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问：最近在网上，艾滋病试纸卖得十分火爆，销售网站宣称，“一张试纸就能让您在15分钟内脱离恐慌”。不过有报道称，试纸检测结果的准确性不尽如人意，可能会令测试者增加心理负担或贻误治疗，且随意丢弃检测器具，有可能感染他人。那么，这种艾滋病试纸到底可不可靠呢？
答：艾滋病试纸一般在大面积普查初筛时使用，例如用于献血或急救手术之前。人体感染艾滋病病毒后，血液中会含有大量抗体，这些抗体可以与被固定在试纸上的艾滋病病毒抗原发生作用，结合显色标识物，使试纸的检测区出现红线。若试纸上出现两条红线，表示血液HIV抗体阳性；出现一条红线则为阴性；没有红线表示检测失败。
艾滋病试纸的准确性包括两方面，灵敏度和特异性。灵敏度越高，出现“假阴性”的几率越低；而特异性越高，“假阳性”的几率越低。不同品牌，不同产地的试纸由于技术原因，如所用的艾滋病病毒抗原不同，所能达到的准确性也不同。
因此，作为艾滋病筛查的最初步骤，艾滋病试纸显示的检测结果，存在一定程度“假阳性”和“假阴性”的可能。如果试纸检测结果为“阴性”，但测试者有过静脉吸毒、不正规的输血、多个性伙伴、嫖娼卖淫等危险行为，不能依此断定是否安全。同理，如果试纸检测结果为“阳性”，测试者也不必绝望，有可能试纸显示的是“假阳性”，自身其实并未感染艾滋病病毒。
作为普通人群，利用艾滋病试纸掌握自身身体状况，进行日常检查，是一个可以接受的方法，但不鼓励自己在家操作试纸，而应到疾病控制中心或各大医院等指定机构检查。尤其是测试者在没有专业人士指导下自己操作，可能会使准确性进一步降低。比如，对于血液易凝固的测试者，需要在血液中滴入一两滴稀释液，当稀释液超量，就容易出现“假阴性”的检测结果。
另外，艾滋病试纸作为一种药品，必须具备药品经营许可证及医疗器械经营许可证。如果出售艾滋病试纸的网站，无法提供此类证书，其售出的试纸就是假冒伪劣产品，完全没有准确性可言。
至于有人担心丢弃的试纸检测器具，会使他人受到艾滋病感染，这是没有科学依据的。艾滋病的传播途径只有三种，即血液传播，母婴传播和性传播。不过，使用过的试纸及附带的检测针管等，虽不会传播艾滋病，但可能传播其他疾病，因此应当妥善处理，不能随意丢弃。
□张孔来（中国性病艾滋病防治协会副会长）
□采访/秦勉
艾滋病检测(hiv)试纸的使用步骤
发布者： sofoxso 时间：2011年04月25日 16:19:13
使用艾滋病检测试纸之前，先了解一下艾滋病试纸的特点，相比其它艾滋病检测方法，艾滋病试纸具有检测快速、方便、保密性强等特点，检测者无需进行专业的培训，对照说明书在家就可完成自我检测，并且hiv试纸结果非常准确，2～3次检测结果均相同，就可以确诊了。由于窗口期的存在，所以艾滋病检测试纸需在窗口期过后使用才有意义。
艾滋病试纸阴性就是一条红线，两条线代表阳性，如若阳性需要去医院做复查。
下面就讲讲艾滋病检测试纸的使用步骤
一，艾滋病检测前准备
1，查看说明书，了解使用方法与艾滋病检测流程；
2，了解艾滋病试纸，弄清楚采样区、检测区、质控区的位置；
二，采血
1，用附带的洒精棉对采血针、欲采血的手指消毒；
2，用采血针刺破手指，并1～2滴指血滴入试纸的采样区；
3，用酒精棉将破损的手指压住，并加入1滴稀释液在试纸的血液上；
三，等待结果
1，将艾滋病试纸放在无风的室内等环境；
2，等待5～15分钟查看检测结果；
四，判读结果
1，检测区和质控区都显红线，也就是2条红线，则结果为阳性，证明感染了HIV；
2，检测区无红线，质控区有红线，也就是1条红线，则结果为阴性，证明没有感染HIV；
3，无红线，说明艾滋病检测试纸失效；
五，垃圾处理
1，用酒精棉擦拭采血针，并将采血针冒盖上；
2，最好将试纸、酒精棉、采血针等物品烧掉或处理好。
艾滋病检测试纸的使用步骤了解后，还要注意一点，20分钟后检测试纸就没有效果了。只要有质量保障的艾滋病检测试纸准确率还是非常高的，艾滋病检测试纸不会出现假阴性。如果自己不能确信，可以用艾滋病试纸多检测几次了。如果检测是阴性还有艾滋病初期症状也不需要去担心，因为这可能只是平常的小毛病而已。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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AIDS strip reliable? HIV testing (hiv) test strips using steps
2011/04/25 13:08 Source: YNET.com north Beijing Youth Science and Technology News
Q: Recently, the Internet, HIV test strip is very hot selling, marketing Web site declares, "can make a test strip within 15 minutes out of your fear." But there were reports that the accuracy of dipstick test results are not satisfactory, it may increase the psychological burden that the tester or delayed medical treatment, and discarded at random testing apparatus, potentially infecting others. So, this AIDS test strip in the end do not reliable?
