国内NGO新生存规则或已形成(图)


国内NGO新生存规则或已形成(图)

2011年09月13日09:54
来源:公益时报
 
  “全球基金”对国内NGO的影响并没有想象中那么深。彭聪/作境外资金断裂境外资金冻结 本报记者 戴高城

  据了解,今年8月底,全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金(简称全球基金)解冻数亿美元对华援助资金。今年5月份,全球基金曾冻结上亿美元用于抗艾的对华援助资金。

  尽管资金被解冻,但据了解,三个项目的援助资金都比原计划有所减少,削减幅度或将超过五成。资金的消减是否会给本土的草根NGO带来影响备受人们关注。小组“被成立”

  今年4月份,国内第一家由感染人群组成的防艾社团,昆明市西山区健康关爱促进会(下简称“促进会”)低调注册。

  2007年初,促进会副秘书长普建国和几个同伴作为防艾目标人群的受益者参与到了西山区红十字会阳光家园IDU(注射吸毒人群)项目中,他们主要的工作是针对吸毒者的针具交换进行干预。

  普建国最初仅是怀着一颗感恩的心参加了这个干预小组的活动,在几次活动后,普建国结识了之后成立的促进会的其他几位核心成员,也锁定了一批他所服务的目标人群。后几经大浪淘沙,这些核心人员依然坚守,目标人群也在不断增长,普建国说:“这是小组得以注册的基础。”

  2007年底,一个属于昆明市红十字会的艾滋病综合干预项目被分配到昆明市各个区的疾控中心,普建国并未意识到这是一个机会。

  成立小组是普建国和同伴们参加IDU项目时就有过的想法,但这一想法只是一闪而过。西山区疾控中心艾滋病防疫科科长宁跃猛在去年年底前某一天找到了普建国,两人在IDU项目时就曾相识,这一次两人就许多问题做了深入交流,其中一个内容正是“普建国该成立一个相关工作小组了。”

  宁跃猛对普建国观察已久,更重要的是西山区疾控中心需要一个社会组织来协助自己完成上面分配的任务。在宁跃猛的倡导和帮助下,普建国和同伴们组建了“萤火虫小组”,工作的内容和之前的IDU项目差不多,这个小组便是促进会的前身。

  宁跃猛对《公益时报》记者说:“作为一个敏感领域,防艾抗艾小组自发成立的很少,在卫生部门的引导和帮助下成立占了绝大部分。” “被获得”合法身份 “萤火虫小组”成立之后,先后执行过多个项目。普建国和这个小组在执行这些项目的过程中自身能力也得到提升,与西山区疾控中心形成良性互动,“我们更多的是管理感染人群信息和给予他们技术支持,很多具体的工作交给他们做更合适”,宁跃猛说。这些良性互动正在促进着促进会的注册。

  对于正式注册的事情,普建国很犹豫了,“缺乏的东西太多,即便注册成功,也可能最终因年检无法通过而关闭,何况我们对注册的程序、要准备的材料一无所知。”普建国对自身和团队能力的不足认识很清楚。

  但对于注册的渴望依然强烈。薪水和社会福利无法得到保障,成为“萤火虫小组”核心人员流动频繁的一个根本原因。“只有合法的身份,才有独立的账户,很多项目才可以申请,这才是组织可持续发展的根本”,宁跃猛在接触过这么多小组后深有感触。

  现行法规要求,一个组织要申请登记注册,必须有相关的业务主管单位的批准,同时该单位必须为政府职能部门或法律法规所许可的特定机构。对于民间自发的草根NGO,尤其在某些敏感领域来说,得到相关业务主管单位的批准并申请获得登记管理机关的登记注册,是非常困难的事情。

  西山区疾控中心对于“萤火虫小组”在干预工作上出色表现是看在眼里,给予一定肯定是必然的,这个最好的肯定是帮助他们正式注册成组织。除了这个原因,宁跃猛还感觉到一个趋势,“整个境外资金的流入在减少的。一份数据也在表明,自中国GDP超过德国后,境外投入中国NGO的资金在正递减。

  疾控中心完全主导了此次注册。首先疾控中心将西山区防艾抗艾资源做了一个整合,将西山区的几个不同内容的小组整合在促进会旗下,同时疾控中心领导担任了促进会会长,宁跃猛成了促进会的秘书长,疾控中心的财务也兼任着促进会的财务,疾控中心在资源上、技术指导上都给予了促进会最大的方便。

  整个注册流程都是疾控中心在跑,而且很快促进会的注册申请就被批下来。普建国至今还不是很清楚促进会究竟有没有挂靠。网络“被收编”

