不敢见阳光的"天使" 艾滋干预志愿者生存调查
    2010-12-10 14:25:39　来源: 新华网(广州)　

图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

朝不保夕的“天使”

    年过花甲的张北川医生从事男同性恋人群艾滋病干预已有十多个春秋，但这两天收到的一封信让他为艾滋病干预志愿者的安全捏了把汗。信中说，乐乐（化名）在天津市从事艾滋病志愿者干预已经四年了，但最近在给男同性恋者采血做ＨＩＶ检测时，可能由于过度疲劳，针头插进了自己身体里。

    “在医学专业术语里这叫‘职业暴露’，一些艾滋病医院的大部分护士都发生过‘职业暴露’，这就需要立即使用病毒阻断药物。医院护士当然没有问题，但志愿者为保护接受采集血液者隐私，工作地方十分隐蔽而且简陋，哪能保证有储备的病毒阻断药物？”张北川说。

    其实，张北川最近一直在为这些艾滋病干预志愿者的安危而担忧，另外一件令他心痛的事便是志愿者安然（化名）被无故殴打。８月下旬，安然和同事受陕西省疾控中心委托，到陕西省安康市做男同艾滋病预防宣传。活动结束后他们所住酒店老板带领一帮“弟兄”称他们损坏了桌椅，要赔５００元。安然同事上前理论，他们便动手，４５岁的安然为保护同事，就被殴打，双侧眼底出血，左耳鼓膜穿孔。

    同样的悲剧也在２００７年的天津上演。两位名为“深蓝”男同艾滋病干预组织的志愿者在一家酒吧做活动，发放预防艾滋病单页和安全套，关怀并鼓励男同做ＨＩＶ检测。突然酒吧内有人打架，一位志愿者上前劝架，结果被酒吧“安保”人员当作打架的人而砍了８刀，另外一名志愿者上前解救同伴，同样被砍伤。

    小潘刚大学毕业不久，ＨＩＶ检测呈阳性，是青岛一位艾滋病关爱志愿者，他说：“我们最怕的就是做志愿活动时碰到熟人，我们的个人隐私和信息就暴露了，我们的工作、朋友和亲人都可能会失去。还有女性艾滋病干预志愿者要去一些色情场所，他们做志愿活动时还怕碰到警察，因为最困难的是怎么说清楚自己的身份。”

　“天使”拿什么来保护自己？

    记者采访时发现，艾滋病干预志愿者共同的呼声是希望他们的组织能有合法的地位，能有一个组织和单位来保护他们，但按照相关规定，他们自发组织的这些关爱小组很难在民政部门注册。

    “要是出了伤害事故，我们报警是个人名义还是组织名义？要是组织名义我们本身就非法，如何向警察解释清楚？”天津“深蓝”男同艾滋病干预组织负责人嘎嘎告诉记者。

    小潘说，没有合法的组织地位，志愿者便没有安全感和归属感，做志愿者活动时的公信力也受到质疑，他们只能说是一些热心人凑在一起。同时，因为不是合法组织他们便不能接受捐助，志愿者工资、医保和养老保险都是奢望，而且志愿者大都在贴钱做志愿活动。

    “我们小组只有两个专职志愿者，他们每个月仅能领到８００元的补贴，其他四个兼职志愿者都是一分钱不拿。一些曾经受到过帮助的艾滋病患者也曾来做志愿者，想继续传递爱心，但他们也要生活，８００元如何在青岛生活，后来也就离开了。我们最大的动力就是过年过节有受益者来看望我们，觉得还有人记着我们。”小潘说。

    天津市红桥区疾病预防控制中心艾滋科科长高永军说，志愿者组织在艾滋病防控中发挥的作用不可替代。男同性恋是目前艾滋病防控的重点人群，但政府部门接触目标人群非常困难，而且人力有限。志愿者从这个人群中来，容易被目标人群接受，他们宣传健康性行为，鼓励男同做检查，对他们进行持续的心理关爱，承担着艾滋病防控很大一部分工作。

    截至１０月底，天津“深蓝”组织今年已对１６０名艾滋病患者进行了持续性的关怀，转介治疗性病患者６００余人，动员１８６１人做了艾滋病检测，艾滋病干预人群达到５０００人至６０００人。

    张北川介绍，由于各地志愿者组织不断地干预和宣传，男同健康性行为的意识已越来越高，他们使用安全套的比例已从１９９８年调查时的４８６人中只有２人坚持使用，上升到现在有３０％至４０％的人群坚持使用，更多的人群经常使用。

