加強中藥材出口許可證的管理，不同藥材應採取不同的政策。對資源性野生中藥材實行保護性出口，採取保護性價格。
促使中醫藥在西方國家合法化
整體有序開展對外合作，按國別、地區確定戰略，選擇合作領域。利用一切機會向各國政府有關部門宣傳介紹我國中醫藥管理等各制度及標準，讓各國政府了解中醫藥管理。
加強與國外中醫及與各種中醫團體的合作，支持他們爭取合法化。
制定政策保障中醫藥國際貿易。提高中藥企業領導國際競爭意識。
為促進中藥企業經營國際化，應組織研究、制定一系列配套政策。
注意知識產權保護。鼓勵中藥企業到國外申請專利、商標。建議國家有關部門對中藥知識產權設專題以研究。
強化開展中醫藥服務和技術貿易。設立專門機構對服務行業和技術轉化行業進行統籌安排。各地也應設立對口的業務部門，以促進地方的行業發展，逐步建立規範的、全國統一的服務市場與技術市場體系和競爭秩序，達到保護公眾利益的目的。從政策名義上肯定中醫藥服務貿易和技術貿易，鼓勵個人或企業嘗試經營服務貿易和技術貿易。
根據國情，有選擇、有步驟、有條件地開放我國中醫藥服務市場和技術市場的戰略。
加大改革力度，政府部門對於這兩項貿易的經營者給予有期限的傾斜政策。
加快和完善服務行業和技術行業的立法進程，維護法律的神聖尊嚴，做到有法必依、嚴格執法。在法制環境中擴大中醫藥服務貿易和技術貿易的出口。
盡快培養一批德才兼備的人才，以適應開展中醫藥服務貿易和技術貿易的需求。服務貿易是一場以無形商品作為媒介的“戰爭”，歸根結底是人才素質的競爭。為此，要繼續積極調整大中專院校的專業設置，培養大批管理、財務、計算機和為中醫藥國際服務貿易決策的優秀人才。
Traditional Chinese Medicine in international trade of multilateral trade rules to be followed
Food Business Network 2010-03-08 15:56:00
● China's Traditional Chinese Medicine trade in today's world we must adhere to the multilateral trading system, "based on domestic and promote within the outer; local conditions, flexible and diverse; medicine equal emphasis on each drive; relying on science and technology, two-way integration; to master the rules of the game" of strategic policy.
● Chinese medicine the main way of foreign trade through the modernization of Chinese medicine, international, to select the priority countries as a breakthrough point, open up the western herbal medicine market, and through government action towards internationally accepted standards of Chinese medicine.
WTO accession for Chinese medicine provides a global market, a stable and transparent and predictable multilateral trading system, regulate the production and trade rules, in line with the development of the long-term interests of the pharmaceutical industry. However, current policies and regulations of Chinese medicine, industry capability and operating concepts to dock with the international rules will be some inappropriate questions, and even create friction and conflict.
WTO accession has also brought pressure to broaden the market
The size of the impact on the market
Generally speaking, Chinese medicine trade, China's accession to the WTO has provided a broad international market, open to the world China's domestic market.
Of health care services, for example, at present, in addition to Asian countries belong to the traditional Chinese medicine market, Europe and the United States and other countries of Chinese medicine is also being widely used. The existing Chinese medicine clinics such as the UK 3000, only London that is, 1000; the Netherlands has 1,500 TCM clinics, 4,000 were engaged in general practice medical services. Overseas Chinese medical services have less investment, high technology, the cycle is short, high-yield characteristics of accession to the WTO, will have a broader global market, traditional Chinese medicine products and services are expected to equal access to all the members of the market, and further accelerate the Pharmaceutical process of integration into the world medical system.
However, the current Chinese medicine in many countries has not yet been legally recognized, the current industry standard has not yet become the international standard, to within a short time and quickly occupied the international market more difficult. At the same time, the developed countries to China joint venture, cooperation, do Chinese medicine hospital, their management, technology, human resources, capital and marketing strategies has strong market competitiveness, but also put some pressure on. Moreover, with the decline in drug import tariffs, import medicine will be diverted to the domestic pharmaceutical market, the phenomenon of Western herbal imports will continue to grow, the Chinese medicine occupy the domestic market will be, directly or indirectly challenges.
Product and service quality of
Traditional Chinese Medicine of China's accession to the WTO to strengthen their capacity-building to create the conditions, but also traditional Chinese medicine products and services to put forward higher requirements.
