17种艾滋病病毒抗体问世 为疫苗提供新标靶
优讯-中国网 china.com.cn/info 时间： 2011-08-22 责任编辑: 健儿
据美国物理学家组织网8月17日报道，最近，美国斯克里普斯研究院、生物技术公司Theraclone科学、Monogram生物科学等多家研究机构组成的一个联合研究小组与国际艾滋病疫苗倡议组织(IAVI)合作，分离出了17种能广泛中和艾滋病病毒(HIV)变种的新抗体，为设计候选疫苗提供了新的标靶。相关研究论文发表在近期出版的《自然》杂志上。
中和性抗体是由血液中获得性免疫细胞暴露于病毒后产生的一类可溶性蛋白。在血液中，它们能与病毒结合，阻止其进一步感染人体细胞，并可导致病毒颗粒裂解，引起“中和”反应。由于中和性抗体可以在病毒感染人体细胞之前将其“消灭”，因此，如果此类抗体在人体暴露于HIV之前就存在，将可以预防感染发生。
这17种新的强效广谱中和性抗体(bNAbs)是从4名HIV阳性患者血液中分离出来的，它们有些能与HIV表面的不知名分子结构或表位结合，这意味着在设计疫苗时，可供选择的标靶大大增加；而且其中一些抗体阻止HIV感染的效力比以前开发的抗体强10倍到100倍。
只有少数HIV阳性病人在感染HIV病毒数年后能产生强效广谱中和性抗体。动物实验显示，如果一种预防性疫苗能引发这些抗体，就能阻止HIV感染。2009年时，该研究小组曾分离出包括PG9和PG16在内的3种强效中和性抗体，并在《科学》杂志上发表了相关论文。PG9和PG16是科学家首次发现的强效HIV广谱性抗体，可以与HIV-1中的一个糖蛋白(gp120)特定表位结合，阻止HIV-1感染人体细胞。随后，美国国家卫生研究院疫苗研究中心用完全不同的方法也分离出了一批强效中和性抗体。
“大部分抗病毒疫苗依赖于激活抗体反应才能产生效果。而HIV具有很强的变异性，抗HIV疫苗要想发挥效力必须能引发产生强效中和性抗体。分析这些抗体的结构和生化特性有助于揭示其余HIV结合形成免疫原的机理，免疫原是疫苗的活性成分。”论文作者之一、斯克里普斯研究院IAVI中和性抗体中心主管、免疫与微生物科学教授丹尼斯·伯顿解释说，这些新抗体在艾滋病疫苗研究中具有重要价值。
研究人员还指出，设计艾滋病候选疫苗的关键是有效利用抗体反应，要想让艾滋病疫苗提供广泛性保护，必须能引发产生相应的强效中和性抗体。新抗体的发现也预示了未来艾滋病疫苗设计的趋势，以及如何实现疫苗效果最大化。(常丽君)
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
 |
| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
| |
|
|
17 kinds of HIV antibody advent of a new target for the vaccine
Excellent (Reuters) - China Network china.com.cn / info Date: 2011-08-22 Editor: athletes
According to the American physicist organizational networks reported on August 17, most recently, the U.S. Scripps Research Institute, biotech companies Theraclone science, Monogram Biosciences and a number of research institutions in a joint study group with the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ( IAVI) co-isolated in 17 different broad-and AIDS virus (HIV) variants of the new antibody for the design of candidate vaccines provide a new target. Research papers published in recent issue of "Nature" magazine.
Neutralizing antibodies from the blood immune cells obtained after exposure to the virus produces a class of soluble proteins. In the blood, they can combine with the virus and prevent its further infection of human cells, virus particles can lead to cracking, causing the "neutral" response. Because neutralizing antibodies in infected human cells before they "destroy", so, if such antibodies in humans exposed to HIV existed before, will be able to prevent infection.
The 17 kinds of new potent broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from four HIV-positive patients in the isolated blood, some of them with unknown molecular structure of the surface of HIV or combination of epitopes, which means that the design vaccine, the choice of target greatly increased; and some of the effect of antibodies to prevent HIV infection before the development of antibodies than 10 times to 100 times stronger.
Only a few HIV-positive patients infected with HIV a few years later to produce a potent broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies. Animal experiments have shown that if a preventive vaccine can cause these antibodies can prevent HIV infection. In 2009, the research team has isolated including PG9 and PG16, including the three potent neutralizing antibodies, and "Science" magazine published a related paper. PG9 and PG16 is the first time scientists have discovered potent broad-spectrum HIV antibodies with HIV-1 in a glycoprotein (gp120)-specific epitope binding, preventing HIV-1 infected human cells. Subsequently, the U.S. National Institutes of Health Vaccine Research Center using completely different methods to isolate a group of potent neutralizing antibodies.
"Most anti-virus vaccine antibody response depends on activation to produce results, while HIV has a strong variability, in order to be effective anti-HIV vaccine must be able to lead to produce potent neutralizing antibody analysis of these structural and biochemical characteristics of antibodies help to reveal the rest of the original HIV immune mechanism to form, the vaccine's active ingredient was originally immunity. "authors of the Scripps Research Institute IAVI Neutralizing antibodies Director, Center for Immunology and Microbial Sciences Professor Daniel Sibo Burton explained that these new antibodies in AIDS vaccine research has an important value.
The researchers also noted that the design of AIDS vaccine candidates is the key to effective use of antibody response, to get an AIDS vaccine to provide broad protection, must be able to lead to produce potent neutralizing antibodies. The discovery of new antibodies also foreshadowed the trend of the future AIDS vaccine design, and how to maximize the effect of the vaccine. (Chang Lijun)
|
