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HIV病毒侵犯人体 艾滋病初期症状有哪些？
http://www.youth.cn 2011-05-18 18:22:00 中国青年网
艾滋病是一种HIV病毒侵犯人体免疫系统的疾病，HIV本身并不会引发任何疾病，而是当免疫系统被HIV破坏后，人体由于抵抗能力过低，丧失复制免疫细胞的机会，并感染其它的疾病导致各种复合感染而死亡。
从感染病毒到发病，艾滋病临床上分为四期：急性感染期、潜伏期、艾滋病初期、典型艾滋病期。急性感染期和潜伏期通常没有显著症状或任何症状，感染者和别人完全不会觉察。当病情发展到艾滋病初期，大部分感染者会出现各种不同症状。那么，艾滋病初期症状有哪些？
艾滋病初期症状之一：全身症状
艾滋病患者的临床症状最常见的是反复出现的低热（约占72％），伴有寒战、消瘦、疲乏无力，体重下降（可达5～22公斤），继之极度嗜睡无力，不能支持平常的体力活动。慢性腹泻也是某些艾滋病人的十分明显的早期临床表现。并且常找不到发热、腹泻和体重减轻的原因。根据38例艾滋病的临床表现特征分析，以上症状及体征均占总病例数的80％以上。
艾滋病初期症状之二：淋巴结肿大
发生率为55％～100％，当高危人群患者出现全身淋巴结肿大又不能用其他原因解释时，很可能与艾滋病毒感染有关。肿大的淋巴结虽然是全身性的，但是多见于颈后、颌下或腋下淋巴结。肿大的淋巴结不融合，质硬，偶有压痛，表面皮肤无改变。淋巴结肿大的程度与血清内艾滋病抗体滴度高低相关。 此外，艾滋病伴发有淋巴瘤，包括Burkitts淋巴瘤，免疫母细胞淋巴瘤及何杰金氏病等亦可发生淋巴结肿大。
艾滋病初期症状之三：各种感染
此期除了上述的浅表淋巴结肿大和全身症状外，患者经常出现各种特殊性或复发性的非致命性感染。反复感染会加速病情的发展，使疾病进入典型的艾滋病期。约有半数病人有比较严重的脚癣，通常是单侧的，对局部治疗缺乏有效的反应，病人的腋窝和腹股沟部位常发生葡萄球菌感染大疱性脓庖疮，病人的肛周、生殖器、负重部位和口腔黏膜常发生尖锐湿疣和寻常疣病毒感染。口唇单纯疱疹和胸部带状疱疹的发生率也较正常人群明显增加。口腔白色念菌也相当常见，主要表现为口腔黏膜糜烂、充血、有乳酪状覆盖物。
其他常见的感染有非链球菌性咽炎，急性和慢性鼻窦炎和肠道寄生虫感染。许多病人排便次数增多，变稀、带有黏液。可能与直肠炎及多种病原微生物对肠道的侵袭有关。此外，口腔可出现毛状白斑，毛状白斑的存在是早期诊断艾滋病的重要线索。
艾滋病初期症状之四：皮肤损害
皮肤粘膜是艾滋病侵袭的主要部位之一。许多艾滋病患者是以皮肤损害为首发症状的。在临床上有多种表现，如皮疹、全身瘙痒、尖锐湿疣，接触性湿疣、荨麻疹等。但皮肤损害最具特征的是卡波济氏肉瘤的皮肤改变，其损害表现在后面章节还要专门介绍，在此不多述。
艾滋病初期症状之五：中枢神经系统症状
神经紊乱病症已被公认为儿童与成年人艾滋病患者发病与致死的常见原因。临床表现有20%～40%的艾滋病患者有神经性疾病。在尸体检验中有中枢神经系统疾病的患者高达7Q％～80％，中枢神经系统症状常与各种机会感染引起的症状并存，较常见的有亚急性脑炎。本病为原因不明、无明显炎症反应，非特异性白质变性、常为艾滋病的首发症状，往往以疲倦、性欲减退等起病，后期发展为严重痴呆。据美国纽约对102例患艾滋病死亡者作尸检时发现，96例（占94．1％）有弥散性或局限性脑病变。这些患者死前显有痴呆症的65例中，45例（占69．2％）有弥散性脑病变。此外还有报导，对235例艾滋病患者做精神神经病的会诊，发现有121例（占51．5％）患有不同程度的痴呆。另外，后期患者常可见条件致病菌所诱发的脑炎或大脑炎。
艾滋病试纸提供中心王教授提醒大家，艾滋病初期症状没有特异性，不排除其它原因所致，自己切不可“对症入座”。有的人全身是“艾滋病初期症状”，但检测结果是阴性。有的人全身无任何症状，但检测结果是阳性。有的人有艾滋病初期症状，检测结果也是阳性。有过不安全行为，不管有无症状或者症状如何，都不能说明是否感染艾滋病，应该到卫生检测部门做艾滋病检测或使用艾滋病检测试纸在专业人员指导下进行自我检测，以检测结果作为艾滋病诊断标准。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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Violations of human AIDS virus HIV early symptoms of what?
