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150多名浙江疾控专家聚首 拟定六大疾病防控策略 艾滋病等提上议程
浙江在线健康网 health.zjol.com.cn 2010年03月08日
浙江在线健康网3月8日讯(通讯员施水泉 王秀萍) 3月6日至7日，浙江省疾控中心、杭州市疾控中心和大杭州范围的15个区、县(市)及地区疾控中心10多专业的150多名疾控重点学科专家，在桐庐聚首，共同研讨当前疾病防控的主攻方向和突破口。在二天的论坛中，专家们就当前公共卫生均等化、疾病防控与精神卫生策略、食品安全、职业病、艾滋病和医院感染等六大热点和难点问题进行深入探讨，并制定详细的应对策略。
城乡居民获得公共卫生服务均等只能是大体相等，而不是绝对相等
专家们认为,在目前各地区还是财政分灶吃饭和各地经济发展极不平衡的情况下，均等只能是最低标准的大体相等，而不是绝对相等。因为绝对相等既不可能，也无必要。他认为均等化是一个动态过程，最低标准应随着财政经济情况而有所调整。也就是说，不同的财政经济水平，应有不用的最低标准。但是最终为大致均等(包括质量与数量)。
浙江省疾控中心主任丛黎明介绍说，浙江省公共卫生服务均等化项目从数量上与内容上多于全国:如国家基本公共卫生服务项目共有九项；浙江省基本公共卫生服务项目有三大类十二项；国家重大公共卫生服务项目共六项；浙江省重大公共卫生服务项目共十三项。
杭州市疾病预防控制中心主任赵国秋正在进行心理干预
任何一个慢性非传染性疾病均与心理健康问题有关
杭州市疾病预防控制中心主任赵国秋指出，在生物-社会-心理的疾病模式发生改变情况，杭州市的疾病谱发生明显变化，慢性病占到市民所有疾病的80%，而人群死亡原因80%也是慢性病的直接或间接结果。专家认为，包括精神疾病、心理行为问题在内的所有心理健康问题都属于慢性非传染性疾病的范畴；而另一方面，任何一个慢性非传染性疾病的发生、发展、转归、预后均与心理健康问题有关。慢性非传染性疾病中的行为因素；超过一半的死亡均与健康危险行为有关；吸烟是首当其冲的危险行为；身体运动不足和不健康饮食模式则是死亡的第二位行为学因素。
慢性病中的社会因素可能通过增加健康危险行为导致疾病的发生，也有的是通过压力调制作用导致生理功能的改变。研究表明：婚姻压力水平是女性冠心病的高危因素；工作压力水平是男性冠心病的高危因素。
慢性病的防控，心理精神因素也起到重要的作用。如高血压、糖尿病等慢性必须终生服药，有些人就是抱着侥倖心理，没能身体反应就不按时吃药，结果酿成死人的悲剧。
意外伤害，如自杀等突发事件，与心理沉重的压力有关。杭州某小学，最近发生一起小学生跳轻生事件。说明人群过激行为发生时间大大提前。值得高度关注。学生心理健康问题形势严峻：小学生心理行为问题的发生率多在10%~25%左右；中学生心理行为问题的检出率在13.39%~38.36%之间；调查显示,有16.5 %的学生有中度以上的心理问题。
可以毫不夸张地说，心理卫生已贯串到疾控控制的所有病种。
艾滋病疫情很可能是“冰山一角”
浙江省疾控中心艾滋病防制所潘晓红所长指出，现在全省与全市的艾滋病防控形势确实十分的严峻，我省几乎每天都有一个新的艾滋病感染者出现。艾滋病感染的可能性已从高危行为(如卖淫嫖娼、静脉吸毒、地下卖血等)发展到正常的配偶之间。在艾滋病病毒感染者的调查中发现,40%左右的配偶也先后出现感染情况.一个值得重视的问题是,男男同性恋感染情况直线上升,从几年前一个百分点、二个百分点……,上升到现在的19%.这个被称为”男同”现象引起全省的警惕.由于同性恋不受法律的保护,我们对此的干预和控制的策略需要很好的研究.