Opening up trade in medical services is conducive to the introduction of advanced medical technology and equipment, scientific management mode, more domestic and foreign capital, the introduction of orderly competition. Co-operation through joint ventures, restructuring restructuring, mergers and other forms combined, improve, transform and improve the level of Chinese medical institutions, and gradually form a public medical institutions as the main body, a variety of ownership forms and management methods exist, fair competition and common development of Chinese medicine medical service system. WTO non-discrimination principle and the principle of fair competition, so that Chinese medicine enterprises to compete internationally on an equal footing and seek development opportunities. States the technical requirements for imported drugs, will contribute to the improvement of national Chinese medicine industrial technology and mature.
However, we must see that China's long-closed Chinese medical industry development, health resource allocation and medical fees in areas such as irrational phenomena, such as capital to enter the medical services industry, barriers still exist in many places, in order to highlight the phenomenon of drugs to support medical. And further opening up the health care market, Chinese-foreign joint cooperative medical institutions and competition among public medical institutions, which may cause the rigid part of the mechanism of public hospitals at a disadvantage, break up, change property rights, in varying degrees affect the whole health system's stability.
Enterprise is a traditional Chinese medicine industry, modern, large-scale, group-oriented production capacity and international, network marketing, lack of capacity and international competitiveness is not enough. TCM diagnostic criteria, efficacy criteria for judging the clinical drug safety evaluation standards for traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical production quality control standards have not yet become an international standard, traditional Chinese medicine for functional food technical standards with international standards, there is some discrepancy. These are not suited to the situation with the accession to the WTO, if not adjusted, reform and improvement in international competition by the impact, or even eliminated.
Of government actions, laws, regulations and industry standards for the construction of
Entry into the WTO in international trade for Chinese medicine, has won a stable, transparent and predictable multilateral trade protection mechanism, but also on government actions, laws, regulations and industry standards to bring the building of the corresponding pressure.
Under the WTO principle of transparency, national trade policy and government management practices should be transparent, WTO members should stop with all legal provisions contrary to the principle. This requires that the pharmaceutical industry to transform government functions, and regulate government behavior, laws and regulations to accelerate construction, improve the regulatory regime.
As our country in the pharmaceutical industry accounted for a leading position, as a WTO member, but also seek to develop standards, guidelines initiative. The use of products and services, such as access restrictions, product technology and quality standards; rational use of anti-dumping, countervailing and exceptions to such protection, security measures; to strengthen IPR protection of Chinese medicine to maintain the traditional Chinese medicine in the world's leading position in the field of medicine; the use of consultations coordination principles, through the dispute settlement mechanism to resolve trade disputes.
But Chinese medicine has a diversified business ownership and management forms of diversity to the supervision and management in the pharmaceutical market has brought many new problems. Management departments at all levels of Chinese medicine, such as this still lack a comprehensive, systematic and far-reaching plan, ways of thinking, management is difficult in the short term adjustments in place; the majority of managers do not yet know WTO rules regulations, operational mechanisms and work rules; to the current pharmaceutical regulatory system is not yet perfect; China's modernization of the Chinese medicine industry and international standards relatively low, the lack of participation in international competition experience.
The impact on medical personnel
WTO accession for Chinese medicine, the cause of more and better use of international capital, talent, technology, information and management standards provides opportunities as well as domestic-related institutions in the formation of the impact on personnel issues.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese medicine market opening will also enable agencies and professionals faced with fierce competition. At present, the majority of our Chinese medicine institutions and human capital to the lack of understanding of internationally accepted norms have not yet learned the use of internationally accepted norms to protect themselves. Foreign medical institutions enter the Chinese market, domestic talent has a strong attraction to people in the pharmaceutical industry, especially high-level talent is difficult to stabilize the domestic Chinese medicine institutions will face a shortage of talent hidden.
To adapt to the multilateral trading system and to develop strategic approaches
After accession to the WTO, promoting foreign trade of China's key to the development of Chinese medicine is the need to develop the right strategic approach. According to China's foreign trade in the practice of Chinese medicine has accumulated experience and lessons, Chinese medicine trade in the multilateral trading system in the world today, must adhere to the "basis of domestic resources and promote within the outer; local conditions, flexible and diverse; medicine equal emphasis on each drive; relying on science and technology, bi-directional integration ; to master the rules of the game "of strategic policy.
Relying on domestic resources to promote within the outer
China is the birthplace of traditional Chinese medicine, based on domestic and external promotion within, we should deepen the reform of Chinese medicine sector, vigorously promote the domestic development of the cause of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine for the better play to people's health services for the modernization of the role. To maintain and enhance the traditional Chinese medicine in the world the advantages of the field of natural medicine to stimulate the world attention, acceptance and enthusiasm for the development of Chinese medicine, further expanding the internationalization of Chinese medicine business.
