美新实验证实每日服抗艾药物可有效避免感染HIV
2011-07-19 01:10:11 来源: 网易探索
核心提示：美国旧金山一项试验证实，每天服用一种到两种抗艾滋病病毒的药物，可以起到预防传染HIV病毒的几率，忠实服药者可以达到90%的保护率。在这项实验之前，人们传统的保护措施是禁欲和使用安全套。
网易探索7月19日报道 短短几年前，人类预防HIV感染的方法还只有安全套和禁欲，不过，最新的研究结果让控制艾滋病不断蔓延的研究人员看到了希望。相关研究的内容包括包皮环切术、阴道杀菌剂、暴露前预防（未感染人群每日使用抗艾滋病药物，PrEP）、预防治疗（对感染人群的早期治疗）。虽然预防使用抗艾滋病药物不是灵丹妙药，不过却为预防HIV感染提供了有力的新方法。
最早一项突破性的暴露前预防研究叫做iPrEx，在旧金山实施，研究对象是来自六个国家的男性同性恋者。这些人中，每天服用特鲁瓦达（一种新的抗你转录病毒用药）者受感染的可能性可减少44%，不过血液检查显示：忠实服药可达到90%的保护率。国外研究人员于上周公布了两项最新研究成果，再次证实：每天服用一到两种抗艾滋病药物能够保护健康人免受致命的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染。
其中一项研究名为“性伙伴暴露前预防研究”，由华盛顿大学的研究人员在肯尼亚和乌干达完成。研究对象包括4758对“不一致性伙伴”，即其中一人已经感染HIV病毒，而另外一人没有。未感染者服用抗病毒药物预防的结果表明：每天服用特鲁瓦达（替诺福韦和恩曲他滨的复方）的志愿者受HIV感染的几率减少了73%，而每天服用替诺福韦的志愿者受感染的几率减少了62%。
另一项被称为预防治疗2的研究由美国疾病预防控制中心在博茨瓦纳完成。通过对1200名性活跃的年轻成人的观察结果表明：特鲁瓦达可降低63%的艾滋病感染几率。这两项研究的结果都会在本周于罗马召开的一次艾滋病会议上公布。不过华盛顿大学的研究被提前终止，因为在药物的预防效果非常明显的情况下，继续发放安慰剂是不道德的。
但是，今年4月的一项研究却得到了与上述各项研究不同的结果。一项针对非洲女性的研究被提前终止，因为研究人员发现药物并没有发生预防作用。研究人员怀疑受试妇女可能没有服药，或者把药给了她们受感染的男性伴侣。血液检查能准确反映受试者有没有忠实服药。这项研究和前述的两项最新研究中都提取了血液样本，不过因为研究提前终止，血液样本没有进行化验。
现在有两项类似的研究正在进行中，研究对象分别是非洲异性恋者和泰国吸毒人群。
最新研究的结果可能会让更多人要求医生开具特鲁瓦达。不过特鲁瓦达没有经过孕妇用药试验。
现代的抗逆转录病毒药物不仅可以治疗病毒感染性疾病，也能预防病毒感染。现在的问题是，要为艾滋病高发的非洲等地区提供这种药物需要更多资金，或者期望制药商降低药物的价格或开放专利。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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U.S. confirms new daily service Kangai Yao experimental material can effectively prevent HIV infection
2011-07-19 01:10:11 Source: Netease explore
Core Tip: San Francisco, a trial proved, taking a day to two anti-HIV drugs to prevent transmission of HIV can play the odds, taking the faithful can achieve 90% protection rate. In this experiment before, people's traditional protection measures are abstinence and condom use.
NetEase reported on July 19 to explore just a few years ago, human way to prevent HIV infection has only condoms and abstinence, but the latest research findings to control the spread of AIDS, researchers continue to see hope. Related studies include circumcision, vaginal microbicides, pre-exposure prophylaxis (uninfected daily anti-AIDS drugs, PrEP), prophylaxis (early treatment of infected people). Although the preventive use of anti-AIDS drugs are not a panacea, but it is the prevention of HIV infection provides a powerful new way.
The earliest a groundbreaking study called pre-exposure prophylaxis iPrEx, the implementation in San Francisco, the study is gay men from six countries. These people, daily doses of Trudeau Wada (a new anti-retroviral medication you) by the possibility of infection can be reduced by 44%, but blood tests show: up to 90% of the medication faithfully protection rate. Foreign researchers last week announced two new research results, once again confirmed: the daily doses of one to two kinds of anti-AIDS drugs to protect healthy people from the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
One study called "pre-exposure prophylaxis of sexual partners", by researchers at Washington University in Kenya and Uganda completed. Study included 4758 pairs of "inconsistency partner", that is one of them has been infected with HIV, while another did not. Did not take antiviral drugs to prevent infection results showed that: daily doses of Trudeau Wada (tenofovir and emtricitabine in combination) of the volunteers the chance of HIV infection decreased by 73%, while daily doses for tenofovir volunteers to reduce the chance of infection by 62%.
Another is called preventive treatment 2 study by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Botswana to complete. By 1,200 sexually active young adults observation revealed that: 63% Trudeau Wada reduce risk of HIV infection. The results of both studies will be held this week at an AIDS conference in Rome to announce. However, the University of Washington study was terminated early because the drug prevention effect is very obvious, to continue payment of placebo is unethical.
However, a study in April of this year has been different with the results of these studies. A study of African women's studies was terminated early because researchers found no drugs and preventive effect. The researchers suspect that women may not be taking subjects, or the drug gave them infected male partner. Blood test can accurately reflect the subjects had no medication faithfully. The research and the latest research in the aforementioned two blood samples are extracted, but because of early termination, no blood samples for testing.
There are two similar studies are in progress, the study were African heterosexuals and drug users in Thailand.
Latest research results may allow more people to the doctors issued Trudeau Nevada. But Trudeau Wada has not been pregnant drug test.
Modern anti-retroviral drugs can not only treat viral infections, can also prevent infection. The question now is, to the high incidence of AIDS in Africa and other areas of this drug need more money, or hope that pharmaceutical manufacturers to reduce drug prices or open patent.
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