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双重感染挑战结核病艾滋病防治
2010-8-5 健康报
结核病是艾滋病病毒感染者和病人常见的机会性感染和主要死因，结核病病人中的艾滋病病毒感染率明显高于普通人群。8月3日，卫生部印发《全国结核菌/艾滋病病毒双重感染防治工作实施方案(试行)》。该方案提出，建立完善全国结核菌/艾滋病病毒双重感染防治工作机制，以双重感染病人为重点，加大发现、治疗和管理力度，进一步控制结核病和艾滋病传播。
结核菌合并艾滋病病毒双重感染是当今全球面临的共同挑战之一。医学资料显示，艾滋病病毒攻击免疫系统，促进结核菌的传播，并使许多结核菌携带者最终发展成肺结核患者。研究发现，感染了艾滋病病毒的结核菌携带者，发展为肺结核的可能性比未感染艾滋病病毒者高30倍～50倍。据估算，我国结核菌/艾滋病病毒双重感染人数约为31.2万，艾滋病合并结核病患者人数约为2.1万。
该方案规定，由各级卫生行政部门牵头，成立双重感染防治领导小组和技术工作组。领导小组负责组织、协调本辖区双重感染防治工作，制定年度工作计划，落实防治工作经费，开展监督、评估等工作。技术工作组负责本辖区双重感染防治技术指导，组织专业培训，实施疫情监测和数据的统计分析，制订疑难病例诊断、治疗方案，开展不良反应处理等工作。
该方案明确，加强医防合作，建立结核病和艾滋病防治机构合作机制，为新发现和随访中的艾滋病病毒感染者和病人提供结核病问卷筛查和检查服务，为艾滋病高、中流行县(区)新登记的结核病病人提供艾滋病病毒抗体检测服务，为双重感染病人及时提供免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗、抗结核治疗和随访管理服务。
该方案还分别规定了艾滋病防治机构和结核病防治机构相关具体职责，要求为新报告的和随访的艾滋病病毒感染者及病人每年至少安排1次结核病检查。动员艾滋病高、中流行县(区)新登记的结核病病人接受艾滋病病毒抗体检测，动员艾滋病低流行县(区)有艾滋病高危行为的结核病病人接受艾滋病病毒抗体检测。
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艾滋病成为第一大死因病种[刘君]的对策与思考TB dual infection in AIDS challenge
2010-8-5 Health News
TB patients with HIV and opportunistic infections common and major cause of death in HIV-TB patients was significantly higher than the general population. August 3, the Ministry of Health issued the "National TB / HIV dual infection prevention and control of implementation of the program (for trial)." The program proposed the establishment of sound national TB / HIV dual infection prevention and control mechanisms to focus on the dual infections, increase the detection, treatment and management, to further control the spread of tuberculosis and AIDS.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis combined with HIV-infection is currently one of the common challenges facing the world. Medical data show that HIV attacks the immune system, promote the spread of TB, and to a number of carriers eventually developed into tuberculosis TB patients. Study found that HIV infected TB carriers, the possibility of developing tuberculosis than those not infected with HIV and 30 times to 50 times. It is estimated that China's TB / HIV dual infection of about 312,000, the number of AIDS patients with about 21 000 TB patients.
The program provides health administrative departments at all levels, led by the establishment of dual infection control leadership group and technical working group. Leading group responsible for organizing, coordinating dual infection prevention and control of the area, to develop annual work plans, implementation of prevention and treatment funding to carry out monitoring, evaluation and so on. Technical working group responsible for the area of double infection prevention and control of technical guidance, professional training organizations, the implementation of surveillance and data statistical analysis, formulation of difficult cases the diagnosis, treatment, handling of adverse reactions to carry out the work.
The program specifically to strengthen cooperation Cure and Prevention to establish TB and AIDS control agency cooperation mechanism for new discoveries and follow-up of HIV and TB patients, screening questionnaires and inspection services for AIDS high, endemic counties (districts) TB patients newly registered HIV antibody testing services for both HIV infected patients in a timely manner to provide free antiretroviral treatment, tuberculosis treatment and follow-up management services.
The program also were provided for TB prevention and control of AIDS prevention and control institutions and agencies related to specific duties, requirements for new reports and follow-up of patients with HIV and TB at least annually arrange a time check. Mobilization of AIDS high, endemic counties (districts) of TB patients newly registered HIV antibody testing, mobilization of low HIV prevalence counties (districts) with high-risk behavior of HIV TB patients to HIV antibody testing.
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