  普建国和“萤火虫小组”无疑是幸运的,罗志也有这样的幸运,而且幸运中还带有一点“狡猾”。

  昆明云迪行为与健康研究中心(以下简称云迪研究中心)是2002年成立的一家以调查、研究艾滋病感染人群行为为主社会组织,最初是由昆明医学院几位老教授倡议组建注册而成。

  罗志是2005年进入到云迪研究中心,当时的身份还是志愿者。作为一位前吸毒人员,在被强制戒毒后,对于毒品的危害产生深刻的认识,因为在戒毒期间有接触过许多义工,戒毒成功后罗志也积极投身到了这个领域。

  罗志用了4年的时间得到了云迪研究中心教授们的认可,他自己也成为了一名资历深厚的同伴培训师,曾担任国际机构IDU戒毒所项目的协调员,培训员,为全球基金项目和中澳项目培训过外展人员和戒毒所同伴教员2000多名。从2008年开始,罗志开始担任云迪研究中心的管理工作。

  在罗志做培训师的那几年,他也认识各式各样的草根组织,但这些草根组织发展都不是很好,在开展一段时间工作后因为各种原因都各自解散。罗志认为各地草根组织有必要紧密联系在一起,互相学习各自的经验,在优胜劣汰的草根组织竞争中得到更好的发展。

  在他的倡议下,2008年在云迪研究中心成立了云迪—云南减少伤害网络(下称云迪减少伤害网络)组织。云南省23个市县和广西南宁市共25个草根组织加入网络,整个网络组织共有成员约280余人网络组织成员,固定管理办公室就设在了昆明的云迪研究中心。

  云迪减少伤害网络在云南草根组织的名头很大,它联合发出的一个倡导改变了国家禁毒政策方面的一个条例,这在任何一个领域都是很难,更不用说在这么一个敏感的领域。

  云迪减少伤害网络在云南省10个县、广西3个9县市开展了吸毒人员动态管控系统退出机制研究,该研究共调查了200名既往吸毒人员对吸毒人员动态管控系统的态度、影响,透析吸毒人员对动态管理系统的真实想法及评价等,最后由云南省多家组织发起联合倡导,请云南省艾滋病领域国家级专家李建华教授到国家禁毒办递交联合倡导建议书,得到了国家的认同,并于2011年成功将全国6.8万既往吸毒人员从该系统中屏蔽。

  按理说,这么一个有实力、有影响的草根组织是具备了注册的实力,但罗志对此还是采取了极其保守的态度,“无论从自身还是外部环境,注册都离NGO还有一段距离”,罗志培训师身份的一个工作是给云南各个草根组织作能力建设培训,“云南绝大部分草根组织都没有达到注册的能力,他们对NGO的管理几乎空缺”。

  罗志也没想过要给云迪减少伤害网络注册,但他很巧妙地利用了云迪研究中心的“招牌”。罗志自从参与云迪研究中心的管理工作和组建云迪减少伤害网络以来,两部分的工作已很难分开,为此他找到当初创建云迪研究中心,如今已闲赋在家的几位老教授,他们同意将云迪减少伤害网络用云迪研究中心的牌子和账户,由此云迪减少伤害网络正式被“收编”。

  这无疑是幸运的,罗志凭借自己的关系将云迪减少伤害网络送入了合法的范畴,整个网络也有了更广阔的发展空间。新游戏规则形成?

  在本土NGO通过各种途径获得“身份”的同时,全球基金项目资金的减少是否会对本土的NGO带来影响?普建国接受一家媒体时曾说过这么一段话,“据估计,云南地区受资金冻结影响的防艾草根NGO大概在160多家,绝大部分草根小组处于停工状态,我们已有6个月没发一分工资了。”但他却认为可能是记者采访时没沟通好,他向《公益时报》记者解释:“"全球基金"确实给云南的NGO带来很大影响,但这种影响只是对那种太过依赖"全球基金"的草根而言。”“以我们"萤火虫小组"为例,我们从"全球基金"申请过的资金只有34000元,这笔资金在"全球基金"的项目中只占到中等,但所能开展的活动也是有限的,"全球基金"是依据你小组的目标人群数来划定资金”,普建国进一步解释道,“至于我们6个月没发工资,与"全球基金"也并无关系,只是我们组织刚注册,许多事情还没办好,暂时没发工资而已”。

  一位前“全球基金”项目主管也认为,“全球基金”对国内NGO的影响并没有想象中那么深,国外有很多基金会投入的资金比“全球基金”多很多,其根源还是在于政府如何有效地管理这些草根NGO。

  有专家认为国内NGO生存在某些开放地区已有了广阔的空间,一个新的游戏规则正在形成。防艾的草根NGO应该去试探一下国家相关部门的底线,以便自身在将来竞争激烈的公益组织中抢占先机。







艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死,早治才康复

 
图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

红津液饮料面世 或将能预防艾滋病

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Domestic NGO has formed a new rule or survival (Figure)
      
At 09:54 on September 13, 2011 Source: Community Times
 

"Global Fund" on the domestic impact of the NGO did not imagine so deep. Peng Cong / break for overseas funds to freeze the reporter outside the capital city of wearing high

It is understood that the end of August this year, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) unfreeze billions of dollars in aid to China. May this year, the Global Fund has frozen billions of dollars of aid to China for anti-AIDS funds.

