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民间组织已达43.1万：焕发民族地区活力的新事物
2011年01月27日10:08 来源：《人民政协报》
据民政部门统计，我国已有社会组织43.1万，并仍以每年10％~15％的速度发展，成为我国经济建设、政治建设、文化建设和社会建设的一支重要力量，其中民族地区的社会组织发展更是一支不容忽视的力量。
近日，全国政协委员、全国政协民宗委办公室原主任伊丽苏娅在接受记者采访时，介绍了几个知名草根组织在民族地区的发展状况。
新月爱心社：发动宗教人士，推动当地防艾
2005年10月24日，吴忠新月爱心社挂牌成立，这是宁夏回族自治区成立的首家以宣传艾滋病预防知识、救助艾滋病感染者的穆斯林群众团体。
爱心社的成立，源于2003年10月吴忠市选送10名宗教人士参加自治区艾滋病预防知识培训班。之后，以这10名宗教人士为重点、其他宗教人士广泛参与的当地艾滋病宣传网络逐步形成，新月爱心社这一民间组织的数量也逐渐增多，并逐步获得一定的经费支持。
截至2010年12月1日世界艾滋病日，新月爱心社已经成为宁夏各地市防艾的重要力量。新月爱心社还注重对穆斯林艾滋病感染者、吸毒人员、艾滋病遗孤、遗孀给予援助和关心，让他们以健康的心态面对生活。
三江源生态环境保护协会：维护那一片高原净土
三江源地处青藏高原腹地，是长江、黄河及澜沧江的发源地。然而，随着全球生态环境的恶化和区域经济开发进程的加快，这里的生态环境和土著文化正面临各种挑战，三江源生态环境保护协会应运而生。
这是一个由藏族人为主体的民间环保组织，是青海省第一家省级民间环保组织，其前身是玉树州三江源生态环境保护协会。
该协会现任秘书长哈希·扎西多杰最得意的，是近年来推行的绿色社区网络项目。在项目点之一的措池村，2004年成立了社区“野牦牛队守望者”，参与野生动物观察和保护工作。另外，社区与保护区签订“保护协议”。一些牧民甚至将牧场让给了野生动物。
凉山彝族妇女儿童发展中心：让扶贫工作从妇孺开始
四川大小凉山是我国最贫困的地区之一。2002年2月，中央民族大学青年教师侯远高在自己的故乡——四川省凉山彝族自治州进行了一次社会调查，被当地的贫困状况深深震撼。他深感知识的贫乏和文化的边缘化是当地贫困之源，便于三年后联合一批有识之士回到家乡，在凉山州政府领导等单位的全力支持下，成立了“凉山彝族妇女儿童发展中心”。
针对儿童的救助问题，该中心探索出了“全寄宿制的爱心班”、“一对一委托异地抚养”两种儿童救助模式；针对贫困妇女的就业问题，该中心对来自贫困山区的校外彝族女孩免费提供普通话、城市生活技能、卫生知识、文明礼仪、法律和就业指导等各方面的短期培训，提供就业安置服务并定期回访。
让草根组织成为民族地区之花
伊丽苏娅委员发现，我国少数民族和民族地区经济社会迅速发展之余仍面临的三个重大问题：自然和文化生态维护问题、贫困集中连片的问题、以艾滋病为核心的公共卫生问题。而我国历史和国际经验表明，社会动员是解决以上问题的最有效途径。
“在这一背景下，民族民间的传统社区组织和现代非赢利志愿组织的作用变得越来越重要。”据伊丽苏娅委员多年来的调研，由于民间组织来自草根、贴近基层，自觉性强、积极性高，重视民众参与、民主管理，资金使用较透明、工作效率较高和管理成本较低，更有重视人文关怀和善于对外公关的优势，所以能在民族地区各项工作中发挥独特作用。
然而，令人忧虑的是，与全国少数民族和民族地区基层社区的巨大需求相比，此类民间组织还非常少，其社会参与和社区动员程度也非常低。已经成立并取得成绩的本土民间非赢利志愿者组织，也存在双重管理限制、资金运作难题和自身管理难题。
为此，她于2010年3月提交了一份《关于扶持少数民族和民族地区民间非赢利志愿组织发展、提高基层社区活力的提案》，提出了包括修改相关限制性条款、对于公益性民间组织给予财政和税收优惠、建立全国通用的民间组织内部管理规章、将支持少数民族民间组织参与相关事业列入国家规划等在内的扶持方式。
民政部在答复中明确表示：“《社会团体登记管理条例》和《民办非企业单位登记管理暂行条例》正在修订，简化登记程序、加强监督管理是修订的重要出发点，对于委员提出的有关原则建议，将在修订时予以充分考虑”。
“在少数民族和民族地区出现的一大批致力于扶贫开发、生态保护和文化传承、禁毒和艾滋病防治的民间非赢利志愿组织，不仅有助于针对少数民族和民族地区开展禁毒、艾滋病防治和扶贫开发等事业，而且有助于提高民族地区基层社区的活力。积极支持其发展，必将有利于民族地区的发展与进步。”伊丽苏娅委员表示将继续关注少数民族地区草根组织的成长与发展。
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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Civil society has reached 431,000: vibrant glow of new things in Ethnic Areas
At 10:08 on January 27, 2011 Source: "CPPCC News"
According to the civil affairs department statistics, China has 431,000 social organizations, and is still an annual 10% to 15% of the speed of development, as China's economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction as an important force, in which the social minority areas Organizational development is a force to be reckoned.
