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探秘成都艾滋病区 怀孕护士遭扎破手指放弃胎儿(图)
2011年11月26日11:04
四川新闻网
四川新闻网
医院
今年12月1日是第24个“世界艾滋病日”，自1981年美国首次报道5名男同性恋患卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎，1982年将其命名为“艾滋病”起，到今天为止，已经29年。时至今日，“艾滋病”已不单单是一个可怕的名词，它犹如恶魔一般夺走了许多人的健康、家庭、乃至生命。
恐慌、歧视、无知在继续，所以即将到来的第24个“世界艾滋病日”的主题是：行动起来向“零”艾滋迈进。行动起来，告诉世界：其实艾滋病没那么可怕！只需一个善意的微笑，一道平视关怀的目光，一句友好的问候，就能把温暖和勇气传递到感染者的心中，让即将逝去的人生多一些阳光！。
从今日起，本报推出“HIV的隐秘生活行动起来向“零”艾滋迈进”系列报道，走近白衣天使、艾滋病人、以及关爱、关注艾滋病人的个人和群体的隐秘生活”。不同的角度，不一样的视觉，一个出发点：集结每一滴关爱，全民参与，为每一位艾滋病患者缔造一片朗日晴空！
从那一天起，王小红(化名)的生活发生了改变。为病人拔针头时，她不慎划伤了自己的手指，鲜血毫无征兆地从指尖冒了出来，她傻眼了，待在原地顿了几秒钟才慢慢回过神来……作为成都市传染病医院艾滋病区的护士，王小红比谁都清楚职业暴露可能感染艾滋病毒。更大的麻烦是，尚处观察期的她又被检查怀有身孕。为了孩子的健康，她只能终止妊娠，且不敢告诉父母实情。时至今日，父母甚至不知道女儿在艾滋病区工作。
那一天，“职业暴露”了针头反弹回来扎了一下鲜血从指尖冒了出来……
28岁的王小红脸上总是挂着微笑，说话时也透着干练，直到今年7月发生可怕的职业暴露一种医护人员在为艾滋病感染者进行治疗时传染的危险。
“护士，你快点，液都没有了！”2011年7月11日，她正在替病人拔针头，听到家属却不耐烦地催促着。王小红一边抬头看输液瓶，一边继续着手上的操作。就在她拔出针头准备扔出手时，针头却突然反弹回来，在她的右手食指上扎了一下。下意识地低头，她看到鲜血从指尖冒了出来……
目光呆滞，头脑里一片空白……几秒钟后，人渐渐才有了意识。小红转身走出了病房，眼泪止不住地往下流。
又是几秒钟的停顿，如梦初醒，飞奔着冲向洗手台，王小红用尽力气把指尖上的血挤出来，然后反复用水冲洗，眼泪肆无忌惮地流淌着……
那些天，恐惧没有丝毫减退最担心的事情发生了已怀有1个多月身孕
小红马上服用了阻断艾滋病毒的药物，但内心的恐惧没有丝毫减退。“药物的副作用很大，一直昏昏沉沉的，啥子东西都不想吃，还一直呕吐！”从那天起，小红按规定连续服用了28天药物。她知道，服食该药物，甚至可能损伤肝脏功能。看见食指上伤口的黑点，就忍不住落泪，最后她干脆用刀把它剪掉了。
10月初，最让她担心的事情还是发生了。她去医院抽血化验时，才得知自己已怀有1个多月身孕。说到这里，小红突然降低了声调，不自觉地摸了摸额头，陷入沉默……“我恨自己！”小红说，自打工作后，发生职业暴露的应急处理办法，她已学习了无数次。但职业暴露真的发生时，她却丧失了行动能力，“我早几秒钟把血挤出来，早几秒钟拿水冲洗，就……”
“药物的副作用对胎儿有没有影响，我也不敢保证”科室主任对她说。她知道丈夫很想要这个孩子，但在家里挣扎很久后，他们最终还是决定终止妊娠。10月下旬，公公婆婆从乐山赶来探望，小红正好在家休养。见瞒不过去，小红只好谎称前段时间感冒服了药，为了孩子的健康只好放弃这个孩子。
这些年，除了丈夫没人知道实情“我为自己的职业自豪，但怕别人有心理阴影！”
在平时的人际交往中，小红都自称在“十医院”工作，这是市传染病医院的前身。
之所以有这样，源于一个发生在她身上的真实故事。一次，她受邀去同学家吃饭，席间同学的父母问她从事什么工作，得知她在医院艾滋病区工作，气氛立刻就变了。“第二天同学就给我说，她的父母让我不要再到她家去了！”
不仅是朋友，就连深爱她的丈夫也很畏惧艾滋病毒。小红说，2007年，她本科毕业进入了市传染病医院，开始接触艾滋病人。后来，她调换了科室，直到去年进入艾滋病区工作。“我到艾滋病区以后，丈夫就一直反对！”王小红说，最初，丈夫到医院接她下班，都只肯站在楼下，不愿到病区怕传染。“经过我的反复说教，前几个月他终于肯上楼了！”说起丈夫的变化，小红很欣慰。不过，丈夫每次看到她身上的伤口，总会唠叨不停，比她自己还紧张。
