作者：张京宏
日期：2022.5.2 Shanghai
2022年5月1日，身穿蓝色防疫保护服装的某殡仪馆两名工作人员到上海普陀新长征福利院收取尸体时候发现“尸体”并没有死亡，还是活的，于是告知福利院工作人员，身穿白色护士服的福利院工作人员揭开“尸体”白布看了看，然后又要盖上，被殡仪馆工作人员制止，于是“尸体”被拉回福利院并送医院救治，当前该“尸体”救治后生命体征稳定。
事件先是在短视频媒体发酵，官方媒体没有第一时间报道——因为不知道真伪，不能盲目就传播。事后该涉事福利院发布消息，称事件属实并道歉。随之上海普陀民政局成立联合调查组入驻涉事福利院。在这些信息确实之后，国内官媒和境外媒体相继报道了这一消息。
一个可怕的假设是——疫情期间本来各项工作就受到严重影响——如果不是白天，如果殡仪馆两名工作人员粗心没发现“尸体”还活着，用装尸袋把“尸体”捂住放在殡仪馆中，一个晚上会不会憋死？或憋个半死，进行活体火化？
另一个情况是：这些发视频的群众什么身份？为什么殡仪馆到福利院拉个尸体，那么多人“围观”并用手机“拍摄”？正常情况下殡仪馆去拉尸体，是否是这样？事情发生时间是2022年5月1日，上海整体实质上是封控的（包括“防范区”实际也是封控管理），这么多“围观”群众，不怕疫情传播？？？
一
用我们的常识来看，殡仪馆要拉尸体走，需要有居委会或医院或派出所出具的死亡证明。疫情特殊期间，上海5万民警和所有居委会以及医务工作者投身抗疫一线，但派出所值班人员是有的。活人的死亡证明怎么开出来的？如果这件事情联合调查组审查，居委会或医院或派出所会不会承担责任，什么责任呢？
再说福利院工作人员。相关公布视频资料显示，福利院工作人员掀开“尸体”遮面布后看了看，然后又盖上——这个动作被殡仪馆工作人员制止了——福利院工作人员什么责任？
从公布的视频资料拍摄角度看，拍摄的设备不止一台。从拍摄视野看，这些拍摄者应当是在公共区域，即福利院门口的一条路上拍摄的，按上海当前防疫管控情况，是不允许走出小区来回拍摄的，何况是在普陀区，虽然相对穷了些，但也是市区，管理严格，这又怎么说（沈宗南、张京宏：《营销传播学》，世新大学出版中心，上海世新大学硕专班，2008）？
二
我们的兴趣不是这些传播事情的拍摄者，也不是背后操控这些事情的相关利益者——我们的关注点，是老人年老时候，怎样的情形是良好的结局？
一等老人：无论贫富，有懂事或孝敬的子女。懂事和孝敬是两个尺度。懂事的不一定孝敬，但孝敬的一定懂事，是懂事者中间有良知的。子女能力各有不同，未必个个都富有，但子女中有对长辈不仁者（多半是娶了恶妻），也有经济能力一般但懂事的，更有孝敬的。懂事的子女会做面子工程，孝敬的子女更注重对老人照顾。有这两种子女，老人就是善终。老人总体上分有退休工资和有钱、以及农村无退休工资以及城市非常低退休金的穷老人，无论是哪一种老人，最后生命阶段，大多都是无法独立照顾自己的。对农村老人来说，懂事的子女比如有1万块钱能力，基本两千块钱照顾老人生前事宜，八千块钱用在埋葬“给村里人看”。孝敬的子女可能也是1万块钱能力，但更多照顾老人生前和床前端水送饭，更注重照顾。
二等老人：无论贫富，和子女关系不好。其中，有钱的老人，和子女关系不好的，最后下场也好不到哪里去；没钱的老人和子女关系不好的，下场要相对再恓惶一些。
和子女关系不好的主要表现之一，就是子女极少探望老人，无论老人独居还是在养老院。人年轻的时候，感觉“去把谁看望一下”没什么用，但到了一定年龄，就发现“看望”多么宝贵，老年人在物质需求满足情况下，更有精神需求，“看望”就是解决精神需求的良药。
三等老人：无论贫富，没有子女。有些人年轻时候丁克家庭，年老后悔已经来不及了——年轻能玩能跑的时候，是无法体会年老的诸多困难的。二等老人和子女关系再不好，子女探望再少，但老人死亡等大事方面，敬老院或相关养老机构必须要通知，这些和老人关系不好的子女本身也是对养老机构一种监督——或是为了利用老人照顾相关理由“敲诈”养老机构也好，或是为了要点脸也好，确实这一点上，和一等老人一样，能得到血缘关系照看。
