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三大途径有效预防感染艾滋病
来源：四川新闻网-凉山日报 2011年06月28日09:56
艾滋病病毒主要存在于人体的血液、精液、阴道分泌液、乳汁和伤口渗出液中，专家指出，目前尚不能治愈艾滋病，但通过控制三大传播途径，可有效预防感染艾滋病。
贵州省疾控中心主任黎明说，首先，要预防血液传播。远离毒品，抵制毒品，避免注射吸毒共用注射器引起的传播；对于暂时无法戒毒的人，可以采取美沙酮替代治疗和清洁针具交换的方法；避免接受污染了的血液或血液制品、组织及器官，预防引起需要输血的事故，减少不必要或不适当的输血；只接受经过艾滋病病毒检测的血液、血制品和组织；使用清洁医疗器具，不与他人共用针头或注射器及其它可以引起破损的工具如剃须刀、牙刷等。
其次，预防经性接触传播。遵守道德，洁身自好，进行安全的性行为，正确使用安全套，患了性病及早到规范医院检查、治疗。
最后，预防母婴传播。感染艾滋病毒的妇女应避免怀孕，一旦怀孕，在医生指导下终止妊娠；对选择继续妊娠者应采取抗病毒药物干预和剖宫产等措施阻断传播，产后进行人工喂养，避免对新生儿进行母乳喂养。
专家指出，艾滋病病毒是一种非常脆弱的病毒，对外界的抵抗力较弱，离开人体后，常温下存活的时间很短。干燥环境、加热、消毒等方法均能有效杀灭艾滋病病毒。日常生活工作和共用公共设施不传播艾滋病，如握手、拥抱或接吻，咳嗽或打喷嚏，使用共用电话，到医院就诊，共用餐具或饮具，使用饮水器，使用卫生间或淋浴设备，使用公共游泳池，被蚊虫叮咬等都不会传播艾滋病。
专家表示，目前尚不能治愈艾滋病。已有的抗病毒药物和治疗方法，虽不能治愈艾滋病，但可有效抑制病毒复制，降低传播危险，延缓发病，提高病人生活质量。主要治疗措施有抗病毒治疗，强调联合用药(俗称“鸡尾酒”疗法)，抗机会性感染治疗，免疫调节和心理治疗等。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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Three ways to prevent HIV infection
Source: Sichuan News Network - Liangshan Daily at 09:56 on June 28, 2011
AIDS virus is mainly present in the body's blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk, and wound exudate, the experts pointed out that currently no cure for AIDS, but by controlling the three major routes of transmission can be effective in preventing HIV infection.
Guizhou Province, said CDC Director Dawn, first, to prevent blood-borne. Stay away from drugs, resistance to drugs, injecting drug users sharing syringes to avoid causing the spread; temporarily unable to treatment for people who can take methadone substitution therapy and needle and syringe exchange method; avoid receiving contaminated blood or blood products, tissues and organs, prevention of accidents caused by blood transfusion required, to reduce unnecessary or inappropriate blood transfusion; only accept HIV testing through blood, blood products and organization; the use of clean medical equipment, not sharing needles or syringes with others can cause damage, and other tools such as razors, toothbrushes and so on.
Second, to prevent transmitted through sexual contact. Ethical, abstinence, safe sex for the correct use of condoms, suffering from a venereal disease hospital as soon as possible to the standard treatment.
Finally, prevention of mother to child transmission. HIV-infected women should avoid pregnancy, when pregnant, termination of pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor; for those who choose to continue pregnancy should take antiviral intervention and other measures to block the spread of cesarean section, postpartum artificial feeding, to avoid for newborns breastfeeding.
Experts point out that HIV is a very fragile virus, weak resistance to the outside world, leaving the human body, the room temperature is very short survival time. Dry environment, heating, sterilization and other methods can effectively kill the HIV virus. Everyday work and sharing public facilities spread of AIDS, such as shaking hands, hugging or kissing, coughing or sneezing, using a shared phone, to the hospital, sharing utensils or drinking utensils, drinking use, use the bathroom or shower, use public swimming pools , mosquito bites and so does not spread AIDS.
Experts said that currently can not cure AIDS. Existing antiviral drugs and treatments, although not cure AIDS, but can effectively inhibit viral replication, reduce the risk of transmission, slow disease, improve patient quality of life. Primary treatment has anti-viral treatment, emphasizing the combination therapy (commonly known as "cocktail" therapy), anti-opportunistic infections, immune and psychological treatment.
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