Monday, Oct. 26, 1942 (1942年10月26日)
THE DESPERATE URGENCY OF FLIGHT
绝命逃荒
TIME'S Correspondent Theodore H. White last week cabled
from Chungkingthis dispatch on starvation in China:
上周《时代》记者白修德于重庆发回这篇电报新闻,讲述了中国大饥荒。
Twenty or more thousand square miles in northern Honan
Province are clutched in the grip of hunger. Men and
women are eating the bark of trees and grass roots;
swollen-bellied children are being sold for grain.
Thousands have already died, hundreds of thousands are
failing, ten millions face the slow winter-long
agony of starvation.
Causes: 1) the Japanese, who destroyed the rice
before they retreated;
2) the gods, who sent no rain for the wheat.
饥饿的死神笼罩了河南北部两万多平方英里的地区。饥饿的人们在吃树皮和草根;为了一点口粮,因饥饿而浮肿的孩子们在不断地被卖掉。
数千人已经死亡,数十万人命垂一线,上千万人面临漫漫冬日的饥饿煎熬。原因:1)日本兵,在撤退前毁坏了大米;2) 上帝,没为小麦下一滴雨。
Honan Province is shaped like a sloppy rectangle and
is bounded on the northeast by the Japanese army,
which also occupies one-third of its area.
Seventy counties are left free in Honan.
The 35 counties crowded close against the Japanese
in the northeast pocket are being withered by
the worst civilian disaster in China since
the outbreak of war. Refugees crossing the Chinese
lines from Shantung report worse conditions there
than in Honan. The refugees drift along in a stupor
of hunger and despair, having no destination,
but only the desperate urgency of flight.
河南像一个伤感的长方形,它的东北部被日军控制,占据了三分之一的面积。河南有70个县未被日军占领;东北部的35个县灾民拥挤,对阵日军,一片凋零。自从战争爆发以来,这里发生了中国最严重的平民灾难。越过中方控制线的山东难民说,山东的状况比河南更糟糕。
绝望的难民们饥肠辘辘,恍恍惚惚,缓慢地向前移动。他们没有目的地,只是绝命逃荒。
Missionary E. P. Ashcraft wrote from Chengchow in
September: " At the mission a few days ago six children
were tied to a tree by their parents so they would not
follow them as they went in search of food. One mother
with a baby and two older children,tired from the
long search for food, sat down to rest under the tree.
She sent the two older children to the village ahead
to beg a little food. When they returned the mother
had died of starvation and the baby was still trying
to nurse at her breast. These are just a few authentic
reports which come to us. Children are being sold,
I mean larger ones, both boys andgirls, for less than
ten dollars."
E. P. Ashcraft 牧师9月份在郑州写到:“几天前,在我的教区里,6个孩子被他们的父母绑到树上,这样就不会跟着他们去找食物了。一位母亲,找食物找了很久,累了,坐在一棵树下休息。她有一个婴儿和两个大一点的孩子。她让两个孩子去前面的村子去讨饭。当他们回来时,母亲已经饿死了,婴儿还在尽力地吸着她的奶头。我们还得到一些真实的报告。人们在卖儿卖女,我是说,那些稍大一点的孩子还卖不到10元”。
Catholic Bishop Paul Yu-pin returned to Chungking
last week from a tour of the stricken areas. In Loyang
he saw bundles of leaves being sold to refugees
for food, a dollar a bunch. Children's bellies were
bloated and distended with such Foodstuffs.
Sometimes starving families collect all remnants
of food in their homes, eat their last meal and
then commit suicide. While the Bishop was visiting
one village, a farmer gathered his family round him,
fed them their last full meal and then told them
he had poisoned the food they had just eaten.
罗马天主教主教于斌(字冠五,号希岳,英文名Paul Yu Pin,1901年4月13日-1978年8月16日,译者注)游历灾区后于上周返回重庆。在洛阳他看到树叶作为食品卖给了难民,一元一束。孩子们吃了这样食物,肚子都浮肿膨胀了。有时,一些饥饿的家庭将家里所有剩余的食品收集起来,吃最后一顿饭,然后自杀。主教经过了一个村子,一个农民将家人聚在一起,吃了最后一顿饱饭。之后他说,他在饭里下毒了。
At night time missionaries rove the roads picking
up waifs.They are afraid to collect children
publicly for fear of increasing the abandonment of
children on mission doorsteps. Other missionaries
report an alarming increase of armed assaults on
roads as hunger-mad peasants seek food.
