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专家建议警惕艾滋病初期症状
2011年11月11日08:05东方网
很多“恐艾”的人都喜欢用艾滋病初期症状来怀疑自己是否感染了艾滋病？其实，艾滋病初期症状不是判断艾滋病感染的标准，艾滋病只能通过检测手段来判断，在没有检测之前，勿要自己诊断，以免给自己带来太大的心理压力，只是在发生高危行为后要警惕这些艾滋病初期症状，注意密切观察自己的身体变化，当心“中招”。
其实，艾滋病感染是有一个过程的，医学上可以讲这个过程分为四个阶段，即急性感染期、潜伏期、艾滋病前期和典型艾滋病期。每个阶段的症状表现是不太一样的，但是并不是所有的感染者都会经历这四个阶段，四个时期不同的症状表现是一个渐进和连续的发病过程。
1.急性感染期
急性感染期也就是通常人们所说的窗口期。窗口期的主要症状有：发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、肌肉酸痛、还会发生乏力、盗汗、咽炎等。部分患者也有可能出现急性头痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻。由于急性感染期时，症状比较轻，通常容易被人们忽略。在被感染HIV后的2-6周，可以通过查血，检测HIV抗体是否呈阳性，以此为判断是否感染艾滋病的标准。急性感染期过后，便是潜伏期，潜伏期一个长短不等的、相对健康的、无症状的阶段。
2.潜伏期
潜伏期指的是从感染艾滋病病毒开始，到出现艾滋病临床症状和体征的时间。潜伏期内，艾滋病感染者可以没有任何临床症状，但潜伏期不是静止期，更不是安全期，病毒在持续繁殖，具有强烈的破坏作用。艾滋病的平均潜伏期，现在认为是2-10年，因此潜伏期是不易于人们发现和预防艾滋病的。研究表明，潜伏期后，8年内将有50%的人发展为艾滋病，儿童艾滋病潜伏期短，平均为12个月。
3、艾滋病前期
艾滋病前期是指潜伏期后开始出现与艾滋病有关的症状和体征，直至发展成典型的艾滋病的一段时间。这段时间出现明显的与艾滋病有关的症状和体征，有人称之为“艾滋病相关综合症”、“淋巴结病相关综合症”、“持续性泛发性淋巴结病”、“艾滋病前综合症”等。主要表现在：持续性的淋巴节肿大，发生的部位多见于头颈部、腋窝、腹股沟、颈后、耳前、耳后、股淋巴结、颌下淋巴结等。一般至少有两处以上淋巴结肿大者。持续半年以上；体重减轻10%以上；持续数月的周期性低热；夜间盗汗；口腔出现毛状白斑是早期诊断艾滋病的重要线索；其他常见的感染有非链球菌性咽炎，急性和慢性鼻窦炎和肠道寄生虫感染。许多病人排便次数增多，拉稀，均又可能与直肠炎及多种病原微生物对肠道的侵袭有关。
4、典型艾滋病期
典型艾滋病期由于免疫系统被严重破坏，容易发生各种致命性机会感染和恶性肿瘤。病变可表现在人体类的各个器官方面，如肺、口腔、消化系统、神经系统、内分泌系统、心脏、肾脏、眼、关节、皮肤等等。已发生机会性感染者，平均存活期为9个月。
经过艾滋病咨询中心统计，大多数的艾滋病病毒感染者在潜伏期是没有任何艾滋病症状反应的，但也有一部分人在感染早期可以出现低热、头晕、乏力、咽炎、关节疼痛、肌肉痛、皮疹、淋巴结肿大等类似“感冒”的艾滋病初期症状。这种艾滋病症状一般持续1-2周后就会消失，此后便转入无艾滋病症状的潜伏期。因此，当高危后短时间内出现这种不适症状的时候一定要警惕是否是艾滋病急性期初期症状，无论是去医院做艾滋病检测，还是自己进行艾滋病自测，都是有效预防艾滋病的手段。千万不要误以为是感冒症状，延误了检测的最佳时间。艾滋病自测试纸购买一定要选择正规网站。艾滋病虽然目前还无法治愈，但是只要能及时的发现艾滋病初期症状，及早检测确诊，配合医生用药治疗，是可以最大限度的延长艾滋病患者寿命的。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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艾滋病新鸡尾酒疗法 附 HIV感染者，早吃药早受益
Experts suggest that the early symptoms of AIDS alert
At 08:05 on November 11, 2011 LONDON
A lot of "fear of AIDS," the people like to use the early symptoms of AIDS to doubt whether they were infected with HIV? In fact, the early symptoms of AIDS is not a standard to determine the HIV infection, AIDS can only be judged by the detection means, in the absence of testing before, not to their diagnosis, so as not to give yourself too much psychological pressure, but in the event to be alert after a high-risk behavior These early symptoms of AIDS, note that close observation of their own bodies, be careful "caught."
