高考版块英语基础语法讲解第29期(2010年9月11日)


  shall和should的用法一.Shall的用法:

  1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:

  What shall we do this evening?

  2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:

  Shall we begin our lesson?

  When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

  3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:

  You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)

  He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)

  He shall be punished. (威胁)

  二.Should的用法:

  1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:

  You should go to class right away.

  Should I open the window?

  Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子:

  ① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。

  ② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。

  ③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。

  ④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。

  从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

  Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如:

  ⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。

  ⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。

  ⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。

  此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如:

  ⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?

  ⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?

  — How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?

  ⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

  2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it.

  I should have helped her, but I never could.

  You should have started earlier. will和would的用法1. 表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:

  Would you pass me the book?

  2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如:

  I will never do that again.

  They asked if we would do that again.

  The door won't open

  3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如:

  This will be the book you want.

  He will have arrived by now.

  The guests would have arrived by that time.

  I thought you would have finished this by now.

  4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:

  The wound would not heal.

  During the vacation he would visit me every week.

  5. 表料想或猜想。如:

  It would be about ten when he left home.

  What would she be doing there?

  I thought he would have told you all about it.

  1. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where __________ I have put it? (2007福建卷)

  A. can                                 B. must

  C. should                            D. would

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案:A 句子说我的mp4不在了,我能把它放在哪呢?can在此表推测,“can+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测,主要用于否定式或疑问句中。句意为:我的MP4不在包里,我会把它放到哪里去了呢?

  2. — She looks very happy. She __________ have passed the exam.

  — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007江苏卷)

  A. should                           B. could

  C. must                             D. might

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案:C 句子说她很高兴,一定是考的不错。我也这样想的,毕竟考试不算难,。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。由于“她看上去气色不错”,而且“考试也不难”,所以她一定是通过了考试。