Recently, the CPPCC National Committee members, the Office of the CPPCC National Committee, former director of the public were Yilisuya in an interview, the introduction of several well-known grassroots organizations in the development of minority areas.
Crescent Aixin She: religious people started to promote local AIDS prevention
October 24, 2005, Wu Zhong moon Aixin She was set up, this is the first Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established to promote AIDS prevention knowledge and helping people living with HIV in the Muslim community.
Aixin She's set up, from October 2003 Wuzhong religious participants should select 10 regional AIDS prevention training. After the 10 religious figures to focus on the broad participation of other religious people promotion of local AIDS network has gradually formed, the civil society organizations moon Aixin She gradually increased the number and gradually receive some financial support.
As of December 1, 2010 World AIDS Day, the new moon around the city of Ningxia Aixin She has become an important force for AIDS prevention. Crescent Aixin She also focus on the Muslim people living with HIV, drug users, AIDS orphans, widows and care assistance to enable them to face life with a healthy attitude.
Three Rivers Environmental Protection Association: Pure maintain that a plateau
Three Rivers is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River originate. However, with the deterioration of global ecological environment and accelerate the process of regional economic development, where the ecological environment and the challenges facing indigenous cultures, Three Rivers Environmental Protection Association came into being.
This is a Tibetan non-governmental environmental organizations, human subject, is the first Qinghai provincial environmental organizations, the predecessor of Yushu Three Rivers Environmental Protection Association.
哈希扎西多杰 current Secretary-General of the association is most proud of is the recent implementation of the Green Community Network project. One of the measures in the project point of the village pond, the community was established in 2004, "Wild Yak Team Rye", participation and protection of wildlife observation. In addition, communities and protected areas, signed a "protection agreement." Rangeland pastoralists even give some of the wild animals.
Liangshan Yi Women and Child Development Center: Working from the women and children began to poverty alleviation
Sichuan Liangshan is one of the poorest regions in China. February 2002, Central University for Nationalities Hou young teachers was much higher in his hometown - Sichuan Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture conducted a social survey, was stunned by the local poverty. Deep knowledge of his culture, the marginalization of poor and poverty is the source of local, easy to joint a group of insightful people after three years returned to his hometown, led by the Government in Liangshan Prefecture and other units with the full support of the establishment of the "Yi Women Child Development Center. "
Aid issues for children, the center explored "all the love boarding classes," "one to one commissioned by remote support" Save the Children both models; employment for poor women, the center of the campus from the poor mountainous areas Yi girls free Mandarin, city life skills, health knowledge, civilization and etiquette, legal and employment guidance in areas such as short-term training, providing job placement services and regular visits.
Minority areas to grass-roots organizations to become the flower
Yilisuya members found that minorities and minority areas of rapid economic and social development while still faces three major problems: the natural and cultural ecology maintenance problems, the problems of poverty focus contiguous to the core of AIDS public health problem. The history of our country and the international experience shows that social mobilization is to solve the above problems of the most effective way.
"In this context, the traditional folk and modern non-profit community organizations, the role of voluntary organizations is becoming increasingly important." Members, according to Yilisuya years of research, the civil society organizations from the grassroots, close to the grassroots, consciousness of strong, motivated, attention to public participation, democratic management, the use of funds more transparent, efficient work and management of lower costs, more emphasis on humane care and good public relations advantage, so it can work in minority areas play a unique role.
However, worrying is that, with the national minorities and minority areas compared to the huge demand for grass-roots communities, such civic organizations are also very small, and its level of social participation and community mobilization is very low. Has been established and achievements of local non-governmental non-profit volunteer organization, there are also dual management, funding the operation of their own management problems and challenges.
To this end, in March 2010 she submitted a "support minorities and minority areas on private non-profit volunteer organization development, improve the vitality of grass-roots community proposal," and proposed to amend the relevant restrictive provisions, including, for the welfare of civil society organizations give financial and tax incentives, establish a national universal internal management rules of civil society organizations, will support the cause of ethnic civil society organizations involved in related planning, etc., included in the national support way.
Ministry of Civil Affairs said in his reply clearly: "" Social Organization Registration Management Regulations "and" private non-enterprise units Provisional Regulations on Registration Administration "is amended to simplify the registration procedures, strengthen supervision and management is an important starting point for amendments, the relevant principles for the proposals put forward by members will be fully considered in the revision. "
"The emergence of ethnic minorities and a large number of working poor development, ecological protection and cultural heritage, non-governmental anti-drug and AIDS non-profit volunteer organization, will not only help regions for ethnic minorities and anti-drug, AIDS prevention and poverty alleviation development business, but also help improve the vitality of grass-roots community minority areas. actively support its development, will certainly be conducive to national development and progress of the region. "Yilisuya members expressed concern about ethnic minority areas will continue to grow and grassroots organizations development.
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