专家认为,我们应当很好清醒地认识到,现在的全国或全省、全市的艾滋病感染报告数与病人的死亡数,有如大水源的上游和下游的水”龙头”下滴的水珠,实际的感染数可能大大超过报告数。
针对目前的状况，我省提出应对“1+2+3”控制策略：
策略1，针对一般人群：关注安全的健康教育-减少危险行为；降低恐惧与歧视-促进检测和感染者关怀。
策略2，针对高危人群：行为干预；HIV检测与咨询。
策略3，针对HIV阳性人群：防止把HIV传给别人；对感染者和病人进行及时治疗。
食品安全，疾控部门要练就一双“火眼金睛”
浙江省疾控中心理化实验科任一平主任指出，食品安全，其实就是一场高科技的较量。不法商人为了提高食品的经济价值，应用“科技手段”，不惜以损害人民健康和生命的代价来达到这一目的。作为疾控部门，是政府机构的技术支撑单位，应当有一双过硬的“火眼金睛”，利用尖端的技术及时识别这些有害于人民身体健康的危险食品，有条件的疾控机构的检测部门应当配备能够正确监测食品中有毒有害物质的高科技的液相质谱仪和气相质谱检测仪器，正确无误地分析出食品中可能含有的有害有毒成分。为政府的决策提供技术依据。
专家认为,市民对农药和食品添加剂千万不要到达谈之色变的程度,农药和食品添加剂还是需要用的,关键是达到安全的程度。建议吃季节菜,不要吃反季节菜,反季节菜因为要抗病虫害,所施的农药就会超标,残留量会大大增加。食品添加剂,只要是合法的,量在国家允许范围内是安全的,而非法添加剂则是危险的.作为市民,要留意并了解国家定期公布的非法添加物的名单.目前,国家已公布了三批非法添加剂量的名单。 不要吃野生动物！特别是蛇和青蛙。据对野生蛇进行监测,在所解剖三条蛇中每条都有裂头蚴寄生虫(形如白色线条状),最多的一条体内竟有99条裂头蚴,由于一般的烹饪方法不能将杀死,贪食者很有可能在眼部或脑部等人体重要脏器发生占位性病变(虫体寄生发育生长所造成),而影响健康。
疾控中心人员对蛇进行解剖 最多的一条体内竟有99条裂头蚴寄生虫
职业病的防控，从业者要提高自我保护意识
杭州市疾控中心职业与环境卫生所所长张磊博士介绍说据粗略估算，每年我国因职业病、工伤事故产生的直接经济损失达1000亿元，间接经济损失2000亿元。张博士对从事职业性工种的普通市民和外来民工建议:
你所从事的职业工种之前,一定要了解清楚,这个工种有究竟哪些职业性危害,工作前要与这些单位联系,先做一个体检,如果这些企业不同意,即使自费也要做,以取得必要的证据.在离开这一岗位时,也要进行相应的体检,以掌握在这段时间内,是否患了上职业疾病,根据职业病防治法相关条例通过一定的法律途径进行赔偿.职业从业者也可向专业机构进行咨询,以加强这方面的自我保护的本领。
我们决不允许”开膛剖腹”的取得证据的悲剧再次发生,但职业从业者也要加强自我保护意识。
医院感染，在新形势下更要重视手的清洁
杭州市疾控中心消毒与虫媒防制所所长倪小平指出，一个人到医院后,很可能回家得上某一疾病,也可能使医院内的某个被他探望的病人病情加重了。其中很可能是出在手的问题上。手会传播哪些疾病些,主要有:腹泻；急性呼吸道感染(如甲流等)；肠道寄生虫感染(蛔虫、鞭虫)；皮肤感染(疖)；眼部感染(颗粒性结膜炎)。
医院感染方式有三种，直接传染占90%，飞沫传播占9%,空气传播占1%。由手引起的直接传染最主要。为此专家建议:
每一位上医院的人,能在进入医院前,特别是病房前要规范洗手,离开医院前也要洗净手。
医院要尽可能多地配备洗手的设施.以方便市民洗手洗净手。
