|
影视里因何没“艾滋病”
2010年08月14日 04:06新京报网
徐贲
知名学者
在文学中，病外之意胜过了病本身，病说的不是病，而是不幸、灾祸、意外、报应和不可捉摸的命运。
第18届国际艾滋病大会前不久在维也纳召开，来自193个国家的1.93万人参加了总共248场会议，成千上万的代表和艾滋病活动人士参加了各种倡导活动。中国的艾滋病形势也很严峻，光2008年的前9个月，艾滋病就造成了大约7000人死亡。而结核病与狂犬病则退到了第二、三名。对今天银屏上的故事来说，“无病不成戏”大概不是夸张的说法，但艾滋病却明显缺席了。
疾病本身并不是有趣的故事题材，但疾病却是不可或缺的情节发展机制。疾病本身是很无趣的事情，十分单调，无非是疼痛、虚弱、难忍。同一种疾病都是同一种症兆，缺乏有变化的细节。没有变化就会乏味，就没有故事价值。
对故事来说，有意思的不是病本身，而是病对人物的影响。病对人物的人生和命运发生了什么作用，造成了什么后果，这才是病的入戏之处。在托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》中，女主角安娜得了产后热，她的病成为小说故事的高潮和转折。故事并没有在安娜的病上多花笔墨，因为重要的并不是产后热有什么样的症状，而是安娜快要死了。安娜破坏了她那个社会的规矩，有了婚外情，她的丈夫要和她离婚，她的情人因她毁了前程，她自己则被人看不起，已经到了山穷水尽的地步。
就在这时，她生下了孩子，病得很重，眼看就要死了。她的病使故事有了转机。面对逼近安娜的死亡，那两个爱她的男人终于握手言和。丈夫原谅了安娜，情人回家准备开枪自杀，故事可以到此结束。然而，安娜的病好了，日子照样过了下去。她和情人一起逃避到国外，过了一段幸福的生活。但是，渐渐出现了新的问题，于是最后她撞火车自杀了。安娜去世后，她的情人绝望之中投身军队。故事结束时，他一边站在火车站台上等车，一边因牙痛而痛苦不已。这看上去是一个不起眼的细节，但害过牙痛的人都清楚，“牙痛不是病，痛起来就要命。”安娜的情人的心灵伤痛加上牙痛，痛苦可以说是到了极点。
病在故事中有两个用途，一是推动情节，二是烘托人物处境。现时代的病用得最多可以说是心血管病、器官移植(心脏)、失忆。器官移植、失忆在生活中其实很少见，但对故事情节的跌宕起伏、一波三折很有用，所以屡屡出现。对故事中的人物，贫困者得了重病或不治之症，或受刺激者心脏病发作或脑血管破裂，烘托出人物所受的极度刺激。白血病或其他不治之症，是为了烘托人物的极度贫困无助(贫病交加)，或者来日无多。故事中的病种有限，作家在病上无须发挥太多想象，不必用刁钻古怪的病，反而都是用“常见病”，而很少涉及“脏病”。
13世纪，哈特尔曼·封·奥厄的小说《可怜的海利希》中，一个年轻女孩爱上的那个人得了麻风病，这种可怕的病烘托的是女孩真挚的爱情。在中世纪故事中的病，放到今天就不成了，因为麻风病基本绝迹，但更重要的是，这是一种“脏病”。有成见的看法是，得这病的人一定是做了什么坏事，得了这种污垢的病，成为不洁之人。
今天，许多人对艾滋病也有这种看法。尽管艾滋病在一些地区已经成为严重的社会问题，文艺作品对它仍然没有兴趣，这是因为“艾滋”在他们眼里是“脏病”，文艺作品用的病，反映出社会对疾病的习惯看法和偏见。说故事似乎离不开病，病在故事中只是个“托”，故事说的并不是病本身，而是用病带动故事的情节转折和发展，映照人物的处境和人生。
文学毕竟不是医学。在文学中，病外之意胜过了病本身，病说的不是病，而是不幸、灾祸、意外、报应和不可捉摸的命运。既然如此，“艾滋病”是不是也应该进入我们今天的文艺故事呢？
- 艾滋病早期治疗是康复与延长30～60年生命的保
- 艾滋病免疫重建的重要意义是挽救生命的根本
- 从食品植物研究开发的治疗艾滋病新药三合皂甙
- 康生丹颗粒免疫实验提示符合艾滋病、肿瘤等应
- 鸡尾酒疗法并非万能，抗药性与毒副作用导致联合疗法与中药疗法应用的迫切性
- 康生丹配合西药治疗AIDS总结
- 三合皂甙，康生丹片
- 中药康生丹治愈艾滋病中医论析
-
-
Movies and TV why not "AIDS"
At 04:06 on the August 14, 2010 New 京报网
Ben Xu
Renowned scholars
In the literature, the meaning of illness than the disease outside itself, not the disease, said disease, but unfortunately, disasters, accidents, retribution and intangible fate.