Farmers are starting to kill farm animals for meat.
夜间,传教士沿路游走,收养流浪儿。他们不敢公开收养,害怕在教堂门前会有更多被抛弃的孩子。其他传教士报告说,由于饿得发疯的难民寻求食物,路上的械斗攻击急剧增加。农民开始杀死农家动物充饥。
From the 20,000-sq.-mile blighted area,
refugees are streaming in hundreds of thousands
along two main routes: the Lunghai railway and
the trail of the old Peking-Hankow railway.
The Government has placed a free train daily
for refugee disposal along the Lunghai railway,
which is carrying out 1,500 people every 24 hours.
But the jammed cars, stuffed with clinging,
clambering people, are evacuating only a
portion of the stricken hordes. Four or
five thousand people daily are setting out
on the westward march along the line.
来自这两万多平方英里灾区的难民成千上万,沿着两个路线流动:陇海铁路和老北京-汉口铁路。政府每天安排一辆免费列车,用于陇海铁路的难民安置。它每24小时就运送1500人。拥挤的车厢, 塞满了摩肩接踵、彼此攀爬的人们。但是,他们仅仅是难民游荡大军的一部分。每天都有四五千人沿着铁路线西行。
The flat and usually fertile plains of Honan
are periodically visited by famine, but the
last great famine, in 1927, was alleviated
by rushing food supplies down railways from
Manchuria. The railways and Manchuria are
both in Japanese hands now, and all other roads
within Honan have been cut in ribbons by
the Chinese to prevent a Japanese advance.
平坦肥沃的河南大地经常爆发饥荒,最近最大的一次发生于1927年。由于从满洲沿铁路送来的急救食品供应,灾情得到缓解。如今,铁路和满洲处于日本的掌控之下,而且,河南境内的其他道路条条都被中国人切断,以阻止日军的前行。
Unless farmers get seed grain within the
next two weeks, it will be too late to plant
the winter wheat and next spring there will be
no harvest either. The Chinese Government is
rushing 1,000,000 piculs of seed grain from
Shensi Province and the same amount from Anhwei.
It is also urging farmers not to eat seed grain,
but to plant it, assuring them that
supplies for their relief are being rushed.
种植冬小麦为时已晚,明年春天将会颗粒无收,除非农民在下两周内得到粮种。中国政府正在从山西和安徽各紧急调拨粮种1百万担。政府也在劝规农民不要吃粮种,要去播种。政府向农民保证他们的救援物质正在紧急调拨中。
The Government has appropriated $10,000,000 Chinese
for direct relief and ordered the Food Ministry to
rush seed grain to the threatened areas.
United China Relief appropriated $400,000 Chinese
in August, $1,200,000 in September and $3,000,000
so far in October. The main relief agency is
the Farmer's Bank, which has appropriated
$40,000,000 for relief projects such as well-digging and irrigation.
政府已经拨出1千万元直接用于救灾,并命令食品部紧急调拨粮种给受灾地区。美国援华联合会(United China Relief)8月拨付400,000元,9月拨付1,200,000元,10月到目前拨付了3,000,000元。主要的救灾机构是农民银行(the Farmer's Bank),它拨付了40,000,000用于救灾工程,如打井和灌溉。
However swift the decision in Chungking,
all relief measures are bound by the slowness
of the ancient Chinese countryside.
The bone-piercing cold of the Honan winter
is approaching. Already cholera is reported.
The gaunt, hungering peasantscannot understand
the administrative difficulties of their
relief. For them this is only anger-heaviness which,
according to folklore, is visited on earth for
the misdoings of people.
尽管重庆的决策很快捷,但所有的救灾措施受到古老中国乡村的缓慢节奏限制。河南冬日刺骨的寒冷已经到来。霍乱已有报道。瘦骨嶙峋、饥肠辘辘的农民不会理解政府行政救灾的困难。对他们而言,这是传说中愤怒的上天来到人间惩罚有罪过的人类。