China Youth Net http://www.youth.cn 2011-05-18 18:22:00
HIV, AIDS is a violation of the human immune system diseases, HIV itself does not cause any disease, but HIV when the immune system is destroyed, the human body as resistance is too low, the loss of the opportunity to copy the immune cells, and infect other disease causes a variety of complex infection and death.
From infection to disease, AIDS clinical divided into four phases: acute infection period, incubation period, AIDS early, typical of AIDS. Acute infection and incubation period is usually no significant symptoms or no symptoms, infected people and others will not perceive. When the early progression to AIDS, most infections will be a variety of different symptoms. So, what are early symptoms of AIDS?
One of the early symptoms of AIDS: systemic symptoms
AIDS is the most common clinical symptoms of recurrent fever (about 72%), chills, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, weight loss (up to 5 ~ 22 kg), followed by extreme lethargy, weakness, can not support normal physical activity. Chronic diarrhea is also very obvious in some people with AIDS, the early clinical performance. And often no fever, diarrhea and weight loss reasons. 38 cases of AIDS, according to clinical features of the above symptoms and signs are the total number of cases over 80%.
Early symptoms of AIDS II: lymph nodes
Rate was 55% to 100%, when the high risk patients without lymph node enlargement can be used to explain other reasons, it is possible with HIV infection. Enlarged lymph nodes, although systemic, but more common in the back of the neck, submandibular or axillary lymph nodes. Enlarged lymph nodes and fusion, hard, sometimes tenderness, no change in the surface of the skin. The extent of lymph node enlargement and the level of serum antibody titers of AIDS-related. In addition, there lymphoma associated with AIDS, including Burkitts lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma immunity can also occur such as lymph nodes.
Early symptoms of AIDS, three: a variety of infections
This period in addition to the superficial lymph nodes and systemic symptoms, patients often give rise to various special or recurrent non-fatal infections. Repeated infections disease will accelerate the development of the disease into the typical of AIDS. About half of the patients have more serious athlete's foot, usually unilateral, and lack of effective response to local treatment, the patient's armpit and groin area aureus infection often occurs bullous kitchen septic sores, patients with perianal, genital, weight location and occurrence of oral warts and verruca vulgaris often infected. Lips, herpes simplex and herpes zoster incidence of chest compared to the control group increased significantly. Oral Candida albicans strains is quite common, mainly for oral mucosal erosion, hyperemia, a cheese-like cover.
Other common infections of non-streptococcal pharyngitis, acute and chronic sinusitis, and intestinal parasitic infections. Many patients increased frequency of defecation, thinning, with mucus. May be associated with proctitis and a variety of pathogenic microorganisms on the invasion of the intestinal tract. In addition, oral hairy leukoplakia can occur, the presence of hairy leukoplakia is an important clue to early diagnosis of AIDS.
Early symptoms of AIDS four: skin lesions
HIV attacks the skin and mucous membranes is one of the main parts. AIDS is the number of skin lesions as the initial symptom. There are a variety of clinical manifestations, such as rash, body itching, warts, contact warts, urticaria. But the most characteristic skin lesions are Kaposi sarcoma skin changes, the performance of the damage even in the later chapters devoted to, in this small state.
Five early symptoms of AIDS: central nervous system symptoms
Symptoms of neurological disorders has been recognized that children and adults with AIDS incidence and common causes of death. Clinical manifestations of 20% to 40% of AIDS patients with neurological diseases. In the autopsy in patients with central nervous system diseases as high 7Q% ~ 80%, central nervous system symptoms often associated with symptoms of infection caused by a variety of opportunities exist, the more common subacute encephalitis. The disease is unknown reasons, no significant inflammatory reaction, a qualitative change of non-specific white, and often the first symptom of AIDS, often fatigue, loss of libido and other onset, late development of severe dementia. According to New York on 102 patients who died of AIDS patients for autopsy, and 96 patients (94.1%) had diffuse or focal brain lesions. These patients have died were 65 cases of dementia, 45 patients (69.2%) had diffuse brain lesions. There are also reports of 235 cases of AIDS do spirit of the neuropathy diagnosis, found 121 cases (51.5%) had varying degrees of dementia. In addition, the latter often see opportunistic pathogen in patients with induced encephalitis or encephalitis.
Center for AIDS test strips provided (www.hiv-check.com) Professor Wang to remind you that there is no specific early symptoms of AIDS, do not rule out other causes that their must not "symptomatic seat." Some body is "the early symptoms of AIDS," but test results are negative. Some body without any symptoms, but test results are positive. Some people have early symptoms of AIDS, test results are positive. Have had unsafe behavior, regardless of how the asymptomatic or symptomatic, can not indicate whether the infection of AIDS, the health inspection departments should make HIV testing or HIV testing strips under the guidance of the professional self-test to test results as diagnostic criteria for AIDS .
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