《丁庄梦》,阎连科著,上海文艺出版社2006年1月版。
庄里的静,浓烈的静,绝了声息。丁庄活着,和死了一样。因为绝静,同为秋深,同为黄昏,村落萎了,人也萎了。萎缩着,日子也跟着枯干,像埋在地里的尸。
日子如尸。
平原上的草,它就枯了。
平原上的树,它就干了。
平原上的沙地和庄稼,血红之后,它就萎了。
丁庄的人,他就缩在家里,不再出门了。
这是阎连科创作的《丁庄梦》的开篇。
12月1日世界艾滋病日。《丁庄梦》被称为“中国第一部描写艾滋病题材的长篇力作”、“中国版《鼠疫》”。它也是一部作家本人蘸着眼泪来完成的作品,在完成这部书稿的时候,作者阎连科“有两行泪水无可遏制地长泄而下,人就如被抽去了筋骨般瘫软无力,那被孤独和无望强烈压迫的无奈,如同我被抛在了一个渺无人烟的大海、一座不见鸟飞草动的孤岛。”
一部写实的作品
2003年9月,阎连科来到河南开封尉氏县某艾滋病村,最先看到的是村边土墙上用白石灰刷的三个字“卖棺材”,看到村边墓地上的新坟。村里有裸体行走的人,裸体是因为感染艾滋病皮肤起疮痒痛,无法穿衣。而那些裸体的人,没有人认为不正常。那里的人不看电视,不看书,不读报,不跟外界有任何联系。很多人家没有照明的电,也没有能够浇地的水,没有水浇地,就没有粮食。那里的人靠卖血为生,因为卖血可以换到现金,而卖粮只能换来白条。他们还偷东西,偷着砍伐树木转卖。这是一座绝望的村庄。
《丁庄梦》中的“丁庄”,就是豫东平原上一个“活着,和死了一样”的普通的村庄,是作家从河南数千个艾滋病村中提炼出来的“虚幻之村”。但是,丁庄的故事和人物,大都有其真实的本源。阎连科所看到的真实的细节,都在小说中有所体现；而像胡佳和曾金燕那样长期关注艾滋病问题的青年志愿者,则能够一下子从若干细节中发现其生活原型。
在关心艾滋病问题的志愿者们办的《爱援》杂志里,志愿者们在河南省上蔡县发现,“无垠的麦地上遍地树立着小土堆,长眠在这里的都是普通农民。他们响应了政府‘内靠公章,外靠血浆’的脱贫致富新思路,踊跃卖血致富。然而致富的影子刚刚掠过,就消失得无影无踪了。艾滋病的幽灵开始在这里徘徊,死亡的阴影笼罩了大地,贫穷随处可见。以志愿者到过的后杨村为例,全村共检测出艾滋病感染者800多人,已经死亡300多人,仅2005年就死亡28人。”
《丁庄梦》不是一个梦,而是一部写实之作。虽然它的艺术表现形式充满拉美魔幻现实主义文学的色彩,但它更具有报告文学式的震撼。
展现人性的黑暗
小说的叙事者是一名已经死去的孩子,小说通过这名孩子的眼睛来观察这个荒诞的世界:孩子的父亲是最早依靠买卖血液致富的“血头”,孩子的爷爷在艾滋病病毒肆虐丁庄之后,为了向乡亲们赎罪,狠心杀死了作为“始作俑者”的儿子。造成此家破人亡的悲惨故事的原因,表面上看是迄今为止让人类束手无策的艾滋病病毒,但在更深层面,罪魁祸首不仅仅是艾滋病病毒,而是医疗行业的失序、政府部门的失职、地方官员的贪污、“血头”的凶残等,再往深处发掘,乃是隐藏在人内心深处的愚昧、贪婪、自私、怨毒与诡诈。
当世世代代“面朝黄土背朝天”的农民们企图改变贫穷的努力,却换来死亡无处不在的阴影时,仇恨和暴戾的弥漫甚至比病毒还要快。如同葡萄牙作家萨拉马戈在《失明症漫记》中所描述的情况一样,人们不是被病症所征服,乃是被恐惧所征服。只有在此种特殊的境遇之下,人的本相才会显示出来,“我们都是由这种混合物造成的,一半是冷漠无情,一半是卑鄙邪恶”。丁庄里的那些艾滋病患者,既受到病痛的折磨,又受到他人的歧视与阻隔,他们真的成了“活死人”。在这样的环境里,他们失去了生活的勇气和信心,也失去了人格的尊严与独立,他们之间也开始如同动物般撕咬起来。人性的黑暗像风一样弥漫开去,受害者与加害者的界限模糊了。从这点来看,《丁庄梦》已经具备了鲁迅小说的冷峻与阴郁的风格——冷峻如《故乡》,阴郁如《药》。
因此,如果将《丁庄梦》仅仅阐释为一部关于艾滋病题材的作品,显然将其思想内涵大大地狭窄化了。我认为,这是一本讨论人类的愚昧以及由此带来的心灵黑暗的作品,这又是一本讨论人类的死亡以及由此带来的“同情是否成为可能”的作品。□禾禾
■链接
阎连科:1958年生,河南嵩县人。其作品《日光流年》《坚硬如水》《丁庄梦》《风雅颂》《我与父辈》《受活》等均获各类大奖。
《鼠疫》:法国现代著名存在主义文学家、1957年诺贝尔文学奖获得者阿尔贝·加缪创作。该书用寓言的形式,刻画法西斯像鼠疫病菌那样吞噬千万人生命的恐怖时代。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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艾滋病新鸡尾酒疗法 附 HIV感染者，早吃药早受益
AIDS and human
2011-12-08 10:36 Southern Rural News
"Dream of Ding Village," Yan Lianke forward, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in January 2006 edition.