如何让阳光撒向“天使”？

    “偏见杀人，杀人无数！科学救人，救人几何？”这是张北川总结的十六个字，他说：“社会歧视男同和艾滋病是文化传统问题，但是我们如果不尝试去认识和改变，就纵容了这种问题。如果大家通过各种媒介能看到真相，可能极容易改变自己的看法，男同和艾滋病患者就可以生活在阳光下，我们的志愿者就能工作在阳光下。”

    张北川参与编写了卫生部、教育部和国家计生委的五本教材，每本教材都有张北川关于男同和艾滋病人维权的一章，他说：“我把改变文化传统偏见的希望寄托在年轻人身上，相信有这么多的教科书，大家能够正确了解和认识这些弱势群体。”

    智同（化名）是青岛一所学校的老师和艾滋病干预志愿者，他说，希望国家能够通过立法给志愿者组织合法的地位，给予他们申请的渠道。嘎嘎认为，如果立法保障民间组织的合法地位的时机还不成熟，能否开辟更多像深圳和北京海淀区一样的民间组织特区，将民间组织由登记注册改为备案，让民间组织有更多的活动范围和空间。

    张北川说，希望政府财政能够更多地支持这些志愿者组织，因为目前这些组织的经费大都来自国际项目，国内还很少。同时，他希望财政能给志愿者组织核心人物以工资、劳保和意外伤害保险等保障，其他志愿者也能享受基本的误餐费和公共交通补贴。

    小潘说：“既然我们所提供的社会服务是政府机构所不能完成的， 若是各地都能效仿上海和深圳，由财政购买民间组织的社会服务，我们的组织就能获得更多的资源支持，不至于人员流失。”

    嘎嘎表示，艾滋病防控是医疗、民政和公安等多个部门共同的责任。这些部门能否和志愿者组织联合在社区成立男同或艾滋病患者的服务窗口，各个部门资源整合和共享，避免志愿者组织资源紧缺或是公安执法期间误抓正在工作的志愿者。这样也能减少因担心信息泄露或受到歧视而不愿去医疗机构体检的目标人群的顾虑。（完）
Not see the sun "angel" survival of HIV-intervention survey volunteers
    2010-12-10 14:25:39 Source: Xinhua (Guangzhou)
    Channel Shandong Xinhua Xinhua November 24: can not see the sun's "Angel" - AIDS interventions in volunteers investigate the living conditions Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Xudong
    December 1, will once again focus on AIDS in the public eye, but such a special group dedicated to AIDS prevention is not known. AIDS patients or they themselves are threatened by AIDS, homosexual, they break free from the psychological brink of collapse, to join the AIDS intervention activities in and out of gay bars, baths, clubs and AIDS families, for the prevention of AIDS and save lives of people with AIDS around, but The Guardian Life "angel" is afraid of experiencing acquaintance, met police, and even their lives are threatened ... ...

Precarious "angel"

    Over sixties of Dr. Zhang Beichuan AIDS interventions in gay men has been more than a dozen spring and autumn, but two days so that he received a letter from the safety of volunteers for AIDS intervention pinch to sweat. The letter said, Lele (a pseudonym) in AIDS volunteers intervention in Tianjin has been four years, but recently made in a gay HIV blood testing, may be due to fatigue, the needle inserted into his body.

    "In medical terminology is called 'occupational exposure', the majority of hospital nurses in some AIDS have happened 'occupational exposure', which requires immediate use virus blocking drugs. Hospital nurse, of course not, but acceptable for the protection of volunteers the privacy of the blood collected, place of work is very subtle and simple, how can I ensure that there are reserves of the virus blocking drug? "said Zhang Beichuan.

    In fact, Zhang Beichuan recently been AIDS interventions for those worried about the safety of volunteers, the other a sad thing that he is the volunteer Enron (a pseudonym) was beaten for no reason. In late August, Enron and colleagues commissioned by the CDC in Shaanxi Province, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, to make men with AIDS prevention campaigns. After the event they are living in a hotel owner to lead a gang of "brothers," said they damaged furniture, a sum of 500 yuan. Forward and Enron colleagues, they will have hands, 45-year-old in order to protect Enron colleagues, he was beaten, bilateral retinal hemorrhage, left ear tympanic membrane perforation.

    The same tragedy also staged in Tianjin in 2007. The two named "Deep Blue" men with AIDS interventions in the organization to do volunteer activities in a bar, release a single page and condoms to prevent AIDS, care and HIV testing to encourage men to do the same. Suddenly the bar was a fight, a volunteer came forward and tried to mediate, the result is bar "security" as a fighting man who cut the 8-knife, the other volunteers came forward to rescue a companion, also be chopped.