揭秘“三病区”
医患共处：防护与接触的平衡
在“世界艾滋病日”来临之际，成都晚报记者走进成都市传染病医院艾滋病区，探访神秘的“十医院”真实的本貌这里的医患人员鲜为人知的日常生活。
靠近艾滋病区
怕你恐惧 叫它“三病区”
绕过喧嚣的门诊大楼，医院深处一栋寂静的小楼出现在眼前。“这里的三病区就是艾滋病区！”市传染病医院党办工作人员介绍，“三病区”在小楼的4层，之所以用“三病区”代指“艾滋病区”，是为了避免给人们造成恐惧心理。
按清洁区、潜在污染区、污染区的不同区分，“三病区”分别在门窗上清楚地标注着不同的标识。“要进污染区，就必须穿上白大褂、鞋套，还要戴口罩和帽子！”护士长刘晓霞叮嘱，病区里住着44位病人，其中有部分人还伴有肺结核病，可能引起传染。同时，艾滋病人抵抗力很差，如记者衣服上携带有病菌，也可能引发病人的再次感染。
走进“污染区”
防病人做“傻事” 阳台向外延伸
在更衣间穿戴完毕，记者终于进入了污染区。这里的病房与普通医院没什么不同，液晶电视、厕所、阳台一应俱全。不过，刘晓霞告诉记者，为了防止病人做“傻事”，阳台特意向外做了延伸。
整个“污染区”都很安静，全无普通医院的喧嚣，让置身其中的记者有些不适应。“不要拍！不要拍！”看到记者走进病房，一位躺在床上的病人边说边拉起被子挡住自己的脸。刘晓霞说，这个病人才被查出艾滋病不久，还无法接受残酷的现实，担心自己的照片被亲朋好友看见。
防护过度
会增加病人的距离感
在“污染区”里的医护人员，并没有记者想象的那样穿得严严实实。大部分医护人员都只是戴了口罩，少数人还戴了手套。记者跟随刘晓霞一起去查房，她与病人聊天的同时，还会不失时机地拍拍病人的肩膀，以示鼓励。
出了病房，刘晓霞习惯性地到过道上取洗手液，认真搓洗后再到下一个病房。“戴眼镜的医护人员，上班都尽量只戴框框眼镜，不戴隐形眼镜！”刘晓霞解释，“我们的自我保护必须要适度，如果戴护目镜，就会让病人产生距离感。
走出“污染区”
摘掉口罩 竟是一群稚气的小姑娘
中午12时许，结束了一上午的工作，医护人员纷纷走出“污染区”。在更衣室脱下白大褂、摘掉口罩，出现在记者眼前的竟是一群稚气未脱的小姑娘。与在“污染区”里的沉着、干练不同，这时的她们拿着饭盒嬉戏打闹。
“三病区”的N条院规
●不能对患者拍照，以免泄露患者容貌
●不能提“艾滋病”这三个敏感字眼
●不戴隐形眼镜、护目镜，以免产生距离感
●一定要带框框眼镜，以防血液溅入医护人员的眼睛……
“三病区”的医生护士
●有6名医生，20名护士，男性仅占2人。
●其中，护士平均年龄约26岁，半数以上还不到24岁，多数为单身。
“三病区”的患者
●作为成都市收治艾滋病人最多的医院，2008年建立艾滋病专科以来，已收治约1500例病人。
●医院从最初每月收治几个病人，到今年单月最多收治60余例病人，说明我市感染率呈明显上升趋势。
名词解释
HIV职业暴露
HIV职业暴露是指工作人员(实验室技术员、医护人员、监狱管理人员等)，在从事艾滋病防治及有关工作中，意外地被HIV感染者或艾滋病人的血液、体液污染了破损的皮肤，或被含有HIV的血液、体液污染了的针头及其他锐器刺破皮肤，而导致有被HIV感染的可能性。来源成都晚报)
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Inject new life into Chinese medicine for AIDS treatment
At 19:38 on November 26th, 2011 Xinhua
Kunming, Xinhua, November 26 (Reporter Li Meng, Ruo away, LI Huai-Yan) Chinese medical community is trying to use traditional Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS. Research and clinical practice has proved that Chinese medicine treatment can effectively protect and restore the body's immune function, HIV infection and improve patient quality of life.