Although the funds have been unfrozen, but it is understood, than the three projects planned aid decline, cuts or over half. Whether the reduction of funds will impact the local grass-roots NGO much attention. Group "was established"

In April, the first company formed by the infected people AIDS prevention community, Xishan Health Care Association (hereinafter the "Association"), low-key register.

In early 2007, Deputy Secretary General founding of the Association and several companions as AIDS prevention target population of beneficiaries in the Xishan District Red Cross Society Sunshine home IDU (injecting drug users) project, their main job is to needles for drug users interfere with the exchange.

Initially the founding of S & P is only with a grateful heart participated in the intervention group's activities in several activities, the general established after the founding of the Association met several other core members, but also locked a group of his services target population. After several Ebb Tide, who still adhere to the core, the target population is also growing, the founding general, said: "This is the group allowed to register the foundation."

The end of 2007, an integrated part of Kunming Red Cross AIDS intervention project was assigned to each area of ​​the CDC, Kunming, founding general did not realize this is an opportunity.

Set up group is general and his companions to participate in nation-building project IDU have had the idea, but the idea just flashed by. Xishan Section Changning CDC AIDS prevention jump fierce one day before the end of last year to find a common founding, the two had met in the IDU project, this time with him on many issues to do an in-depth exchange of one of the content is "The founding of the establishment of a common group of related work."

Ning Yue Meng long observation of the founding of S & P, more importantly, Xishan District CDC requires a social organization to help complete their assigned tasks above. Jump in rather fierce advocacy and help, and the founding general partner have formed a "Firefly team" work content and similar projects before the IDU, the group is the Association's predecessor.

Ning Yue Meng of the "public good Times" correspondent said: "As a sensitive area, AIDS prevention initiative to set up anti-AIDS group of little guidance in the health sector and help set up accounts for most of the.", "Is to obtain" legitimate identity "Firefly Group" after its establishment, has performed multiple projects. S & P and the founding of the group in the implementation process of these projects has also improved its ability, a positive interaction with the Xishan District CDC, "more of our people is to manage the infection and give them technical support information, a lot of concrete work to They make more appropriate, "rather jump Meng said. The interaction is to promote the Association's registration.

Officially registered for the things, the founding general very hesitant, "the lack of too many things, even if the registration is successful, it could ultimately shut down due to not pass the annual inspection, not to mention our registration procedures, knowledge of materials to be prepared. "general ability of the founding team of their own lack of understanding and very clear.

But the desire is still strong for registration. Salary and social welfare can not be guaranteed as "Firefly group" core staff turnover is a fundamental reason. "Only legal status, have a separate account, a lot of projects before they can apply, this is fundamental to sustainable development organization," rather jump fierce group in contact after so many deep feelings.

Current regulations, an organization to apply for registration, must have the relevant business unit in charge of the approval, while the unit must be government departments or the specific laws and regulations permit agencies. For non-spontaneous grass-roots NGO, especially in certain sensitive areas, it has been approved by the relevant business unit in charge of the registration authority and apply for the registration, it is very difficult.

Xishan CDC for "Firefly group" outstanding performance in the intervention work is to look in the eyes and give them certainly is inevitable, this is certainly the best to help them become officially registered organization. In addition to this, Ning Yue Meng also feel a trend, "the inflow of foreign capital in the reduction. A data also show that since China's GDP exceeded that of Germany, the foreign investment funds in the Chinese NGO's are decreasing.

CDC completely dominated the registration. First, the Xishan District AIDS Prevention CDC AIDS resources to do an anti-integration, the Xishan group in several different aspects of the integration of the Association's, and CDC leadership as the Association president, rather jump into fierce Association Secretary-General, CDC also serves the Association's financial financial, CDC in terms of resources, technical guidance, both to give the Association the greatest convenience.

CDC in the registration process is running, and soon Association approved the application for registration was down. Pu founding date is not yet clear whether there is any affiliated Association. Network "was incorporated"

P statehood and "Firefly group" is undoubtedly lucky, Peter Lo has so lucky, but also a bit lucky, "cunning."

Kunming Yundi Behavior and Health Research Center (hereinafter referred to as Yundi Research Center) was established in 2002 to investigate a research-based HIV-infected people conduct social organization, was originally proposed by Professor Kunming Medical College, a few old initiative set up registration is made .