150多名浙江疾控專家聚首擬定六大疾病防控策略艾滋病等提上議程
浙江在線健康網health.zjol.com.cn 2010年03月08日
浙江在線健康網3月8日訊(通訊員施水泉王秀萍) 3月6日至7日，浙江省疾控中心、杭州市疾控中心和大杭州範圍的15個區、縣(市)及地區疾控中心10多專業的150多名疾控重點學科專家，在桐廬聚首，共同研討當前疾病防控的主攻方向和突破口。在二天的論壇中，專家們就當前公共衛生均等化、疾病防控與精神衛生策略、食品安全、職業病、艾滋病和醫院感染等六大熱點和難點問題進行深入探討，並製定詳細的應對策略。
城鄉居民獲得公共衛生服務均等只能是大體相等，而不是絕對相等
專家們認為,在目前各地區還是財政分灶吃飯和各地經濟發展極不平衡的情況下，均等只能是最低標準的大體相等，而不是絕對相等。因為絕對相等既不可能，也無必要。他認為均等化是一個動態過程，最低標準應隨著財政經濟情況而有所調整。也就是說，不同的財政經濟水平，應有不用的最低標準。但是最終為大致均等(包括質量與數量)。
浙江省疾控中心主任叢黎明介紹說，浙江省公共衛生服務均等化項目從數量上與內容上多於全國:如國家基本公共衛生服務項目共有九項；浙江省基本公共衛生服務項目有三大類十二項；國家重大公共衛生服務項目共六項；浙江省重大公共衛生服務項目共十三項。
杭州市疾病預防控制中心主任趙國秋正在進行心理干預
任何一個慢性非傳染性疾病均與心理健康問題有關
杭州市疾病預防控制中心主任趙國秋指出，在生物-社會-心理的疾病模式發生改變情況，杭州市的疾病譜發生明顯變化，慢性病占到市民所有疾病的80%，而人群死亡原因80%也是慢性病的直接或間接結果。專家認為，包括精神疾病、心理行為問題在內的所有心理健康問題都屬於慢性非傳染性疾病的範疇；而另一方面，任何一個慢性非傳染性疾病的發生、發展、轉歸、預後均與心理健康問題有關。慢性非傳染性疾病中的行為因素；超過一半的死亡均與健康危險行為有關；吸煙是首當其衝的危險行為；身體運動不足和不健康飲食模式則是死亡的第二位行為學因素。
慢性病中的社會因素可能通過增加健康危險行為導致疾病的發生，也有的是通過壓力調製作用導致生理功能的改變。研究表明：婚姻壓力水平是女性冠心病的高危因素；工作壓力水平是男性冠心病的高危因素。
慢性病的防控，心理精神因素也起到重要的作用。如高血壓、糖尿病等慢性必須終生服藥，有些人就是抱著僥倖心理，沒能身體反應就不按時吃藥，結果釀成死人的悲劇。
意外傷害，如自殺等突發事件，與心理沉重的壓力有關。杭州某小學，最近發生一起小學生跳輕生事件。說明人群過激行為發生時間大大提前。值得高度關注。學生心理健康問題形勢嚴峻：小學生心理行為問題的發生率多在10%~25%左右；中學生心理行為問題的檢出率在13.39%~38.36%之間；調查顯示,有16.5 %的學生有中度以上的心理問題。
可以毫不誇張地說，心理衛生已貫串到疾控控制的所有病種。
艾滋病疫情很可能是“冰山一角”
浙江省疾控中心艾滋病防制所潘曉紅所長指出，現在全省與全市的艾滋病防控形勢確實十分的嚴峻，我省幾乎每天都有一個新的艾滋病感染者出現。艾滋病感染的可能性已從高危行為(如賣淫嫖娼、靜脈吸毒、地下賣血等)發展到正常的配偶之間。在艾滋病病毒感染者的調查中發現,40%左右的配偶也先後出現感染情況.一個值得重視的問題是,男男同性戀感染情況直線上升,從幾年前一個百分點、二個百分點……,上升到現在的19%.這個被稱為”男同”現象引起全省的警惕.由於同性戀不受法律的保護,我們對此的干預和控制的策略需要很好的研究.
