资产价格上升的财富效应
当资产价格以惊人的速度持续向上攀升时,持有这些资产的各个家庭富有了,因为它们的财产净值在不断升值。人们感觉到自己收入增加,财富增长,信心十足,消费随之上升,而储蓄会相应减少。财富效应形成了,一好带百好,由市场赢利而溢出的需求带来了整个社会的繁荣。
财富效应(The Wealth Effect),指某种财富的累积存量达到一定规模后,必然产生对相关领域的传导效应或者是控制效应。在wikipedia 的解释中是这样的:The wealth effect is an economic term, referring to an increase in spending that accompanies an increase in perceived wealth. The effect would cause changes in the amounts and distribution of consumerconsumption caused by changes in consumer wealth. People should spend more when one of two things is true: when people actually are richer, objectively, or when people perceive themselves to be richer—for example, the assessed value of their home increases, or a stock they own goes up in price.(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_effect)
美国是一个依靠财富效应生存的国家,当美国人觉得自己的资产在增加的时候,他们会积极地消费,消费刺激投资,促进经济增长。消费对美国经济增长的贡献率达到70%以上。所以,历届美国总统和美联储主席都非常重视消费资产价格和消费信心问题。至少在美国总统竞选的时候都是以刺激消费作为一个竞选的重点,吸引选民给他们投票。