shall和should的用法一.Shall的用法:
1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:
What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如:
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:
You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)
二.Should的用法:
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来。
此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚?
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里?
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢?
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如: She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier. will和would的用法1. 表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如:
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
The door won't open
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如:
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
1. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where __________ I have put it? (2007福建卷)
A. can B. must
C. should D. would
本帖隐藏的内容
答案:A 句子说我的mp4不在了,我能把它放在哪呢?can在此表推测,“can+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测,主要用于否定式或疑问句中。句意为:我的MP4不在包里,我会把它放到哪里去了呢?
2. — She looks very happy. She __________ have passed the exam.
— I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007江苏卷)
A. should B. could
C. must D. might
本帖隐藏的内容
答案:C 句子说她很高兴,一定是考的不错。我也这样想的,毕竟考试不算难,。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。由于“她看上去气色不错”,而且“考试也不难”,所以她一定是通过了考试。
高考版块英语基础语法讲解第29期(2010年9月11日)
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