專家認為,我們應當很好清醒地認識到,現在的全國或全省、全市的艾滋病感染報告數與病人的死亡數,有如大水源的上游和下游的水”龍頭”下滴的水珠,實際的感染數可能大大超過報告數。
針對目前的狀況，我省提出應對“1+2+3”控制策略：
策略1，針對一般人群：關注安全的健康教育-減少危險行為；降低恐懼與歧視-促進檢測和感染者關懷。
策略2，針對高危人群：行為乾預；HIV檢測與諮詢。
策略3，針對HIV陽性人群：防止把HIV傳給別人；對感染者和病人進行及時治療。
食品安全，疾控部門要練就一雙“火眼金睛”
浙江省疾控中心理化實驗科任一平主任指出，食品安全，其實就是一場高科技的較量。不法商人為了提高食品的經濟價值，應用“科技手段”，不惜以損害人民健康和生命的代價來達到這一目的。作為疾控部門，是政府機構的技術支撐單位，應當有一雙過硬的“火眼金睛”，利用尖端的技術及時識別這些有害於人民身體健康的危險食品，有條件的疾控機構的檢測部門應當配備能夠正確監測食品中有毒有害物質的高科技的液相質譜儀和氣相質譜檢測儀器，正確無誤地分析出食品中可能含有的有害有毒成分。為政府的決策提供技術依據。
專家認為,市民對農藥和食品添加劑千萬不要到達談之色變的程度,農藥和食品添加劑還是需要用的,關鍵是達到安全的程度。建議吃季節菜,不要吃反季節菜,反季節菜因為要抗病蟲害,所施的農藥就會超標,殘留量會大大增加。食品添加劑,只要是合法的,量在國家允許範圍內是安全的,而非法添加劑則是危險的.作為市民,要留意並了解國家定期公佈的非法添加物的名單.目前,國家已公佈了三批非法添加劑量的名單。 不要吃野生動物！特別是蛇和青蛙。據對野生蛇進行監測,在所解剖三條蛇中每條都有裂頭蚴寄生蟲(形如白色線條狀),最多的一條體內竟有99條裂頭蚴,由於一般的烹飪方法不能將殺死,貪食者很有可能在眼部或腦部等人體重要臟器發生佔位性病變(蟲體寄生髮育生長所造成),而影響健康。
疾控中心人員對蛇進行解剖最多的一條體內竟有99條裂頭蚴寄生蟲
職業病的防控，從業者要提高自我保護意識
杭州市疾控中心職業與環境衛生所所長張磊博士介紹說據粗略估算，每年我國因職業病、工傷事故產生的直接經濟損失達1000億元，間接經濟損失2000億元。張博士對從事職業性工種的普通市民和外來民工建議:
你所從事的職業工種之前,一定要了解清楚,這個工種有究竟哪些職業性危害,工作前要與這些單位聯繫,先做一個體檢,如果這些企業不同意,即使自費也要做,以取得必要的證據.在離開這一崗位時,也要進行相應的體檢,以掌握在這段時間內,是否患了上職業疾病,根據職業病防治法相關條例通過一定的法律途徑進行賠償.職業從業者也可向專業機構進行諮詢,以加強這方面的自我保護的本領。
我們決不允許”開膛剖腹”的取得證據的悲劇再次發生,但職業從業者也要加強自我保護意識。
醫院感染，在新形勢下更要重視手的清潔
杭州市疾控中心消毒與蟲媒防制所所長倪小平指出，一個人到醫院後,很可能回家得上某一疾病,也可能使醫院內的某個被他探望的病人病情加重了。其中很可能是出在手的問題上。手會傳播哪些疾病些,主要有:腹瀉；急性呼吸道感染(如甲流等)；腸道寄生蟲感染(蛔蟲、鞭蟲)；皮膚感染(癤)；眼部感染(顆粒性結膜炎)。
醫院感染方式有三種，直接傳染佔90%，飛沫傳播佔9%,空氣傳播佔1%。由手引起的直接傳染最主要。為此專家建議:
每一位上醫院的人,能在進入醫院前,特別是病房前要規範洗手,離開醫院前也要洗淨手。
醫院要盡可能多地配備洗手的設施.以方便市民洗手洗淨手。
來源： 浙江在線健康網作者： 施水泉王秀萍編輯： 王秀萍
More than 150 experts gathered in Zhejiang disease control strategy for development of six major diseases such as AIDS prevention and control put on the agenda
Zhejiang Online Health Network health.zjol.com.cn 2010 Nian 03 Yue 08 Ri
Zhejiang Online Health Network News March 8 (correspondent Shi springs Xiu-Ping Wang) 6 to 7 March, CDC, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and large range of 15 districts and counties (cities) and regional CDC more than 10 professional key disciplines of more than 150 disease control experts in Tonglu gather together to discuss the main direction of current disease prevention and control, and a breakthrough. In the two-day forum, experts on the current equalization of public health, disease prevention and control strategies and mental health, food safety, occupational diseases, AIDS and hospital infection six hot and difficult problems such as conduct in-depth study and to develop coping strategies in detail.