三等老人就不行了。年老失去判断力，又没有子女，这些情况养老机构也是掌握的。换位思考，如果我们是养老机构护理人员，老人不能自理情况下，也没有后代，没有人探望，和老人有后代，以及有后代且后代懂事或孝敬，这些信息对护理人员要决定是否给老人“灌安眠药”让睡觉，具有震慑作用和监督作用——无后代老人，犹如弃婴。这也可以理解，人家年轻时候生孩子，照顾孩子，教育孩子，你丁克，到处玩，最终当然有质的区别。
三
无论这件事情的舆论操控者是什么目的或导致什么后果——或是政治上要处分一些官员也好，或是竞争机构要黑掉这家福利院也好，等等——但对中青年人来说，有如下启发。
第一，如果条件允许，尽量至少要生育一个孩子，注重对孩子品质培养。现在国家生育政策和前面几十年是相反的。
第二，自己要努力奋斗，为后代创造一定经济基础，预防“恶媳报应”。贫穷的公婆和弱势的丈夫是恶媳产生的外因土壤，恶媳娘家家庭作风是恶媳产生的内因条件。恶媳产生，是其再三评估公婆贫穷、为儿子换不起更好媳妇，且丈夫弱势，没有能力“镇住”媳妇。这是外因，内因是娘家的教育和家风。过去人们会“打听”婚嫁双方在当地的名声。现在这一点很难，特别是农村，本身是男多女少，这将形成恶性循环，败坏几代人。公婆有钱了，媳妇自然孝敬——不管是真懂事、真孝敬还是装出来的。人际冲突背后都是经济利益和伦理。
第三，勤俭持家，做好规划。尽管上海这个案例是个案，群众都知道这种个案发生的概率很小，但发生在年老的自己身上，对个体来说就是百分之百。希望通过案例，强化规划，让后代有更多的选择权——包括娶贤惠儿媳的选择权和孝敬懂事的选择权。若不规划好，自己贫穷了，人家打听下来，好的媳妇就不愿意嫁到更穷的男人家来，没有选择权的情况下没办法了，娶了恶妻，那是几代人的灾难（张京宏：长篇小说《卤阳湖》，天津人民出版社，2021）。
四
这不是学术论文。若学术论文，要写政策建议，建议应急管理制度如何改进，养老管理制度如何改进。不但如此，要梳理文献，弄几个恶媳妇把婆婆杀头炖肉吃的实例（真的有实例，四川等地比较典型），如此等等。传播评论的文章，重点在读者个体有什么决策启发。当然，培养子女读书是一条最好的路——子女读书有成就，为国家社会做贡献了，自然很难出“恶媳”，也很难出不孝敬的或明显不懂事的。如果子女读书不成，那就培养子女的品德，无论贫富，不要培养成没有教养的恶丈夫或恶媳妇，这是最大的无量功德。
最后需要说明，这是针对中国大陆国情的文章，请勿与国外比照，没有可比性。（完）
Inspiration from the incident of "living people dragged to funeral homes" in Shanghai
Author: Zhang Jinghong
Date: 2022.5.2 Shanghai
On May 1, 2022, two staff members of a funeral home wearing blue protective clothing for epidemic prevention went to Shanghai Putuo New Long March Welfare Institute to collect the corpse and found that the "corpse" was not dead but alive, so they informed the staff of the orphanage, The orphanage staff wearing white nurse uniforms uncovered the "corpse" white cloth and looked at it, and then tried to cover it again, but was stopped by the staff of the funeral home, so the "corpse" was pulled back to the welfare home and sent to the hospital for treatment. "Vital signs were stable after treatment.
