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兩大頂級雜誌聚焦HIV不一樣的研究
來源:生物通發布者: 吳林寰類別:新聞掃描日期: 2010-03-12
艾滋病自被發現以來就被冠以“史後世紀的瘟疫”的稱號，二十世紀八十年代在美國首次注射和被
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確認以來，科學家們就一直在極力尋找破解這一疾病的密碼，去年科學家們在艾滋病疫苗方面獲得了長足進
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展，但是這還不夠，我們還需要更多深入的分析研究，近期Nature等雜誌就公佈了HIV相關的研究成果——
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發現了不一樣的基因，以及HIV不一樣的免疫學研究。
來自威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校的研究人員在對毛里求斯短尾猴的研究中發現，一種更為多元的免疫反應
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會導致對猴免疫缺陷病毒（或稱SIV，這是在非洲靈長類中所發現一種逆轉錄病毒）的更好的控制。這些發現
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提示，以類似的方法來拓展在人體內的免疫反應可能成為正在探求中的研發成功HIV疫苗的一個關鍵部分。
某些對感染了HIV的患者的研究表明，當個體的免疫反應變得更為寬泛的時候，這種疾病可以受到抑制；
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具體地說，也就是當HIV這種病毒有更多的部位可以被免疫系統的T細胞所識別的時候。如今，Shelby O'
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Connor及其同僚用感染了相同SIV病毒株的毛里求斯食蟹猴來測試一種更為多樣化的免疫反應是否會真的導
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致更好的疾病控制。
MHC基因可製造出使T細胞能夠識別入侵物的分子。這些猴子的特別之處是它們在MHC基因多元性上是有
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限的，這使得研究人員能夠辨識出對同一組MHC基因來說的純合子（以2份同樣的基因形式存在）相對於雜合
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子（某基因具有2種不同的形式）的動物。
研究人員發現，純合子（這些動物只有12個獨特的MHC基因）動物血中的病毒數是雜合子動物（它們的獨
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特MHC基因數量更多，大約有20個）血中病毒數量的近80多倍。通過檢驗在這些動物體內所複製的病毒的核算
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序列，研究人員獲得了一個針對SIV免疫反應的詳細的瞬象。該數據提示，具有更多樣免疫反應的動物可產生
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更多的T細胞，因此也可更有效地限制病毒的複制能力，並成功地阻止該疾病的發展。這一研究是建立在從前
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所觀察到的現象之上的，在這些觀察中顯示，受到HIV感染的人如果有較多的MHC基因的話，他們也會有類似的
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益處。因此這些結果支持這樣的理念，即應該設計可誘發對HIV具有最廣泛細胞免疫反應的疫苗。
另外一篇文章發表在Nature雜誌上評論文章稱，研究表明，僅僅產生一種與在自然感染中所看到的相似的
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免疫反應，是不大可能防止HIV/AIDS感染的。
來自華盛頓大學的兩位科學家提出，雖然目前針對HIV疫苗的研究有助於遏制全球的艾滋病的氾濫，但是我
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們在HIV免疫工作上的根本性做法需要重新審視。我們的天然免疫力沒有起到保護作用，而且即使嘗試了許多HIV
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候選藥物，人類的實驗依然無法逃脫失敗的陰影。當然成功還是有希望的，但是前提是我們要深入了解病毒的免
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疫應答體系，識別並找出免疫系統需要什麼。這篇文章概括介紹瞭如果要製成一種有效疫苗的話仍然有待回答的
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免疫學問題。
人們原本希望通過其他病毒，例如引起風寒的腺病毒，來製作艾滋疫苗。多年的失敗後，人們想到了HIV本身。
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對猴子進行的新測試表明基於HIV的疫苗比這些嘗試更加有效。
之前據英美媒體報導，一家公司計劃將一種由瀕死的病毒本身製成的HIV疫苗注射入人體。與此同時，南非流
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行病學專家日前表示，通過對艾滋病高風險區內的所有人進行篩檢，以及立即治療所有對艾滋病毒呈陽性反應的帶
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原者，蔓延全球的艾滋病或許能在五年內受到控制，甚至在四十年後絕跡。
但是這種方法對於HIV的情況太過危險，一家美國公司聲稱這種試驗起先將只局限於已攜帶病毒的人群，而不是
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有感染危險的健康人群。無論如何，我們希望通過各種嘗試，最終我們能拿到破解這一“超級癌症”的鑰匙。
來源: 生物通
發布者: 吳林寰
Focus on the two top magazines not the same as HIV Research
Source: Bio-Link Posted by: Wu Lin Huan Category: News Scan Date: 2010-03-12
Since AIDS was discovered has been dubbed "the history of post-century plague," the
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title of the twentieth century eighties in the United States for the first time since the
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injection and was confirmed, scientists have been struggling to find the password cracking
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of the disease last year, AIDS vaccine scientists gained considerable progress, but it is
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not enough, we also need more in-depth analysis and study, the magazine Nature recently
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announced that the HIV-related research - found in different genes, as well as HIV does
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not the same immunization studies.
