生物通报道 6月5日艾滋病迎来了其30岁生日。或者更准确地说，这是美国疾病预防中心在医学上确诊第一例艾滋病的30周年纪念日。
艾滋病的医学全名为“获得性免疫缺陷综合征” (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome，AIDS) ，由人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV，又称艾滋病病毒）引起。通俗地讲，艾滋病就是人体的免疫系统被艾滋病病毒破坏，使人体对威胁生命的各种病原体丧失了抵抗能力，从而发生多种感染或肿瘤，最后导致死亡的一种严重传染病。这种病毒终生传染。随着人体免疫力的降低，艾滋病病人会越来越频繁地感染上各种致病微生物，而且感染的程度也会变得越来越严重，最终会因各种复合感染而导致死亡。
艾滋病初露峥嵘
30年前，美国流行病学家在1981年6月5日出版的《发病率与死亡率周刊》(MMWR)报道称，洛杉矶5名原本身体健康的年轻同性恋男子被诊断患有卡氏肺囊虫肺炎 (PCP)，这种传染病常见于免疫功能严重受损的人。他们据信是首批因感染艾滋病病毒死亡的患者。
一个月后，MMWR又报道说，洛杉矶、旧金山和纽约有26名原本健康的同性恋男子染病，他们除 PCP之外还患上一种不同寻常的癌症——卡波西肉瘤。他们的免疫系统受到严重破坏。这种神秘的症状像是一种大概通过性行为传播的传染病。
很快，许多人群中出现病例：注射吸毒者、血友病患者以及其他接受输血的人、异性恋男女、染病妇女生下的孩子。艾滋病的时代开始了。
艾滋病30年大事记
1981年，首次报道艾滋病病例。
1983年，法国科学家锁定了致病的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），随后研究人员发现这种病毒可以通过精液、阴道分泌物、乳汁和血液传播，“劫持”关键免疫细胞并复制自身。
1986年，人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）被多个国家的科学工作者定义为艾滋病病毒。
1987年，世界卫生组织（WHO）启动全球艾滋病防治计划。
1991年，美国NBA球星约翰逊因感染艾滋病病毒而宣布退役。红丝带成为关注艾滋病防治问题的国际性标识。
1995年，美国食品和药物管理局批准蛋白酶抑制剂为治疗艾滋病药物。美国跳水明星洛加尼斯承认感染艾滋病病毒。
1996年，美籍华裔科学家何大一在当年的世界艾滋病大会上公布了他研制出的“鸡尾酒疗法”。
1998年，科学家开始进行艾滋病疫苗的第一次大规模人体测试。
1999年，研究人员在非洲黑猩猩体内发现艾滋病病毒。
2000年，第13届世界艾滋病大会在南非德班召开，这是该会议首次在发展中国家举行。
2001年，医学界研制出治疗艾滋病的基因药物。
2002年，调查显示，艾滋病已成为全球15至59岁年龄段人群的最主要杀手之一，成年艾滋病患者中女性占了一半。
2004年，因为发现大批演员感染艾滋病病毒，美国不良电影业停业60天。
2005年，全球艾滋病病毒感染者人数增加到3860万，死于艾滋病的人数有2500万。南非前总统曼德拉宣布其儿子死于艾滋病。
2006年，科学家证实人类艾滋病病毒源自野生黑猩猩。美国正式把艾滋病纳入体检项目。
30年抗艾工作取显著成果
艾滋病发现进入第30个年头，全球抗艾工作在过去的30年里取得了显著的成果。联合国艾滋病规划署３日在纽约联合国总部发布的一份题为《艾滋病30年：各国处于十字路口》的报告说，截至２０１０年底，全球中低收入国家中约有６６０万人接受了抗逆转录病毒药物治疗，比２００１年增长了近２２倍。此外，全球至少有４２万名儿童接受了抗逆转录病毒药物治疗，比２００８年增长了５０％以上。２００１年至２００９年期间，全球新发艾滋病感染病例下降了２５％，其中印度和南非作为亚洲和非洲艾滋病患者人数最多的国家，分别减少了５０％以上和３５％以上。由于在妊娠、生产及哺乳期间接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒携带孕妇人数增加，新感染艾滋病的儿童数量在１０年间也减少了２６％。
近期取得的突破性研究进展
2011年伊始，从德国Charité大学医学院传来了艾滋病治疗的重大消息。研究人员通过干细胞移植手术，证明了一位43岁男性艾滋病患者被治愈。这是自艾滋病病毒1981年被发现以来，首例被证明的艾滋病治愈病例。
早些时候在柏林举行的HIV研讨会上，美国科学家提供了一系列的研究资料：从６个艾滋病病人的体内取出血细胞，然后去除其中的CCR5基因，再放回病人体内。这个工作就像是用剪刀剪掉细胞DNA中有问题的部分，然后再将它缝合，放回病人体内。这个母细胞就可以通过在人体内不断地繁殖产生新的健康细胞，从而抵御艾滋。
美国俄勒冈健康科学大学(OHSU)5月11日宣布，在猴子身上进行的疫苗实验成功，可能有助于研发用于人类身上的艾滋病毒(HIV)疫苗。
来自澳大利亚墨尔本大学的研究人员在一些艾滋病病毒携带者身上识别出一种艾滋病抗体，这种抗体虽不能起到治愈艾滋病的效果，但它能够促使人体免疫系统找到并攻击艾滋病病毒，从而预防艾滋病发病。
此外，来自法国的研究人员日前报告说他们研制的一种新型艾滋病疫苗在雌性猕猴身上试验成果，实验结果表明，这一疫苗能够有效防止艾滋病通过性途径传播。
这些研究成果使人们看到了艾滋病预防及治疗的新希望，表明在不久的未来医学家们极有可能终结这一延续了30年的顽症。
（生物通：何嫱）
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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30 years fighting AIDS, chronic treatment of a bright future
www.ebiotrade.com Time: June 7, 2011 Source: Bio Link
Abstract: June 5 AIDS ushered in its 30th birthday. Or, more precisely, it is the United States Centre for Disease Prevention confirmed the first cases of AIDS medicine the 30th anniversary.