    Pen has just graduated from college soon, HIV-positive, AIDS Care, a volunteer in Qingdao, he said: "We fear most is to do volunteer activities encountered an acquaintance, our personal privacy and information is exposed, we work, friends and relatives are likely to lose. There are a number of female AIDS interventions in volunteers to go to porn sites, they are afraid to do volunteer activities, meet the police, because the most difficult is how clear their own identity. "

"Angel" How to protect yourself?

    Reporters found that the common voice of AIDS interventions volunteer organizations hope that they have legal status, to have an organization and units to protect them, but in accordance with the relevant provisions of the care they spontaneously organized groups of these difficult departments of civil affairs registration.

    "If out of the injuries, we alarm is the name of individual or organization? If the name of our organization itself illegal, how to explain to the police?" Tianjin "Deep Blue" men responsible person with AIDS interventions quack told reporters.

    Pen said that the organization had no legal status, the volunteers will not have a sense of security and belonging, the credibility of volunteer activities have also been questioned, they can only say that some enthusiastic people get together. At the same time, because it is not a legal organization that they can not accept donations, volunteers, wages, health insurance and pension insurance are ambitious, but volunteers do most of the money in the attached volunteer activities.

    "Our group has only two full-time volunteers, they can only receive a monthly subsidy of 800 yuan, the other four are part-time volunteers will not take a penny. Some have been subjected to help the AIDS patients have to do voluntary who want to continue to spread love, but they still have to live, 800 yuan to live in Qingdao, was also left. Our biggest motivation is the Chinese Lunar New Year with beneficiaries to see us, think also remember us. "Pen said.

    Hongqiao District, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention high-Yong Yi Zike army chief, said in AIDS prevention and control of volunteer organizations to play an irreplaceable role. Gay is currently the focus of AIDS prevention and control groups, but the government departments to the target population is very difficult and limited manpower. Volunteers from the crowd, which easily accepted by the target population, they promote healthy sexual behavior, to encourage men to do the same check on their ongoing psychological care, bear a large part of AIDS prevention and control work.

    As of the end of October, Tianjin, "Deep Blue" organization this year has 160 AIDS patients had continuous care and treatment of STD patients referred more than 600 people, mobilizing 1861 people to do the HIV testing, AIDS interventions in the crowd of 5,000 people to 6,000 people.

    Zhang Beichuan, due to the volunteer organizations around the constant intervention and advocacy, the awareness of male sexual behavior with health has become increasingly high proportion of condom use from their 1998 survey of 486 people when the people insist on using only 2, up to the present 30% to 40% of the population adhere to the use of more frequent use of the crowd.

How to let the sun lavished on the "angel"?

    "Prejudice murder, murderous! Science to save people, save geometry?" This is a summary of Zhang Beichuan following words, he said: "Social Discrimination against gay and AIDS issues of cultural tradition, but if we do not try to understand and change to condone this kind of problem. If we can see the truth through a variety of media, may very easily change their views, gay and AIDS patients can live in the sun, our volunteers can work in the sun. "

    Zhang Beichuan in the preparation of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and the State Family Planning Commission of the five materials, each material has Zhang Beichuan on gay and AIDS activist in the chapter, he said: "I have to change the culture of traditional prejudices hope in the young people who believe that there are so many textbooks, we can correctly understand and know these vulnerable groups. "

    Chile with (a pseudonym) is a school teacher in Qingdao and AIDS intervention volunteers, he said, wants the state to pass legislation to give legal status of volunteer organizations, giving them to apply for the channel. Quack that if legislation to protect the legal status of civil society organizations the opportunity is not mature, can open up more as the Haidian District, Beijing, Shenzhen and civil society organizations like the DC, will be replaced by civil society organizations from the registration record, so that more civil society organizations scope of activities and space.


    Zhang Beichuan, said he hoped that more government financial support for these volunteer organizations, because the current funding for these organizations mostly from international projects, domestic, little. At the same time, he hoped that the financial key figures to give volunteer organizations wages, labor insurance and accident insurance and other support, volunteers can also enjoy other basic food allowance and public transport subsidies.

    Pen said: "Since we provide social services to government agencies can not be completed, if the country can follow the example of Shanghai and Shenzhen, and purchased by the financial services civil society organizations, our organization will be able to get more resources to support Bu Zhiyu staff turnover. "

    Quack said, AIDS prevention and control of medical, civil affairs and public security departments shared responsibility. These departments and volunteer organizations can set up the joint in the gay community in the service window or AIDS, resource integration and sharing of various departments, to avoid the scarcity of resources, or volunteer organizations mistakenly arrested during the police enforce the law is working volunteers. This can also reduce the fear of information disclosure, or be discriminated against and do not want to go to medical examination of the target population concerns. (End)

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