社会资本与社会组织发展

           ——以甘东用水协会为例

（1.陈雷    2.仝志辉）

摘要：促进人们之间相互合作的有三种机制——科层、市场和自组织，三种机制在官僚成本、交易成本与结社成本低的情况下都能很好地促进民众之间的合作。但是在缺少社会资本的地方，随着三种成本的上升，合作机制可能都会导致不合作行为的发生。本文根据对中国目前唯一的整体实行参与式灌溉管理改革并取得成功的中型灌区——甘东用水者协会进行实地调研，从协会在现实中所遇到用水户合作困境出发，针对甘东协会内用水户为什么不积极参与和自己利益密切相关的社会组织的建设这个问题，从科层影子、扭曲市场和公民社会缺乏三个方面对甘东协会困境进行分析。最后得出，政府或者其他外部机构在社会资本缺乏、市场机制难以奏效的地方建立用水者协会这类社会组织，要想实现其可持续发展，必须使其脱离科层控制。而且政府或者外部机构在投资方向上也要更加侧重于促进地方社会资本增加的项目，而不是用时髦的、现代的、复杂的组织或者设备来简单代替原来的基础设施。

关键词：社会组织，合作机制，社会资本

               Social capital and the development of social organization

ABSTRACT：There exist three mechanisms that facilitate cooperation, i.e. bureaucracy, market and self-organization. On condition that the bureaucracy cost, transaction cost and the incorporate cost is very low, all of those will facilitate the cooperation among the people. but in a region in which social capital is absent, as those three costs ascend, all of them will baffle the cooperation. This article based on the field research which concerning on the GANDONG Water user association , which was so-called only one that come to the top in the area of adoption of irrigation participation management reform。From the cooperation puzzle in the operation, aimed at the question why the water user didn’t take actively part in the cause which bearing on their interest. This article analyzed it from the perspective of bureaucracy shadow, distorted market and the lack of civil society. At last, the article concluded that the government must put investment on the social capital in order to ensure the social organization to be persisting in the future.

KEY WORDS：social organization，cooperation mechanism；Social capital