In fact, HIV infection is a process, and medicine can tell the process is divided into four stages, namely the acute infection, the incubation period, AIDS and typical pre-AIDS period. Symptoms of each stage is not the same, but not all of those infected will experience the four stages, four times the performance of different symptoms is a gradual and continuous disease process.
An acute infection
Acute infection is the window period people usually say. Window period of the main symptoms are: fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, but also a weakness, night sweats, pharyngitis. May also occur in some patients with acute headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Due to acute infection, the symptoms are mild, often easily overlooked. Was 2-6 weeks after HIV infection, through blood test to detect HIV antibodies are positive, as a standard to determine whether HIV infection. After a period of acute infection, the incubation period is, the length of the incubation period ranging from a relatively healthy, asymptomatic stage.
(2) incubation
Incubation period is the time from HIV infection began to appear signs and symptoms of AIDS time. The incubation period, HIV can not have any clinical symptoms, but the incubation period is not quiescent, but not the rhythm, the virus continues to multiply, with a strong destructive effect. The average incubation period of AIDS, is now considered to be 2-10 years, so latency is not easy to find people and HIV prevention. Studies have shown that, after the incubation period, 8 years, 50% of people develop AIDS, pediatric AIDS incubation period is short, an average of 12 months.
3, pre-AIDS
After pre-incubation period of AIDS began to refer to AIDS-related symptoms and signs until the development of AIDS into a typical period of time. Noticeable this time of AIDS-related symptoms and signs, it was called "AIDS-related syndrome", "related lymphadenopathy syndrome", "persistent generalized lymphadenopathy", "AIDS pre-menstrual syndrome" and other . Main features: persistent lymph node enlargement, common site of occurrence in the head and neck, armpits, groin, neck, ears, ears, stocks lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes. Generally have at least two or more lymph nodes. Last more than six months; weight loss more than 10%; several months of periodic fever; night sweats; developed oral hairy leukoplakia is an important clue to early diagnosis of AIDS; other common infections are non-streptococcal pharyngitis, acute and chronic sinus inflammation and intestinal parasitic infections. Many patients with frequent bowel movements, diarrhea, and may be associated with proctitis are a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and invasion of the intestinal tract.
4, a typical period of AIDS
Typical AIDS period because the immune system is severely damaged, prone to all kinds of fatal opportunistic infections and malignancies. Lesions can be expressed in various organs in the body class, such as lung, mouth, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, heart, kidneys, eyes, joints, skin, and so on. Opportunistic infections have occurred, the average survival period of 9 months.
Through the AIDS Information Centre (http://www.aids-test.cn/) statistics, the majority of HIV-infected persons in the incubation period of AIDS symptoms, there is no response, but there are some people in the early stages of infection can be low fever, dizziness , fatigue, pharyngitis, joint pain, muscle pain, rash, swollen lymph nodes and other similar "cold" initial symptoms of AIDS. This AIDS symptoms usually disappear after 1-2 weeks, after which it transferred to the incubation period without symptoms of AIDS. Therefore, when the risk of such symptoms after a short period of time when we must be alert if the early symptoms of the acute phase of AIDS, both to the hospital for HIV testing, or their own self-test for HIV, are effective means of preventing AIDS. Do not mistake it for cold symptoms, the best time delay detection. AIDS test paper from the purchase must choose the regular website. Although there is no cure for AIDS, but as long as the timely discovery of the early symptoms of AIDS, early detection diagnosis, drug treatment with a doctor, is the maximum extension of the life of AIDS patients.
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