Local conditions, flexible and diverse
According to various countries around the different cultural background, economic development level and the health care system, pharmaceutical market conditions, the actual situation, local conditions, flexibility to open up their markets. Better foundation for the natural medicines of economically less developed countries and developing countries, in the form of medicines and herbs can be entered; for the chemical drugs as the leading European and American countries and other economically developed countries, Chinese medicine can be health food and other forms of first entry, and then to drugs enter. At the same time, non-governmental exchanges and cooperation in various forms, few limits to project quickly, foreign exchanges and cooperation in traditional Chinese medicine has always occupied an important position, should continue to consolidate and develop.
Medicine equal emphasis on each drive
Chinese medicine are inseparable, in the process to the world should coordinate with each other to promote common development. Through the Chinese foreign exchange and cooperation in the field to promote the international market demand for traditional Chinese medicine and its clinical practice in foreign countries and basic research, for traditional Chinese medicine research and development of export-oriented products to provide information, targeted to raise China's traditional Chinese medicine in the international pharmaceutical market competitiveness. Meanwhile, the Chinese medicine industry should pay attention to adjust and optimize the export structure of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality of exports to high quality, full-measure of Chinese medicine products to meet the clinical use of drugs overseas Chinese demand for Chinese medicine in foreign countries to provide the material basis for further expansion.
Relying on science and technology, bi-directional integration
The internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine business must rely on scientific and technological progress of Chinese medicine to promote the modernization of Chinese medicine to improve the technological content of traditional Chinese medicine products. Scientific and technological progress of Chinese medicine, but also actively promote two-way integration with the world of Chinese medicine, that medicine should be in the implementation of international common standards in areas such as self-adjust and improve the same time, but also in features without losing the essence of traditional Chinese medicine under the premise of the establishment of standards for system, and to gain the international recognition. The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine through advocacy, so that people of all countries through long-term practice of Chinese medicine has proven efficacy and safety have a better understanding and promoting the medical regulations and standards, import and export policies on the entry of Chinese medicine and make appropriate adjustments.
To master the rules of the game
Please come in, going out, and this is the initial situation of the implementation of open-door policy. In the multilateral trading system, China will eventually be completely onto the international trade arena. Just as people like to use "rules of the game" as a metaphor, like "contempt for the enemy strategically, we should" learn to learn in this mentality of multilateral trade rules, control action routine. Not only that, as a government department, must also strive for active participation and formulation of amendments to the rules.
The development of Chinese medicine ways and measures of international trade
Traditional Chinese Medicine International trade is a systematic project. For the promotion and development of Chinese medicine major means of foreign trade must be through the Chinese medicine modernization, internationalization, and the modernization and internationalization of the main ways to make a breakthrough when the select key countries, open up the western herbal medicine market, and through government action towards the United States to accept Chinese the standard of Chinese medicine. If the focus of Australia in order to affect the Commonwealth countries; to maintain and the original full-scale development of traditional Chinese medicine market; through foreign aid teams, and gradually open the Latin America and Africa, the Chinese medicine market; actively developing health food, functional food, health beverage in advance of occupation of the Western market and change the Chinese team sent to the other profit-based medicine and Chinese medicine export to the main structure. To achieve the above objectives recommended the following measures:
Enhance learning, transform ideas, raise awareness, improve the mechanism
With long-term planning, the overall increase in operating within the framework of WTO to participate in international competition and the principle of safeguarding national rights and interests and take an active response measures to achieve the perfect medicine and regulations, improve strength, increase exports, regulate the import, promote the internationalization of Chinese medicine and the goal of modernization.
Enhance learning research, transformation of government functions and to regulate trade management. Organized in various forms of lectures, seminars, and industry leading cadres at all levels to learn about research WTO rules. Investigate the overall situation of China's TCM industry to study the post-WTO Chinese medicine business is facing a new situation and new problems. WTO members to master Chinese medicine policies and regulations.
Changes in the functions of government departments, to strengthen macro-control sector management, focusing on supervision. Medicines Policy to ensure that the consistency and transparency, and create a unified, open, fair and orderly market environment. WHO, through the use of traditional medicine, the resolution as a good opportunity to strengthen regional institutions at all levels with the WHO and the member governments of the cooperation, international development of Chinese medicine to create a favorable regulatory environment.