Chinese Medicine Hospital in Kunming, Yunnan Province, the reporter saw 21-year-old AIDS Fei (a pseudonym), he went to the hospital early in the morning to claim the Division of AIDS prevention drugs, doctors gave him the pills made with herbs and packaged soups. Fei said, I checked out last May, infected with AIDS, began to eat medicine, the body is uncomfortable, then went to eat Chinese here, no adverse reactions, like normal people live and work.
Kunming Chinese Medicine Hospital physician, said Chen Xin, Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment of AIDS there are many different doctors about patients infected with the situation, diagnose the troubles through traditional Chinese medicine, concept of color, etc., to determine the patient's body. Chinese believe that everyone has a different constitution, require different treatment. In addition to two kinds of medical institutions of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, we also open a body according to traditional Chinese medicine prescription, to treat various symptoms. Establish a pilot since 2005, has accumulated more than 600 people treated.
The mid-1980s, China began to explore the Chinese medicine for the treatment for AIDS, through the efforts of many researchers in 2004, the first medicine to treat AIDS, "Tang grass film" access to national approval. In 2004, China launched pilot projects in the medical treatment of AIDS, has been more than 10,000 people received treatment. At present, national and provincial approved for AIDS treatment and research of clinical medicine or medical institutions have 20 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, while the initial formation of a group of Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS programs.
According to reports, AIDS was first recognized in the United States in 1981, has more than 34 million worldwide infected with HIV, HIV Western scientists around a lot of research, at present, the U.S. FDA-approved anti-viral drugs have 30 kinds, These drugs through the "cocktail" combination, can effectively suppress the virus kill. Therefore, the Western world's prevailing anti-viral treatment of AIDS treatment, but there are toxic side effects, some drugs are expensive and so on.
President Ma Kejian Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said the past few years research and clinical treatment data indicate that the anti-viral medicine in the treatment of AIDS, to restore the body's immune function, and so there is a genuine effect. But now the internationally accepted standards of care is based on Western medicine on antiretroviral treatment system, to illustrate the effectiveness of Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS must be based on international standards to establish their own standards.
"Chinese medicine treatment can effectively maintain patient body weight, regain their strength and regain the ability to reduce a fever, rash, etc. symptoms, to ensure that AIDS patients live a normal life, ability to work, we will quantify these effects, the establishment of the subjective indicators, as Western CD4 level of the standard complement. "Ma Kejian said, but the mechanism of Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS many still do not know, need to accumulate more research and treatment data, and now countries have research project.
Ma Kejian said that the treatment with Western medicine for the virus itself is different from the overall function of the body starting from the traditional Chinese medicine for disease treatment, traditional Chinese medicine for people with AIDS, recurrent colds, long-term low-grade fever, body weight loss and other symptoms are treatment options, effective treatment of these symptoms, can effectively extend the life of AIDS patients, and ultimately reduce mortality. Chinese medicine treatment of the pilot from the statistical data show that antiretroviral therapy alone in 2010 was 87.46% survival ratio, integrative medicine is 98.29%. Western therapy alone was 16.59% abnormal liver function, in combination therapy to 11.61%, a variety of Chinese and Western medicine combined are much lower than the incidence of bad doctors.
According to reports, China announced in 1985 the first cases of AIDS deaths, as of September 2011, China had reported HIV infection and the patient was 42.9 million cases. As of the end of 2010, Yunnan Province has reported HIV infection and the patient more than 80,000 cases, which ranked first in the country. At present, Yunnan has 13 pilot Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS, the cumulative AIDS and patients treated over 6000 cases, accounting for about half the cases treated the pilot project.
Ma Kejian said that China is trying to explore a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, "the road of Chinese-style treatment of AIDS." Clinical and research practice has shown that doctors are good anti-viral therapy, Chinese medicine to restore the body's immune system, good protection, the combination of the two AIDS patients can benefit most current Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the field of Chinese medicine treatment of AIDS has been more than 10 a national and provincial research projects, the future will continue to carry out anti-viral mechanism of Chinese medicine, the body's immune system protection and recovery, combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment of AIDS, AIDS and other aspects of traditional Chinese medicines.
(LI Huai-Yan Yao Ruo Li Meng)
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