A: AIDS test strip is generally used when screening a large area survey, such as for blood donation before or emergency surgery. After being infected by HIV, the blood will contain a large number of antibodies, these antibodies can be fixed in the test paper with the AIDS virus antigen play a role, combined with color markers, so that the detection zone in the red strip. If two red lines appear on the test strip, said blood HIV antibody positive; there is a red line was negative; no red line denotes failure.
AIDS, the accuracy of test strips, including both the sensitivity and specificity. The higher the sensitivity, a "false negative" lower probability; and specificity higher "false positive" lower probability. Different brands, different areas of the strip due to technical reasons, such as the use of different HIV antigens, the accuracy can be achieved are different.
Therefore, as the first steps AIDS screening, HIV dipstick test results show, there is a certain degree of "false positive" and "false negative" as well. If the dipstick test results were "negative", but the testers had intravenous drug use, not regular blood transfusions, multiple sexual partners, prostitution, prostitution and other dangerous behavior, can not be so determined is safe. Similarly, if the dipstick test results as "positive", the tester need not despair, there may strip shows a "false positive", in fact, its not infected with HIV.
As the general population, the use of HIV test strips control their own health, routine examination, is an acceptable approach, but do not encourage their operations at home strip, but rather to the disease control centers or major hospitals and other designated agency inspection. Especially in the absence of professional testing under the guidance of their operation, may cause further reduce accuracy. For example, for blood coagulation tests easy to those who need a drop or two drops in blood dilution, when the dilution of the excess, prone to "false negative" test results.
In addition, HIV test strip as a drug, you must have drugs and medical equipment business license business license. If the sale of HIV test paper's website, can not provide such certification, the test strips sold is fake and shoddy products, there is no accuracy to speak of.
Some people worry about dropping the test strip detection equipment, will make other people infected by AIDS, there is no scientific basis. There are only three routes of transmission of AIDS, the blood transmission, mother to child transmission and sexual transmission. However, the used test strip and accompanying needle and so on, although not spread AIDS, but may spread other diseases, and should be properly handled, can not be arbitrarily discarded.
□ holes Zhang (China Association of STD and AIDS Prevention, Vice President)
□ Interview / Qin Mian
HIV testing (hiv) test strips using steps
Posted by: sofoxso Time: April 25, 2011 16:19:13
Use of AIDS test strip before the first look at the characteristics of HIV test strips, compared to other HIV testing methods, HIV test strip has a detection fast, convenient, and strong security features, testing those who without the need for professional training, self-control instructions can be completed at home testing, and results are very accurate hiv test strips, 2 to 3 times the test results are the same, to be confirmed in. Because of the existence of the window, so the AIDS test strip to be used in the window after a period to be meaningful.
Negative HIV test paper is a red line, two lines represent positive, should the need to go to the hospital for the positive review.
Here to talk about the use of HIV test strip steps
First, HIV testing preparation
1, see instructions, understand the use and HIV testing process;
2, about AIDS test paper, to clarify the sampling area, inspection area, Quality Control Areas;
Second, the blood
1, with fine cotton with a sprinkling of blood collection needles, fingers like blood sterilization;
2, with blood collection needle broken finger, and 1 to 2 drops of sample test paper that drops into the area;
3, with a broken finger alcohol cotton to hold him down, and add 1 drop of blood dilution on the test strip;
Third, wait for the results
1, no wind on the strip of AIDS and other indoor environments;
2, wait 5 to 15 minutes to view the test results;
Fourth, interpretation of results
1, testing and quality control district area was red, that is, two red, the result is positive, proof of infection HIV;
2, the detection area without the red line, quality control area has red line, which is a red line, the result is negative, prove that no infected with HIV;
3, no red line, indicating that HIV detection test failure;
Fifth, garbage disposal
1 cotton wipe the blood collection needle with alcohol, and blood collection needles to take cover;
2, the best test strips, alcohol, cotton, blood collection needles and other items to destroy or deal with.
AIDS test strip after learning about the use of steps, but also note that 20 minutes after the test strip to no effect. As long as the quality assurance of HIV testing strips is still very high accuracy rate, AIDS will not be a false negative test strip. If your not convinced, you can use AIDS test several times more than strip. If the test is negative, there are early symptoms of AIDS do not need to worry about, because it may be just the usual small problems only.
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