From the University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers in the study of Mauritian macaques
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found that a more diverse immune response could lead to simian immunodeficiency virus
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(or SIV, which is in the African primates The discovery of a retrovirus) for better control.
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These findings suggest that in a similar way to expand in the human body's immune response
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could be was exploring in the success of HIV vaccine research and development a key part.
Some of the patients infected with HIV, the study shows that when an individual's immune
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response becomes broader when the disease may be subject to suppression; specifically, that is,
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when the HIV virus that more parts can be of the immune system T cells recognize the time.
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Today, Shelby O'Connor and his colleagues used the same SIV strain of the virus infected
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the Mauritius cynomolgus monkeys to test a more diverse immune response will really lead
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to better disease control.
MHC genes can produce a diplomatic mission to T cells to recognize the invasion complex
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molecules. These monkeys makes it so special is their diversity in MHC genes is limited,
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which allows researchers to identify pairs of the same set of MHC genes for the homozygous
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(two copies of the same gene in the form) relative to heterozygous ( A gene has two kinds
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of different forms) animals.
The researchers found that homozygous (only 12 of these animals a unique MHC genes)
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animal blood of the virus is the number of heterozygous animals (their greater number of
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unique MHC genes, about 20) the blood viral load of nearly 80 times. Have passed the
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examination in these animals by the accounting sequence of the virus replication, the
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researchers obtained an immune response against SIV, as detailed instantaneous. The
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data suggest that a more diverse immune response of animals to produce more T-cells,
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and therefore can be more effective in limiting viral replication capacity, and
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successfully prevented the disease's development. The study is based on the phenomenon
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previously observed above, in these observations show that people who are HIV infected
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if there are more MHC genes, they also have similar benefits. Thus, these results
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support the notion that should be designed for HIV-induced immune response with the
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most extensive cell vaccines.
Another article published in the journal Nature commentary, said studies have shown
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that only produces a natural infection and can see a similar immune response is unlikely
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to prevent HIV / AIDS infection.
The two scientists from the University of Washington, proposed, although for the HIV
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vaccine study will help curb the spread of AIDS around the world, but we work in the HIV
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immunization practice requires a fundamental rethink. Our natural immunity does not play
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a protective effect, and even tried a number of HIV drug candidates, the human experiments
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still can not escape the shadow of failure. Of course, success there is still hope, but
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only if we are to thoroughly understand the virus, the immune response system, the immune
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system to recognize and identify what is required. This article presented an overview to
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be made if an effective vaccine has yet to be answered if the immune issues.
It was originally hoped that other viruses, such as the cold caused by adeno-virus,
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to produce HIV vaccine. After the failure of many years, people thought of HIV itself.
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The new test on monkeys showed that a vaccine based on HIV than these attempts more effective.
Before, according to British and American media reports, a company plans to kind made
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by the dying of the HIV virus itself, the vaccine was injected into the human body. In
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the meantime, the South African epidemiologist said recently that by AIDS, all high-risk
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area for screening and immediate treatment for all HIV-positive carriers, the spread of
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AIDS around the world may be able to in five years under control, even forty years after
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the extinction.
However, this method too dangerous for the HIV case, a U.S. company initially claimed
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that such tests will only be limited to groups of people have been carrying the virus,
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rather than the health of populations at risk of infection. In any case, we hope that
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through a variety of attempts, finally we can get cracking this "super cancer" key.
Source: Bio-Link
Posted by: Wu Lin Huan