Urban and rural residents equal access to public health services can only be roughly equal, rather than absolute equality
Experts believe that, in the present or the sub-regions around the kitchen to eat and economic development is highly unbalanced situation, equal can only be roughly equivalent to the minimum standards, rather than absolute equality. Because the absolute equality is neither possible nor necessary. He believes that equalization is a dynamic process, minimum standards should be as the financial and economic situation and subject to change. In other words, different financial and economic level, there should be no minimum standards. But in the end of roughly equal (including the quality and quantity).
Zhejiang Cong Liming, director of CDC, said, Zhejiang-based items from the public health services, equal quantity and content more than the country: such as the country's basic public health services, a total of nine projects; Zhejiang basic public health services there are three major categories 12; the state's major public health service a total of six; Zhejiang Province, a major public health service a total of 13.
Director, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhao Guoqiu ongoing psychological intervention
Any one of chronic non-communicable diseases are related to mental health problems
Director, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Zhaoguo Qiu pointed out that in the biological - social - psychological change of disease patterns, Hangzhou disease spectrum changed significantly, chronic diseases accounted for 80% of all diseases in the people, while the cause of death in 80% of the population is chronically direct or indirect result. Experts believe that, including mental illness, psychological behavioral problems, including mental health issues are all part of the scope of chronic non-communicable diseases; the other hand, any one occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases, development, prognosis, prognosis, are related to mental health issues. Chronic non-communicable diseases in the behavioral factors; more than half of the deaths are related to health risk behaviors related; bear the brunt of the danger of smoking behavior; the body and lack of exercise and unhealthy eating patterns is the second death of behavioral factors.
The social factors of chronic diseases by increasing the health risk behaviors may lead to diseases, while others lead through the modulation of physiological functions of the pressure changes. Studies have shown that: the level of marital stress is a woman's risk factors for coronary heart disease; work stress levels are risk factors for coronary heart disease in men.
Prevention and control of chronic diseases, psychological, spiritual factors also play an important role. Such as hypertension, diabetes and other chronic need lifelong medication, some people are simply holding fluke psychological, not physical reaction will not be able to take medicine on time and the results led to the tragedy of the dead.
Accidental injuries, such as suicide and other sudden events, and psychological pressure on. Hangzhou, a primary school, primary school students dance with the recent suicide incident. Note the crowd excesses occurred much earlier time. Worthy of attention. Situation of severe mental health problems of students: primary school pupils the incidence of mental problems in more than 10% ~ 25%; high school students of psychological behavior problems in the detection rate between 13.39% ~ 38.36%; survey shows that 16.5% of the students in the degrees of psychological problems.
It is no exaggeration to say that mental health has been run through the control of the disease control of all diseases.
AIDS epidemic is likely to be "tip of the iceberg"
Zhejiang Province, PAN Xiao-hong, director of the AIDS Prevention, CDC has pointed out, the province and the city's AIDS prevention and control of the situation was indeed serious, almost every day in our province a new HIV infections occur. The possibility of HIV infection from high-risk behaviors (such as prostitution, intravenous drug use, underground selling blood, etc.) developed to normal between spouses. HIV-infected persons in the survey found that 40% of the spouses have been a infection. A noteworthy issue is that gay men and straight up the infection from a few years ago by one percentage point or two percentage points ... ..., up to the present 19%. This is known as "men with the" phenomenon caused by the vigilance of the province. because homosexuality is not protection of the law, we are of the intervention and control strategies need a good study.
Experts believe that we should be very clearly recognized that the present national or province, the city's number of reported HIV infection and the patient's death a few, like large water upstream and downstream of the water "leading" under the drip of water drops, the actual the number of infections may be much higher than the number of reports.
