科技助力传染病防治
——我国艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治重大专项成果显著
新华网北京３月２９日电（记者黄小希）这是一场向艾滋病、病毒性肝炎和结核病等重大传染病的宣战。
这是一次与“偷袭”人类的新发突发传染病的较量。
“十一五”期间，投入总经费约３４亿元的艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治重大专项，凝聚起一支近万人的科研队伍，围绕“艾滋病、病毒性肝炎和结核病的发病率和病死率”等目标，突破了一批关键技术，形成了一批产品——
ＤＮＡ／复制型痘苗病毒疫苗已完成１ｂ期临床试验，正在筹备Ⅱ期临床试验，在临床试验人群中，儿童艾滋病病死率由２００３年的３８．８／１００人年降低到目前的０．７１／１００人年；
成人艾滋病一线治疗方案付诸实施，副作用显著降低，费用仅为进口药物方案的十二分之一；
６０微克的高剂量乙肝疫苗研制成功，一针注射的效果可达８０％以上，可用于流动人口乙肝的控制，有望大幅降低乙肝的新发感染率；
具有我国完全自主知识产权的治疗性疫苗“乙克”已在２０１０年底完成符合国际规范的Ⅲ期临床试验；
成功研制出系列结核病诊断产品，显著提高了结核菌检出率，并缩短了检测时间，使结核病缺乏有效诊断的局面得到初步改观……
一方面，国家布下了防控艾滋病等传染病的“天罗地网”；另一方面，科技的突飞猛进，为有效降低一些重大传染病的发病率和病死率提供了重要支撑。
数据表明，在各相关部门的相互配合下，我国累计治疗的艾滋病病人突破１０万人，病死率从２００８年的１６．１／１００人年下降到２００９年的１３．５／１００人年。
中国性病艾滋病预防控制中心首席专家邵一鸣在接受新华社记者采访时表示，经过多年努力，我国艾滋病上升的迅猛势头得到了充分遏制，２０１０年底前将感染者控制在１５０万人的目标已经实现。
在结核病防治方面，根据２０１０年全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查结果，我国１５岁及以上人群传染性肺结核患病率为６６／１０万，较２０００年的１６９／１０万下降６０％以上。
与此同时，通过专题研究、建立实验室网络、公用技术平台、产学研用联盟、传染病防治综合示范区等形式，我国形成了多方联动的网络化技术保障体系，初步建立了重大传染病防控科技支撑体系。
据科技部重大专项办介绍，传染病监测技术平台有效促进了监测与检测技术由国家向地方的转移，实现监测能力由点到面的提升。综合防治示范区初步实现了各类资源的区域性集中，部署了５个综合示范区和１０个单病种现场研究课题，基础条件建设取得重要进展。在约２０００万人口的区域内重点开展了基线调查、电子档案建立等基础性工作，加大了综合防控措施的实验力度。
艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治重大专项带来的不仅是应对“传统”传染病的水平进一步提高，还推动了新发突发传染病应急能力的显著增强。
回眸过去５年，禽流感、甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感、手足口病、“蜱咬病”“超级细菌”……这些过去不为人知或者鲜为人知的名词相继闯入大众视野。中国疾控中心相关负责人表示，得益于传染病检测技术平台项目，我国形成了由１４个牵头实验室、７７个合作实验室和２４０个哨点医院组成、跨区域、跨部门的传染病监测网络实验室，这使我国在遭遇新发突发传染病时，不再打“无准备之战”。
人们清楚地记得，２００９年甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感疫情突然来袭，正是７２小时成功研制出诊断试剂使我国迅速具备了应对疫情的“武器”。随即成为在世界上第一个成功研制甲型Ｈ１Ｎ１流感疫苗的国家，为我国控制大流感疫情发挥了重要支撑作用。鉴于我国在流感监测和检测等方面能力的提升，以及对我国在流感大流行中应对能力的肯定，世界卫生组织将我国国家流感中心任命为全球第５家、发展中国家首家全球流感参比和研究合作中心。
在“十二五”开局之年的春天，好消息又一次传来。我国首次在世界上证实“发热伴血小板减少综合征”的病原为一种新型布尼亚病毒。这一发现，确定了在我国部分地区所发生“蜱咬病”的元凶。
“新布尼亚病毒的发现，是继ＳＡＲＳ冠状病毒发现以来全球在病原学研究领域中的又一个重大突破，得到了国际科学界的重视和认同，表明我国病原学及新发传染病的研究达到一个更高水平。”中国疾控中心主任王宇表示。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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AIDS and viral hepatitis in China and other major infectious diseases remarkable results
March 29, 2011 10:32:28 Source: Xinhua
Communicable Disease Control Power Technology
- AIDS and viral hepatitis in China and other major infectious diseases remarkable achievements of major projects
Xinhua Beijing March 29 (Xinhua Huang Xiaoxi) This is a to AIDS, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis and other major infectious diseases declaration of war.
