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科学家称:拿超级抗体开发艾滋病疫苗有点难
2010-07-15 07:54:52 中国经济网
■新闻缘起
美国研究人员8日公布研究成果称，他们发现两种能“绑定”并中和90%以上艾滋病病毒变异毒株的抗体。他们希望能利用这项成果开发出艾滋病疫苗。该研究成果9日被刊登在《科学》杂志上。
领导这项研究的美国国家变态反应与传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇发表声明说，发现这些具有广谱中和能力的抗体以及解释它们如何发挥作用，是寻找艾滋病疫苗过程中“令人激动的进展”。
近几天有不少媒体以这样的标题表达了人类对艾滋病疫苗研究的期待——《首个艾滋病疫苗有望问世》。
这源于9日出版的美国《科学》杂志发表的一项研究成果。
————发现————
一名艾滋病病毒感染者血液的B细胞生产了两种特殊抗体
以美国国家变态反应与传染病研究所为首的科研团队利用自己研发的新型设备发现，一名艾滋病病毒感染者血液的B细胞生产了两种特殊抗体VRC01和VRC02。在抗体“绑定”并中和艾滋病病毒的过程中，研究人员设法对抗体进行成像分析，结果发现了它们的作用机制，如其中名为VRC01的抗体能够模仿人体的CD4免疫细胞，“绑定”艾滋病病毒的gp120壳膜蛋白，而后者在艾滋病病毒入侵人体的机制中发挥着非常重要的作用。
领导这项研究的美国国家变态反应与传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇发表声明说，发现这些具有广谱中和能力的抗体以及解释它们如何发挥作用，是寻找艾滋病疫苗过程中“令人激动的进展”。
中国疾病预防控制中心艾滋病首席专家邵一鸣在高度肯定这项发现重要性的同时，对国外媒体宣称艾滋病疫苗指日可待的说法提出质疑，认为这是一种误读。
————解读————
发现抗体并不罕见
“人体内出现能抑制几个艾滋病病毒菌株的抗体并不罕见。”邵一鸣告诉记者，人体免疫系统在抗原等外来异物入侵时会作出反应，产生相应抗体。
十几年前就有研究发现，有些人染上艾滋病病毒后体内能产生强大的免疫系统蛋白，这种抗体能帮助他们延长生命，原因是这种抗体能中和艾滋病病毒。通俗地讲，就是抗体不仅可以与病毒抗原附着，而且能攻击病毒。
他分析，此次研究之所以引人关注，媒体也将VRC01和VRC02这两种抗体称为超级抗体，是因为美国科学家发现的上述两种抗体能有效阻止90%以上已知的艾滋病病毒菌株侵袭人体细胞，而之前所发现的抗体中和范围并没有这么大。
技术进步加快了艾滋病病毒研究
事实上，每次艾滋病病毒抗体的消息总能让人兴奋，并留下无限想象空间。
十几年前，奥地利研究人员曾成功从人体中分离出一种名为“2G12”的抗体，它对艾滋病病毒具有很强的中和作用。“2G12”只在极少数人体内存在，这些人即使感染了艾滋病病毒也不会发病。
2008年，一个多国科学家和研究所联合组成的团队声称，他们找到了艾滋病的“命门”：两种之前从未发现过的新抗体，新抗体对HIV病毒有广泛的克制作用，能够攻击多种HIV病毒毒株的薄弱环节。在当年9月发表的美国《科学》杂志上，新抗体被媒体称为艾滋病的“阿基琉斯之踵”，意为“致命点”。
过去，可能三四年才能找到一个艾滋病病毒抗体，其中一个重要原因在于，艾滋病病毒侵入人体后表面很大一部分会被糖类包裹，这些糖类由人体细胞产生，通常会被抗体当作“自家人”。艾滋病病毒往往因此逃脱人体免疫系统的攻击。
“如今一年能找到几十个这样的抗体。”邵一鸣分析，出现上述现象，与细胞分离技术、基因工程抗体技术、细胞工程技术等技术手段的推进密不可分。（来源：科技日报）
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Scientists say: get super hard for an AIDS vaccine developed antibodies
2010-07-15 07:54:52 China Economic Net
■ News Origin
8, U.S. researchers published findings that they found two can "bind" and in more than 90% and variation of strains of HIV antibodies. They hope to use the results to develop an AIDS vaccine. The research was published in 9 "Science" magazine.
The study led the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anthony Fauci said in a statement, found in those with broad-spectrum and the ability of antibodies and explain how they play a role in the process of the search for an AIDS vaccine, "is exciting progress. "
In recent days, many media to express such a title for AIDS vaccine research in human expectations - "the first AIDS vaccine is expected to come out."
This stems from the 9th edition of the American "Science" magazine published the results of a study.
---- ---- Found
An HIV-infected blood B cells to produce specific antibodies of two
United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases research team led by research and development using its new equipment was found, an HIV-infected blood B cells to produce two kinds of special antibodies VRC01 and VRC02. In the antibody "bind" and in the process and the AIDS virus, the researchers managed to antibody imaging analysis revealed that their mechanism of action, such as the one called VRC01 antibodies can mimic the body's CD4 immune cells, "binding "HIV gp120 shell membrane protein, which in the mechanism of HIV invasion of the body plays a very important role.
The study led the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anthony Fauci said in a statement, found in those with broad-spectrum and the ability of antibodies and explain how they play a role in the process of the search for an AIDS vaccine, "is exciting progress. "
China CDC AIDS chief expert SHAO found in the high degree of recognition of the importance of the same time, foreign media claim that AIDS vaccine within reach of the argument raised the question that this is a misunderstanding.
---- S ----
Found that antibody is not uncommon
"The body appear inhibit several strains of HIV antibodies is not uncommon." Hua told reporters that the immune system and other external foreign invasion in the antigen will react to produce antibodies.
Have found that more than ten years ago, some people infected with AIDS virus, the body can produce a powerful immune system proteins, such antibody can help prolong life, because this antibody can neutralize HIV. More simply, is not only the virus antigen antibody attachment, and can attack the virus.
His analysis, this study concern the reason, the media will VRC01 and VRC02 two antibodies known as super-antibodies, because the two U.S. scientists found antibodies to be effective against more than 90% of HIV strains are known to attack human cells, while antibodies found before and the scope is not so great.
Accelerated technological progress of the AIDS virus
In fact, every time the news of HIV antibody always exciting, and leave an unlimited imagination.
Ten years ago, Austrian researchers have successfully isolated from the human body called "2G12" of the antibody, it has a very strong in HIV and role. "2G12" only a very small number of human memory, even if these people are not infected with HIV disease.
In 2008, a multinational coalition of scientists and research team claimed they found the AIDS "Gate of Life": The two have never been found before the new antibodies, new antibodies against HIV, the role of a wide range of restraint, to attack more kind of HIV virus strains of the weak links. Published that year in September in the U.S. "Science" magazine, a new HIV antibody by the media as "Achilles heel", meaning "fatal point."
In the past, may be three or four years to find an HIV antibody, Qi Zhong An important reason is that, AIDS virus invaded the human body part will be Pi sugar Biaomian large parcels, these sugars You human cells are normally antibodies as "home people. " HIV often do not escape the body's immune system attacks.
"Now a year to find dozens of such antibodies." SHAO analysis, the above phenomenon, and cell separation technology, genetic engineering antibody technique, cell engineering and other technical means of promoting inseparable. (Source: Science and Technology Daily)
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