Bio-General reported on June 5 AIDS ushered in its 30th birthday. Or, more precisely, it is the United States Centre for Disease Prevention confirmed the first cases of AIDS medicine the 30th anniversary.
AIDS medicine full-called "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS), by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, also known as the AIDS virus) cause. More simply, AIDS is the body's immune system damaged by HIV, the body of life-threatening loss of resistance to various pathogens, which occurred in a variety of infections or tumors, leading to the death of a serious infectious disease. Transmission of the virus for life. With the reduction of the human immune system, AIDS patients will be more and more frequently infected with various pathogenic microorganisms, and the extent of infection will become more and more serious, eventually for a variety of complex infection leading to death.
AIDS burst on the scene towering
30 years ago, the United States, epidemiologists at the June 5, 1981 issue of "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly" (MMWR) reported that Los Angeles had five healthy young gay men were diagnosed with lung sac Cartesian insect pneumonia (PCP), this infectious disease is common in people with severely damaged immune function. They are believed to be the first death due to HIV patients.
A month later, MMWR has reported that Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York, 26 previously healthy homosexual men infected, in addition to their PCP in addition to suffering from a very different kind of cancer - Kaposi's sarcoma. Their immune systems are severely damaged. The mystery about the symptoms like a sexually transmitted diseases.
Soon, many people appear in cases of: injecting drug users, hemophiliacs and others who received blood transfusions, heterosexual men and women, infected women gave birth to the child. AIDS era began.
Highlights 30 years AIDS
In 1981, the first reported AIDS cases.
In 1983, French scientists locked pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), then the researchers found that the virus can be semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk and blood transmission, "hijacking" the key immune cells and replicate itself.
In 1986, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by several countries, scientists defined as the AIDS virus.
In 1987, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global AIDS prevention program.
In 1991, NBA star Johnson for the United States infected with HIV and announced his retirement. Become the focus of Red Ribbon AIDS issues at the international identity.
In 1995, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the protease inhibitor for the treatment of AIDS drugs. Louganis diving star admitted the United States infected with HIV.
In 1996, the American scientist David Ho in the year of the World AIDS Conference announced that he developed the "cocktail therapy."
In 1998, scientists began the first large-scale AIDS vaccine human trials.
In 1999, researchers found that chimpanzees in Africa, HIV.
In 2000, the 13th World AIDS Conference held in Durban, South Africa, this is the first time the meeting was held in developing countries.
In 2001, the medical community developed a gene therapy of AIDS drugs.
In 2002, the survey shows that AIDS has become the world aged 15 to 59 age group one of the main killer of adult women living with AIDS in the half.
In 2004, the discovery of a large number of actors infected with HIV, the U.S. film industry closed 60 days bad.
In 2005, the global number of HIV infections increased to 38.6 million, the number of AIDS deaths 2,500 million. Former South African President Nelson Mandela announced that his son died of AIDS.
In 2006, scientists confirmed that the human AIDS virus originated from wild chimpanzees. United States formally into the medical program of AIDS.
30 years of remarkable achievements to take anti-AIDS work
AIDS enters its 30th year that the global anti-AIDS work in the past 30 years has achieved remarkable results. 3 UNAIDS released at United Nations Headquarters in New York, a report entitled "30 Years of AIDS: Country at a crossroads," the report said, as of the end of 2010, the world in about 660 million people in low-income countries received antiretroviral viral drug therapy, compared to 2001 increased by nearly 22 times. In addition, at least 42 million children worldwide received antiretroviral drug therapy, compared with 2008 increased by 50%. 2001-2009 period, the global decline in new HIV infections by 25%, with India and South Africa, Asia and Africa as a country with the largest number of AIDS patients, were reduced by 50% and 35% or more. Because pregnancy, childbirth and lactation periods on antiretroviral therapy increased the number of pregnant women carry HIV, the number of children newly infected with HIV in 10 years has decreased by 26%.
Recent research progress achieved breakthrough
Beginning in 2011, from the Charité University Medical School in Germany came the big news of AIDS treatment. Researchers stem cell transplantation, demonstrated a 43-year-old male AIDS patients were cured. This is the AIDS virus was discovered in 1981, since first proven cases of AIDS cure.
Earlier in the seminar held in Berlin, HIV, U.S. scientists provided a series of research data: from 6 AIDS patients to take blood cells in vivo, and then remove one of the CCR5 gene, and then back into the patient. This work is like a cut with scissors in cell DNA Part of the problem, then it is stitched back into the patient. The mother cell to the human body can continue to produce new healthy cells reproduce, and thus against HIV.
Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) 5 月 11, announced, the vaccine on monkeys were successful experiment, developed for humans may contribute to HIV (HIV) vaccine.
From researchers at the University of Melbourne, Australia in a number of people living with HIV who identified an AIDS antibody, this antibody cure AIDS, although the effect can not play, but it can make the immune system to find and attack the AIDS virus, thus preventing AIDS disease.
In addition, researchers from France recently reported that they have developed a new type of AIDS vaccine test results in female rhesus monkeys who, experimental results show that the vaccine could effectively prevent AIDS through sexual transmission.
These results enable people to see the AIDS prevention and treatment of new hope that medical scientists in the near future is likely to end this deadly disease lasted 30 years.
(Biological Link: He Qiang)