18th International AIDS Conference held recently in Vienna, from 193 countries a total of 1.93 million people participated in 248 sessions, thousands of delegates and AIDS activists are involved in various advocacy activities. China's AIDS situation is very serious light in 2008 the first 9 months, AIDS has caused about 7,000 deaths. The tuberculosis and rabies were retreated a second, three. Screens of today's story, the "disease-not a game" is probably not an exaggeration to say, but AIDS is obviously absent.
The disease itself is not interesting story theme, but the disease is essential to plot development mechanism. The disease itself is very boring thing, very monotonous, nothing but pain, weakness, unbearable. The same disease are the same signs, the lack of changes in the details. No change will be boring, no story value.
The story, the fun is not an illness itself, but the impact of disease on people. Disease on people's life and role in the fate of what happened, what caused the consequences, this is the disease into the drama of the Department. In Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina", the actress Anna got post-partum heat, her illness became tales highlight and turning point. Story of Anna's illness did not spend more ink, is not as important what kind of postpartum fever symptoms, but Anna was going to die. Anna undermine her rule of that society, with the extra-marital affairs, she and her husband to divorce her lover because of her ruined career, she was looked down upon, had come to the end of its tether.
At this point, she gave birth to a child, very ill, going to die. Story of her illness so that a favorable turn. The face of Anna's death approaching, the two men who love her finally shake hands. Anna forgive her husband, lover shot himself ready to go home, the story could be ended. However, Anna's illness well, life still had a go. With her lover to escape abroad, over a period of happy life. However, new problems have emerged gradually, then, she hit the train committed suicide. Anna after the death of her lover desperate to join the army. End of the story, he stood on the railway station platform while waiting for the bus, while pain that miserably. This appears to be an obscure details, but harm those who have clearly had a toothache, "toothache is not a disease, up on the terrible pain." Anna's lover's heart pain with toothache, the pain can be said to the extreme .
Disease in the story has two purposes, one to move the plot, the second is the contrast of his struggles. Are used most times of the disease can be said to cardiovascular disease, organ transplant (heart), loss of memory. Organ transplantation, loss of memory in life are actually rare, but the story of the ups and downs, twists and turns is useful, so often seen. Of the characters in the story, the poor was very ill or incurable, or stimulated by a heart attack or cerebral vascular rupture, express a person suffered extreme stimulation. Leukemia or other incurable diseases, is to heighten people's extreme poor and the helpless (Poverty and ill health), or to live. The disease is limited in the story, the writer in the disease do not play too much on imagination, not with cunning disease, but use "disease", and rarely "filth."
The 13th century, Hateerman seal Aue novel "Poor Heilig", a young girl fell in love with that person got leprosy, set off this terrible disease is sincere love girls. In the medieval story of the disease, into today will not become, because leprosy disappeared, but more importantly, this is a "filth." Are biased view is that people who get the disease must have done something bad, got sick of this dirt, a person unclean.
Today, many people have this view of AIDS. Although AIDS in some regions has become a serious social problem, it is still not interested in literary and artistic works, because "HIV" in their eyes is "filth", literary and artistic works with the disease, reflecting the views and habits of the disease bias. Story seems inseparable from the disease, illness in the story just "trust", not the disease itself, the story said, but the lead story with the disease and development of the plot turning point, reflecting the situation of people and life.
After all, not a medical literature. In the literature, the meaning of illness than the disease outside itself, not the disease, said disease, but unfortunately, disasters, accidents, retribution and intangible fate. That being the case, "AIDS" is not and should enter today's literary story?
|