Clean-up, modify and improve the policies and regulations of Chinese medicine and industry standard specifications, and actively participate in the relevant WTO rule-making negotiations. According to the requirements of accession to WTO and commitment, combined with national conditions and clean up, modify and perfect the relevant legislation on Chinese medicine, on the one hand to stop or amend the existing provisions are not in line with international practice, on the other hand the use of WTO to protect developing countries preferential treatment and exceptions to the implementation of actively and steadily, step by step opening up strategy. Appropriate, timely products and services to enhance exports, regulate imports, to attract capital and talent of protective legislation.
As soon as possible to establish and improve relevant institutions, mechanisms and related initiatives. Actively involved in rule-making is not yet complete or controversial negotiations, such as Chinese medicine experts recommend China as members of the Group led the development of commonly used herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicine quality standards, safety and effectiveness of pre-clinical evaluation system for clinical evaluation system and a series of in line with the level of Chinese medicine theory and international standards and norms, through multilateral negotiations of the standard pairs of international promotion, both regulate the technical barriers to imports, but also to eliminate barriers to exports.
To strengthen the building of the pharmaceutical industry
The development of technology innovation system. Organization of Chinese medicine major issues of international cooperation to address the key issues in areas of research to realize the theory, technological innovation, enhance the independent innovation capacity and international competitiveness.
Chinese medical services specifically targeted to expand the international market. By deepening the reform of the health care system and mechanism to enhance the protection measures to attract foreign investment and other measures to stabilize the development of domestic medical market. Invest in developing countries to do medicine, Chinese medicine to expand the medical services market.
Accelerate the construction and transformation of enterprises. Based on the enterprise system innovation and mechanism innovation, science and technology as the guide, enterprises and market-oriented, through corporate restructuring, management innovation and technological innovation, foster a number of technological innovation, market development and the ability to withstand risks, there are world-renowned brand, scale-efficient production and circulation of organized and international, with strong international competitive power of transnational operations of Chinese medicine industry.
The establishment of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine industry associations and Chinese medicine practitioners, pharmacists associations, to play the role of non-governmental organizations, and strengthen industry self-regulation and rights protection capabilities.
Chinese Medicine to strengthen the protection of intellectual property
The existing intellectual property protection laws and regulations have to use the general rules of careful study to determine the scope of protection of intellectual property rights of Chinese medicine and the establishment of intellectual property rights protection mechanisms.
Seriously study the WTO intellectual property rights international conventions, members of the protection of intellectual property laws and treaties China has promulgated a number of related laws and regulations, and learn to use, thus avoiding the risk, to seek protection.
Copyright of Chinese medicine should be strengthened and its trademarks, geographical indications rights, industrial designs, patents, undisclosed information had exclusive rights protection awareness of the different products to choose the appropriate protection measures, or to take complex protection . The strengthening of traditional knowledge and technologies, such as the production of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation harvesting techniques, processing cooked technology, compatibility, preparation and measures of protection in the form of research.
Strengthen personnel training and the stability
Increase investment in human capital intensity, a sound training system, training to adapt to the situation in the professional ranks of accession to the WTO. To operational staff would like to emphasize innovation awareness and capacity, knowledge and training in international law. Colleges and universities to set the appropriate professional orientation and training versed in international economic, legal and foreign language professionals of Chinese medicine compound.
To raise the level of medical technology and modernization
To improve the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. A good job of acquisition of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines to enhance the quality of Chinese herbal medicines shipment, storage, management. Legislation to protect traditional Chinese medicine resources, based on the resource and market demand control of the cultivation, harvest size and quantity. Planning, the establishment of genuine brand-name seeds and export base of Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal medicine to strengthen the work of fine breeding and breeding and cultivation techniques to promote the establishment of pollution-free medicine production base.
Pharmaceutical technology research to improve and promote the modernization formulations. Traditional Chinese medicine formulations Wan San Tan cream no longer meet the modern fast-paced life, it is necessary for the formulation of international popular features to improve medicine, Chinese medicine formulations. Western developed countries is currently more popular capsule, followed by the tablet.
Chinese medicine packaging internationalization. Development of Chinese medicine packaging materials, structure, capacity, signs, brochures and even the packaging method of a series of standards, so that Chinese medicine packaging in compliance with international regulations are a national identity.
Improve the drug development mechanisms for the international market, exports of traditional Chinese medicine needs to be developed. Encourage enterprises to establish a unique research institutions, legislation to increase business investment in new drug research and development, select-based enterprise, the establishment of national, social, and scientific research departments of all shares of new drug development base.