The incident was first fermented in the short video media, and the official media did not report it in the first time-because they did not know the authenticity, they could not spread it blindly. Afterwards, the orphanage in question released a message saying the incident was true and apologized. Subsequently, the Shanghai Putuo Civil Affairs Bureau established a joint investigation team and settled in the welfare institution involved. After this information was confirmed, domestic official media and foreign media reported the news one after another.
A terrible assumption is that all work has been seriously affected during the epidemic. If it was not during the day, if the two staff of the funeral home were careless and did not find that the "corpse" was still alive, they would cover the "corpse" with a body bag and put it on the ground. In a funeral home, will you be suffocated in one night? Or suffocate half to death and carry out living cremation?
Another situation is: what are the identities of the people who posted the videos? Why did the funeral home go to the orphanage to pull a body, so many people "surrounded" and "photographed" with their mobile phones? Under normal circumstances, the funeral home goes to pull the body, is that the case? The incident happened on May 1, 2022. Shanghai is essentially closed and controlled (including the "prevention area" is actually closed and controlled). With so many "onlookers", are they not afraid of the spread of the epidemic? ? ?
one
Using our common sense, a funeral home needs a death certificate issued by the police station to pull the body away. During the special period of the epidemic, 50,000 policemen in Shanghai joined the front line of the fight against the epidemic, but there were some officers on duty at the police station. How is the death certificate of a living person issued? If the joint investigation team examines this matter, will the police station take responsibility, and what responsibility?
Not to mention the orphanage staff. Relevant released video data shows that the staff of the welfare home lifted the "corpse" mask, looked at it, and then covered it again -- this action was stopped by the staff of the funeral home -- what responsibility did the staff of the welfare home take?
Judging from the shooting angle of the released video materials, there is more than one shooting equipment. From the perspective of the shooting, these photographers should have shot in the public area, that is, on a road in front of the orphanage. According to the current epidemic prevention and control situation in Shanghai, it is not allowed to go out of the community to shoot back and forth, let alone in Putuo District, although it is relatively poor. However, it is also an urban area with strict management.
two
Our interest is not the photographers who spread the matter, nor the stakeholders who manipulate these events behind the scenes. Our focus is on the old age, what kind of situation is a good ending?
First-class elderly: whether rich or poor, have sensible or filial children. Understanding and filial piety are two dimensions. Those who are sensible are not necessarily filial, but those who are filial must be sensible, and those who are sensible have a conscience. Children have different abilities, not all of them are wealthy, but there are children who are not benevolent to their elders (mostly married wicked wives), and there are those who have average financial ability but are sensible and more filial. Sensible children will do face projects, and filial children pay more attention to caring for the elderly. With these two kinds of children, the old man will die well. In general, the elderly have retirement wages and wealth, as well as poor elderly people with no retirement wages in rural areas and very low retirement pensions in cities. No matter what kind of elderly people are, most of them are unable to take care of themselves independently in the final stage of life. For the elderly in rural areas, for example, a sensible child can afford 10,000 yuan, basically 2,000 yuan to take care of the old man's life, and 8,000 yuan for burial "to show to the villagers". The filial children may also be able to earn 10,000 yuan, but they will pay more attention to taking care of the elderly before they die and delivering meals to the front of the bed.
Second-class old people: No matter whether they are rich or poor, they have a bad relationship with their children. Among them, the rich old people who have a bad relationship with their children will not end up much better in the end; the poor old people who have a bad relationship with their children will end up a little more anxious.
One of the main manifestations of poor relationship with children is that children rarely visit the elderly, whether the elderly live alone or in nursing homes. When people are young, they feel that "visiting someone" is useless, but when they reach a certain age, they realize how valuable "visiting" is. The elderly have more spiritual needs when their material needs are met, and "visiting" is to solve spiritual needs. good medicine.
