应同事之邀，用英语写了一篇有关教育的文章。文章本身的质量暂且不说，但把百年来相关教育政策集中起来用英语表达，确实需要搜集、思考和整理一番。
At the invitation of my colleague, I wrote an article in English and published in the academic journal Intercultural Communication (quarterly 《国际文化交流》) ,which was authorized by Ministry of Culture of BiH and Chinese Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Sponsored by East Europe-China Audiovisual Translation and Cultural Communication Association（ECATCCA）.
*A Hundred-Year-History of CPC and China Education*
How the CPC Leads the Development of China's Education
Pan Faqin
Teachers College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
Abstract
The year 2021 sees the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is valuable to summarize the successful experience of the party in governing China’s education. By analyzing some events related to education in the Chronicle of CPC's 100-year history, the author try to find how the party led the development of China education.The study of the paper involves the following aspects, determining education policies, formulating education development plans, promulgating education regulations, and deepening education reforms.
Keywords
the Communist Party of China (CPC), China education, education development
Introduction
According to Francis Bacon, history make men wise. A Chinese saying goes, by setting history as a mirror one knows ups and downs of a dynasty, which means reviewing the past enables us to learn about the law governing the evolution of history.
The year 2021 sees the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Both inside and outside the Party are summing up the history and experience over the past century. The Party's endeavors over the past century have fundamentally transformed the future of the Chinese people, the people's yearning for a better life has become reality. Summarizing the successful experience of a big party in governing the country is not without benefit to the development of other countries.
Education is the foundation. The educational development of a country will restrict and affect other developments. On the centenary of the founding of the CPC,scholars who cared about education naturally want to summarize the experience of China's educational development. How the CPC led the development of China's education during the period, how the construction of education with Chinese characteristics formed, this is a topic worthy of exploration and summary.
Needless to say that any ruling party will care about the educational development of its own country. However, each country has its own unique national conditions and culture, how a political party develops its own education based on its own national conditions and social needs is a more complicated problem. Moreover, ideals and beliefs varies for different parties, the educational programs, guidelines and specific measures put forward will also be different. At this point, every country demonstrate its education with its own characteristics.
Here the author mainly combine his study with the related educational events referred to in the literature Chronicle of CPC's 100-year history（hereafter abbreviated as the Chronicle）, published by the Party History and Literature Research Institute, summarize several aspects valuable from his point of view.
Looking over Chronicle , we can find some events related to education,especially when education as a school form, from which we can see how the CPC has led the development of education in China. Since the 1920s, the CPC has led the Chinese people to carry out the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction, meanwhile, it led the nation to transform the old education systems into new education systems of the people, a new education undertaking which cultivated talents for revolutionary and socialist construction and also raised the people's cultural and scientific level.
With the publicity of new ideas and new cultures in the field of culture and education in China before and after the May 4th Movement in 1919, and with the cultivation of relevant talents, an advanced organization, the CPC, was founded in 1921. Naturally, this organization also recognized the importance of education and its impact on all aspects of society, so it would actively take measures to lead the education to an ideal state in order to meet the requirements of an ideal society.
At the beginning of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the leaders of the CPC began to attach importance to talents and education. On December 6, 1949, the Culture and Education Committee of the State Council established the Committee for Handling the Return of Overseas Students (By November 1955, a total of 1,536 senior intellectuals including Li Siguang (geologist and paleontologist), Hua Luogeng (mathematician), and Qian Xuesen(aerodynamicist and system scientist) had returned from overseas to participate in the construction). The first national education work conference was held in December 1949, and it was proposed that education must serve the country's construction and schools must open doors for workers and peasants. In September 1950, the first National Workers’ and Peasants’ Education Conference was held and the slogan of “promoting literacy education and gradually reducing illiteracy” was put forward. In November 1952, the Central People's Government's Work Committee on Elimination of Illiteracy was established. Mass literacy campaigns have been carried out on a large scale throughout the country in a planned and step-by-step manner.
After looking back at the early works done at the beginning of the founding of the Republic,such as National Education Conference,collecting talents and literacy education, we move directly to see how the Party place emphasis on education today so as to further understand the consistency and continuity of the party’s policies. At a national education conference in September 2018, Xi Jinping, general Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, pointed out that Education is a fundamental task for the country and the Party... to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-around moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic grounding with a hardworking spirit, accelerate the modernization of education, build China into education powerhouse, and run education that satisfies the people.
I. Formulating the policies and clarifying of the orientation regarding education
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II.Making of education development plans to promote education development in a planned and focused manner
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III. Making educational laws and regulations to develop education in accordance with the law
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IV.Deepening education reform, promoting quality education, and attaching importance to ideological and political education