Woman in the town's quiet, intense quiet, never a sound. Small village alive and dead. Because never static, the same as the deep autumn, with the dusk, wilt the village, the people wilt. Atrophy of, the days are followed by dry, like the corpse buried in the ground.
Days as dead.
Plains of grass, dry it up.
Trees on the plains, it did.
Sandy plains and crops, blood red after it wilt a.
Small village, he would shrink at home, not go out.
This is Yan Lianke creation of the "Dream of Ding Village," the opening.
December 1 World AIDS Day. "Dream of Ding Village," is called "China's first description of AIDS, the theme of long masterpiece", "Chinese version of" plague "." It is also a writer, I dipped in tears to complete the work, when the completion of this manuscript, the author Yan Lianke "There are two lines of tears There is no stop to long vent down, people who are unable to take away the bones like a limp, intense loneliness and hopelessness that is oppression of the helpless, as I was thrown a hermit in the sea, a bird not seen the grass moving island. "
A realistic work
In September 2003, came to Kaifeng, Henan Yan Lianke Weishi County AIDS village, the village was first seen on the side walls of white lime brush words "selling coffins", see the edge of the village cemetery on Xinfen . Village people walking naked, nude because of HIV infection from the sores and itching of skin, not clothing. And those naked people, no one thinks that is not normal. Where people do not watch TV, do not read books, not newspapers, not to have any contact with the outside world. Many people no electric lighting, there is no water to irrigate land, not irrigated, there is no food. Where people depend on selling blood for a living, because selling blood to exchange cash, and sell grain in exchange for IOUs. They also steal, steal the felling of trees sold. This is a desperate village.
"Dream of Ding Village," in the "small village" is a plain Yudong "alive and dead, like" ordinary village, a writer from the thousands of AIDS village in Henan extracted "Unreal the village." However, the small village of the story and characters, large has its true origin. Yan Lianke see the real details are reflected in the novel; and Hu Jia and Zeng Jinyan, as long as the problem of youth volunteers concerned about AIDS, the number of details can be found at once from a prototype of their lives.
AIDS in the care of volunteers to do the "love aid" magazine, the volunteers Shangcai County in Henan Province, found that "the vast land of wheat on the ground to establish a small mound, buried here are ordinary farmers who response to the government 'by the official seal inside and outside by the plasma' of poverty alleviation new ideas, actively sell blood to get rich, but rich just passing shadow, disappeared without a trace. the specter of AIDS began wandering here, death the shadow of the earth, poverty everywhere. to volunteer visited after Yangcun, for example, the village people living with HIV were detected more than 800 people, 300 people have died, in 2005 alone killed 28 people. "
"Dream of Ding Village," is not a dream, but one for realism. Although it is full of Latin American art form of magic realism literature of color, but it is more reportage-style shock.
To show the darkness of human nature
The novel the narrator is a dead child, the novel through the eyes of this child to see the absurdity of the world: the child's father was among the first to rely on blood to get rich trading "blood heads", the child's grandfather in the small village of HIV epidemic After the villagers in order to atone, cruel killing as "initiator" of the son. Cause of this tragic story of ruin and death of the reasons, the surface is so far so helpless human AIDS virus, but at a deeper level, the culprit is not just HIV, but the disorder the medical industry, government negligence, local officials corruption, "blood heads" cruelty, etc., then depth of excavation, but hidden in the hearts of people's ignorance, greed, selfishness, pernicious and deceit.
When the generations to come "face loess back into the air," the farmers are trying to change the poverty efforts, in return, when the shadow of death everywhere, filled with hatred and violent even faster than the virus. As Portuguese writer Saramago the "Essay on blindness' in the case described, it is not being conquered by the disease, but was conquered by fear. Only under such a special situation, people will be displayed Physiognomy, "We are all caused by this mixture, half indifferent, half of despicable evil." The small woman in the town of those with AIDS, both by the pain of torture, and discrimination by others and blocking, they really became the "Land of the Dead." In this environment, they lost courage and confidence in life, but also lost the personal dignity and independence, among them also began tearing up as animal-like. The darkness of human nature spread out like the wind to the victims and perpetrators of the boundaries blurred. From this point of view, "Dream of Ding Village," already has Lu Xun's cold and gloomy style - cold, such as "home," gloomy, such as "medicine."
Therefore, if the "Dream of Ding Village," just as an interpretation of the theme of work on AIDS, obviously dramatically narrow its ideological content of the. In my opinion, this is a discussion of human ignorance and the resulting dark mind works, this is a discussion of human death and the resulting "compassion is possible," the works. □ Hehe
■ Links
Yan Lianke: 1958 Health, Song County of Henan people. His work "The Passing", "hard water" "Dream of Ding Village," "elegance Song," "father and I," "live by", etc. were all kinds of awards.
"Plague": a famous modern French existentialist writer, 1957 Nobel Prize winner Albert Camus creation. The book with the fable form, portrayed as a fascist like the plague bacteria lives of millions of people swallow an era of terror.