Third-class elderly: rich or poor, no children. When some people were young in the DINK family, it was too late to regret when they were old - when they were young and could play and run, they could not understand the many difficulties of old age. No matter how bad the relationship between the second-class elderly and their children is, and no matter how little the children visit, the nursing home or related elderly care institutions must notify the elderly in major events such as the death of the elderly. In order to use the reasons related to the care of the elderly to "blackmail" the elderly care institutions, or to get a face, indeed in this respect, like the first-class elderly, they can be looked after by blood relationship.
The third-class old man will not do. Old age loses judgment and has no children, and the elderly care institutions also have control of these situations. Empathy, if we are nursing staff in an elderly care institution, if the elderly cannot take care of themselves, there is no descendant, no one to visit, and there are descendants with the elderly, as well as descendants who are sensible or filial, this information is for the nursing staff to decide whether to give the elderly "Pouring sleeping pills" to sleep has a deterrent and supervisory effect - the elderly without descendants are like abandoned babies. It is also understandable that when people are young, they give birth to children, take care of children, educate children, you Dink, play everywhere, and of course there is a qualitative difference in the end.
three
No matter what the purpose or the consequences of the public opinion manipulators in this matter—whether politically punish some officials, or whether a competing agency wants to hack the welfare home, etc.—but for the young and middle-aged For people, there is the following inspiration.
First, if conditions permit, try to have at least one child, and focus on cultivating the quality of the child. The current national fertility policy is the opposite of what it was in previous decades.
Second, you must work hard to create a certain economic foundation for future generations and prevent the "retribution of evil daughter-in-law". Poor in-laws and weak husbands are the external soil of the evil daughter-in-law, and the family style of the evil daughter-in-law's family is the internal condition of the evil daughter-in-law. The evil daughter-in-law came into being because she repeatedly assessed that her in-laws were poor, that she could not afford a better daughter-in-law for her son, and that her husband was weak and unable to "hold down" her daughter-in-law. This is the external cause, and the internal cause is the education and family style of the mother's family. In the past people would "inquire" about the local reputation of the married couple. This is very difficult now, especially in rural areas, where there are more men than women, which will form a vicious circle and corrupt generations. When the in-laws are rich, the daughter-in-law is naturally filial—whether it is really sensible, true filial, or pretending. Behind interpersonal conflicts are economic interests and ethics.
Third, be diligent and thrifty, and it is best to plan. Although the case in Shanghai is an isolated case, the masses know that the probability of such a case happening is very small, but if it happens to an old self, it is 100% for an individual. It is hoped that through the case, the planning will be strengthened so that future generations will have more choices - including the right to choose a virtuous daughter-in-law and the right to choose to be filial and sensible. If you don’t plan well, you will be poor, and if people ask about it, a good daughter-in-law will not want to marry a poorer man. If you don’t have the right to choose, you can’t do it. If you marry a bad wife, it will be a disaster for generations. (Zhang Jinghong: Novel "Luoyang Lake", Tianjin People's Publishing House, 2021).
Four
This is not an academic paper. For academic papers, you need to write policy recommendations, how to improve the emergency management system, and how to improve the pension management system. Not only that, but we need to sort out the literature and get a few examples of evil daughters-in-law beheading their mother-in-law and eating stewed meat (there are real examples, typical in Sichuan and other places), and so on. Articles that disseminate reviews, focusing on what decision-making inspires individual readers. Of course, cultivating children to read is the best way. Children have achieved success in reading and made contributions to the country and society. Naturally, it is difficult to produce "evil daughters-in-law", and it is difficult to produce unfilial or obviously ignorant ones. If the children fail to study, then cultivate the moral character of the children, no matter whether they are rich or poor, do not cultivate into uneducated and evil husbands or evil daughters-in-law. This is the greatest immeasurable virtue.
Finally, it should be noted that this article is based on the national conditions of mainland China. Please do not compare it with foreign countries. There is no comparability. (Finish)