Development of new drugs and traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese medicine have been carried out on the secondary development. Like the United States in the treatment of cancer, AIDS and cardiovascular diseases in Western Europe in the neurological disease, rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, women's diseases in terms of demand for traditional Chinese medicine may be a priority.
Encourage participation in international trade and economic activities
Pay attention to research on Chinese products in the international marketing strategies. Export of Chinese medicine should be based on proprietary Chinese medicine-based, semi-finished products, and medicines, giving the export of Chinese medicine in order to completely change the current irrational structure-based medicine in order to avoid in the future as a Chinese medicine raw material exporting country, Chinese medicine importer.
To carry out the green marketing strategies. Research and development of green products, fight for the green flag.
To encourage enterprises to enter the international circle. Such as Enterprise provinces, municipalities merged union, the formation of export-orientated Chinese medicine group; traditional Chinese medicine companies to set up branches overseas to engage in research and development, registration of new drugs.
Encourage cooperation with foreign companies, research institutions and medical institutions to research, the use of its funds, technology and experience in new drug application will be the introduction of Western medicine.
Two systems use a medicine, Chinese medicine registration in foreign countries can reduce the number of flavor, and follow the example of Japanese Kampo formulations symptomatic non-dialectical approach, in order to facilitate the use of foreign countries.
Establishment of an international herbal trade information network. To open up a Chinese medicine business information exchange channels. Such as the publication of foreign English publications; pairs of countries in medicine and regulations, investment environment, market size, export channels, partners, operating procedures of foreign trade investigation and study environment for domestic enterprises to provide advice and assistance.
Importance of non-medical health care market in developed countries. The National Science and Technology, the economy is relatively backward, in the pharmaceutical technical barriers in international trade are much lower than developed countries; the same time, these countries are keeping their traditional culture, it is relatively complete and rich as China's outstanding traditional culture on the part of the more receptive to Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine is relatively easy to enter.
Increase local people's level of knowledge of Chinese medicine
To doctors with drugs, traditional Chinese medicine model set up in foreign hospitals and in the Faculty of Medicine, raise the level of the local Chinese medicine, developing a "pro-medicine school" to strengthen the internationalization of Chinese medicine personnel training, to strengthen Chinese medicine translation work.
Standards and norms to speed up the development pace of Chinese medicine
Development of standards and norms with the international bi-directional integration. Experts to develop quality standards for Chinese herbal medicines; strengthen traditional Chinese medicine processing, processing, research, standardized processing methods to improve the quality of cooked; to strengthen the management of traditional Chinese medicine export licenses, different medicinal herbs should be taken to different policies. Chinese herbal medicines on the wild resource to implement protective exports, to take protective price.
To promote the legalization of Chinese medicine in Western countries
Overall orderly cooperation with foreign countries, by country, region to determine strategies to choose areas of cooperation. Using every opportunity to give publicity to national government departments of the Chinese Medicine in China and other systems and standards to enable Governments to understand the Chinese Medicine.
Strengthen ties with overseas Chinese medicine practitioners and the cooperation with various Chinese organizations to support their fight for legalization.
Develop policies to protect Chinese medicine international trade. Help improving the awareness of business leaders in international competition.
To promote the internationalization of Chinese medicine business, research should be organized to develop a series of supporting policies.
Attention to intellectual property protection. To encourage foreign enterprises to apply for medicine patents, trademarks. Recommends that national authorities set up special intellectual property rights of traditional Chinese medicine to study.
Strengthen the conduct of Chinese medicine services, and technology trade. The establishment of specialized agencies for the services sector and the overall arrangements for technology transfer industries. Counterparts should also be set up around the business sector to promote local development of the industry, and gradually establish a standardized, nationally unified market and technology market system and competition in order to protect the public interest purposes. From the policy name to acknowledge the medicine trade in services and technology trade, encouraging individuals and businesses try to operate trade in services and technology trade.
According to national conditions, there are options, step by step, the conditional opening of China's medicine market and technology market strategy.
Intensify reform, government departments of trade for these two operators for a period of preferential policies.
To speed up and improve the service sector and technology industry, the legislative process to safeguard the sacred dignity of the law, so that the law must be strict enforcement of law. In the legal environment, the expansion of Chinese medicine trade in services and technology trade exports.
As quickly as possible a group of competent and honest personnel to meet the needs in Chinese medicine trade in services and technology trade needs. Trade in services is an intangible commodities as a media "war" in the final analysis, the quality of talent competition. To this end, we must continue to actively adjust the settings of professional colleges and training a large number of management, finance, computers, and international trade in services for Chinese medicine, the decision-making talents.
中醫藥國際貿易應遵循多邊貿易規則
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