View of the current situation, our province raised the question of "1 +2 +3" Control Strategy:
Strategy 1 for the general population: Concern for the safety of health education - to reduce risk behavior; to reduce fear and discrimination - to promote testing and care for infected persons.
Strategy 2 for high-risk groups: behavioral intervention; HIV testing and counseling.
Strategy 3, for HIV-positive people: to prevent HIV transmission to others; for infected persons and patients timely treatment.
Food safety, disease control departments should have a pair "piercing eyes"
Experimental Physics and Chemistry, Zhejiang CDC said Koren, director of a level, food safety, in fact, a high-tech contest. Unscrupulous traders to enhance the economic value of food, the application "technology means" not hesitate to harm people's health and lives of the cost to achieve this purpose. As a disease control departments, government agencies, technical support units, there should be a pair of tough, "piercing eyes", the use of cutting-edge technology and timely identification of those harmful to people's health risk of foods, the disease control agency conditional testing departments should be equipped with proper monitoring of toxic and harmful substances in food of high-tech liquid-phase mass spectrometers and gas mass spectrometry instrumentation, accurate analysis of a food may contain harmful toxic ingredients. For the government to provide technical basis for decision-making.
Experts believe that the public not to pesticides and food additives to reach about 10 million of the extent of discoloration, pesticides and food additives, or need, the key is to achieve the degree of security. Recommended to eat seasonal vegetables, do not eat off-season vegetables, in-season vegetables due to the pest-resistant, the facilities will be of the pesticides exceeded the residual amount will be greatly increased. Food additives, as long as legitimate, the amount allowed within the country is safe, while illegal additives are dangerous. As citizens, we should pay attention to and understand the state regularly publish a list of illegal additives. At present, countries have announced a three - the list of illegal additives, batch quantity. Do not 吃野生动物! In particular, snakes and frogs. According to the monitoring of wild snakes, in the anatomy of a snake in each of the three has a sparganosis parasites (shaped like a white line-like), up to as much as the body of a 99 sparganosis, general cooking methods can not be killed, bulimia are very likely in the eye or the brain and other important organs in the human space-occupying lesions (caused by the growth of parasites parasitic growth), while the impact on health.
CDC staff snake autopsy of a body up to as much as 99 sparganosis parasites
Occupational disease prevention and control, practitioners to raise awareness of self-protection
Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangzhou, director of CDC Dr. Zhang Lei said, according to a rough estimate, every year in China due to occupational diseases, accidents resulting in direct economic losses reached 1,000 billion yuan, an indirect economic losses of 200 billion yuan. Dr. Chang engaged in professional jobs, ordinary citizens and foreign migrant workers suggestions:
Your type of work before the occupation, we must try to find out exactly what this type of work there are occupational hazards, the work of previous contact with these units, do first a physical examination, if these companies do not agree, even if have to do it at their own expense, to obtain the necessary evidence. leaving this post, but also make the appropriate medical examination, in order to grasp during this time, are suffering from the occupational disease, according to related regulations on occupational disease prevention law adopted by a certain legal avenues for compensation. professional practitioners are also may apply to the professional bodies to consult in order to enhance this self-protection ability.
We will never allow the "cut open laparotomy" tragedy of the acquisition of evidence from happening again, but the professional practitioners should also strengthen self-protection.
Hospital infection, in the new situation should pay more attention to clean hands
Disinfection and insect control, Hangzhou, CDC director of NI Xiao-ping pointed out that a person to the hospital, is likely to go home too, on a certain disease, may also make the hospital to visit a patient by his condition aggravated . Which is likely to be out of the question at hand. Hand what the disease will spread more, mainly include: diarrhea; acute respiratory infections (such as a stream, etc.); intestinal parasitic infections (roundworm, whipworm); skin infections (boils); eye infections (trachoma).
There are three ways of nosocomial infection, direct infection accounted for 90% of the droplets 9%, and air transmission accounted for 1%. Hand caused by the direct transmission of the most important. To this end experts suggest:
Every one on the hospital staff can enter the hospital, especially the wards before standardized wash their hands should wash hands before leaving the hospital.
Hospitals to wash their hands as much as possible with the facilities. In order to facilitate the public to wash hands wash hands.
Source: Zhejiang Online Health Network Author: Shi springs Xiu-Ping Wang Editor: Xiu-Ping Wang
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