This is the one with the "attack" human trial of emerging outbreaks of infectious diseases.
"Eleventh Five-Year" period, the total funds invested about 34 billion of major infectious diseases such as AIDS and viral hepatitis prevention and control of major projects, nearly ten thousand people gather together a research team, focusing on "AIDS, the incidence of viral hepatitis and tuberculosis and mortality "and other goals, breaking a number of key technologies, the formation of a group of products -
DNA / replication-type vaccinia virus vaccine has completed phase 1b clinical trial, is preparing for phase Ⅱ clinical trial, clinical trials in the crowd, by the Pediatric AIDS mortality decreased in 2003 to 38.8/100 person-years to the current 0.71 / 100 person-years;
First-line treatment of adult AIDS implemented, significantly reduce the side effects, costs only one-twelfth of imported drug program;
The high dose of 60 micrograms hepatitis B vaccine successfully developed, the effect of a needle injection of more than 80%, hepatitis B can be used to control the floating population is expected to significantly reduce new-onset hepatitis B infection;
With completely independent intellectual property rights of therapeutic vaccine "B g" has been completed by the end of 2010 in line with international norms Ⅲ clinical trials;
Successfully developed a series of TB diagnostic products, significantly increased the detection rate of TB, and shorten the detection time, the lack of effective diagnosis of tuberculosis has been initially change the situation ... ...
On the one hand, the state laid the prevention and control of AIDS and other infectious diseases, "dragnet"; the other hand, technological advances, some of the major infectious diseases in order to reduce morbidity and mortality provide important support.
Data show that co-operation between the relevant departments under the treatment of AIDS patients in China totaled over 10 million people, the mortality of 16.1/100 person-years from 2008 down to 2009, 13.5/100 person-years.
Chinese Center for STD and AIDS Prevention and Control Shao Yiming, chief expert told Xinhua in an interview that after years of efforts, the momentum of the rapid rise of AIDS have been fully checked, before the end of 2010 to 150 million people infected with the control objectives have been achieved.
In tuberculosis control, according to the 2010 Fifth National epidemiological survey of tuberculosis, aged 15 and over crowd of infectious tuberculosis prevalence was 66/10 million, compared with 169/10 million in 2000, down 60% or more .
At the same time, through case studies, the establishment of laboratory networks, common technology platform, production and research with the Union, comprehensive prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and other forms of demonstration areas, the formation of a multi-linkage of network technology security system, initially established a major infectious disease prevention control technology support system.
Major projects, according to Ministry of Science and Office of introduction, disease surveillance technology platform effectively promote the monitoring and detection technology transfer by the state to local to realize monitoring capabilities to the surface from the point of upgrading. Prevention and control demonstration area of the initial realization of the regional concentration of various resources, the deployment of five comprehensive demonstration area and 10 field studies of single disease topic, important progress made in building the basic conditions. About 20 million people in the region focus on the baseline survey, electronic file creation and other infrastructure work, a comprehensive prevention and control measures to increase the experimental efforts.
Major infectious diseases such as AIDS and viral hepatitis prevention and control of major projects should not only bring "traditional" to further enhance the level of infectious diseases, but also promoted the emerging infectious disease emergency response capabilities were significantly enhanced.
Looking back over the past 5 years, avian influenza, H1N1, hand, foot and mouth disease, "tick bite" disease "super bacteria" ... ... these unknown or little-known term in the past have entered the public view. Chinese official says the CDC, the project benefited from the infectious disease detection technology platform, our country formed by 14 leading laboratories, 77 laboratories and 240 co-sentinel hospital component, cross-regional, inter-departmental infectious diseases Laboratory monitoring network, which made our country in the event of new outbreaks of infectious diseases, no longer playing the "no war preparations."
People remember 2009, influenza A H1N1 flu suddenly struck, it successfully developed 72 hours of rapid diagnostic kits to deal with the outbreak of the "weapons." Then become the world's first successful development of the national influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine for the control of pandemic influenza outbreaks in China have played an important supporting role. In view of the influenza surveillance and detection capacity enhancement, as well as in China in the influenza pandemic response capacity of the positive, the World Health Organization National Influenza Center of China appointed as the world's first 5, the first developing countries to global influenza reference and research cooperation centers.
In the "second five" first year in the spring, the good news came again. Confirmed for the first time in the world of "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome" as a new type of Bunia pathogenic virus. This finding, confirmed that occur in some regions of China, "Disease tick bite," the culprit.
"The new discovery of the virus in Bunia, following the SARS coronavirus has been found in areas of the world in the etiology of another major breakthrough by the international scientific community's attention and recognition, that of the pathogens and emerging infectious diseases to achieve a higher level. "CDC Director Wang Yu of China said.