Luo Zhi 2005 into Yundi research centers, or volunteer status at that time. As a former drug addicts, drug treatment, after being forced, for the dangers of drugs have a profound understanding of the drug because many volunteers during the contact, after the success of Peter Lo drug also an active part in the field.

Luo Zhi took four years to get a Wendy's professors recognized research center, he also became a strong companion trainer qualifications, has served as international institutions IDU drug coordinator of the project, trainers, the world fund projects and programs in Australia and trained outreach workers and peer educators more than 2,000 drug addiction treatment. Starting in 2008, Peter Lo has served as Yundi research center management.

In the Luo Zhi trainer to do that a few years, he also recognizes a variety of grassroots organizations, but these are not very good grass-roots development organization, in carrying out the work after a period of time for various reasons, have their own dissolution. Luo Zhi local grassroots organizations that need to work closely together, learn from each other their experiences, grassroots organization in the survival of the fittest in the development of better competition.

Under his initiative, in 2008 established a research center Yundi Yundi - Yunnan Harm Reduction Network (hereinafter referred to as Wendy Harm Reduction Network) organization. 23 counties in Yunnan Province and Guangxi Nanning total of 25 grassroots organizations to join the network, the network organization is a membership network of about 280 members, a fixed management office is located in Kunming, Wendy Research Center.

Yundi Harm Reduction Network in Yunnan, the name of the first great grass-roots organization, it is jointly issued a national drug policy change initiated in a Bill, which is difficult in any field, let alone in such a sensitive area .

Yundi Harm Reduction Network 10 counties in Yunnan, Guangxi, 3 9 counties and cities to carry out the drug addicts out of the system Dynamic control mechanism, the study investigated a total of 200 drug addicts for addicts previous dynamic control system, attitude, affect, dialysis drug users on a true idea of ​​dynamic management and evaluation system, etc. Finally, many initiated by the Yunnan Province, joint advocacy, please Yunnan AIDS expert Professor Li Jianhua national submission to the UNODC, the United States initiated the proposal by the State of recognition and success in 2011 will be the national past 68,000 drug addicts in the shield from the system.

It stands to reason, such a strong, influential grassroots organization is registered with the strength, but Luo Zhi have taken an extremely conservative, or attitude, "either from their own or external environment, registrations are still some distance away from the NGO" , Luo Zhi trainer is to work as a grass-roots organization in all of Yunnan for capacity-building training, "Yunnan most grassroots organizations do not have the ability to register their vacancies on the NGO's management is almost."

Luo Zhi is also thought to give Wendy Harm Reduction Network registration, but he is very clever use of Yundi Research Center "sign." Luo Zhi since Yundi research centers involved in the management and the formation of Wendy Harm Reduction Network has two parts has been difficult to separate, for which he found had created Yundi Research Center, is now busy at home, a few old professors assigned They agreed with Yundi Yundi Harm Reduction Network Research Center of the brand and accounts, which Yundi Harm Reduction Network was officially "incorporated."

This is undoubtedly lucky, Luo Zhi virtue of their relationship will cloud Di Harm Reduction Network into a legal category, the network also have a broader space for development. The formation of the new rules of the game?

In the local NGO through a variety of ways to get "status" at the same time, the Global Fund project is the reduction in funding will impact the local NGO? A general acceptance of the founding of the media had said so many words, "It is estimated by the Yunnan AIDS Prevention effects of the freezing of funds is probably in more than 160 grass-roots NGO, most grassroots groups in a suspended state, we have 6 months made a point not pay. "But he told reporters that may not communicate well, he told the" public good Times "correspondent explained:" "Global Fund" to Yunnan NGO does have a great impact, but this impact is too dependent on the kind of "Global Fund" in terms of grass-roots. "" our "Firefly group", for example, from the "Global Fund" applied for only 34,000 yuan of funds, the funds in the "Global Fund" project only to the medium, but also activities that can be limited, "Global Fund" is based on your group number to designate the funds target population ", the founding general further explained," As for the six months we received no wages, and the "Global Fund" has no relationship, only just registered our organization, many things not good, no pay for being just. "

A former "Global Fund" project manager also believes that the "Global Fund" on the domestic impact of the NGO did not imagine so deep, there are many foundations of foreign capital invested than the "Global Fund" a lot more, its source or how the Government is effective management of these grass-roots NGO.

Some experts believe the domestic NGO to survive in some areas has been a vast open space, a new game is taking shape. AIDS prevention grass-roots NGO should go to test the bottom line of relevant state departments for their own competitive in the future of public service organizations to gain an advantage.

 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2011-9-13    文章录入:nnb ]