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美发现人体抗H IV“新武器”
2011年08月05日 16:00:47 来源： 新华国际
【美国每日科学网站8月3日报道】题：自然杀伤细胞促使对HIV的免疫反应
一项最新研究首次发现，作为人体第一道防线的自然杀伤细胞能够促进身体对HIV的免疫反应。拉贡研究所的研究小组在最新一期《自然》杂志上发表的文章透露，艾滋病病毒为了躲避自然杀伤细胞的活动开始发生变异。
拉贡研究所由马萨诸塞综合医院、麻省理工学院和哈佛大学合办，该研究所的马库斯·奥尔特菲尔德说：“这项研究首次表明，自然杀伤细胞可以对HIV起免疫反应，之前只有在T细胞和抗体上发现这种作用，这让抗击HIV的细胞家族中又多了一名成员。”
他说：“眼下的挑战在于如何将这些发现转化为新的预防或治疗对策。”
自然杀伤细胞是人体天然免疫系统的一部分，可以对入侵人体的有机体产生一般化的反应。与包括T细胞和抗体在内的适应性免疫系统不同的是，天然免疫系统的反应是短时期的，并且不针对特定病毒或细菌。自然杀伤细胞会捆绑被病毒感染的细胞或肿瘤细胞，释放杀死细胞的蛋白以破坏它们的目标。由于自然杀伤细胞有很强的杀伤力，它们需要被密切控制，所以这些细胞的细胞膜上既分布有杀死细胞的活性受体又有起抑制作用的受体。
研究显示，自然杀伤细胞在HIV感染初期会大量增加，这种细胞能抑制培养组织里H IV病毒的繁殖。研究还发现，有些人的自然杀伤细胞含有杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白受体(KIR)，这些人能更好地控制HIV病毒水平。但自然杀伤细胞控制HIV复制时是通过直接辨认受感染细胞还是通过其他间接机制目前还不得而知。
研究人员的研究初衷是要测试这种假设：如果HIV病毒发生变异，并且可以被特定的KIR识别，那这种病毒就能免受自然杀伤细胞的攻击。新发现支持了自然杀伤细胞在HIV控制中的作用。。
艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复 艾滋病不治会早死，早治才康复
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| 图示∶2011年5月正式出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构事迹 |
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United States found that human anti-H IV "new weapon"
August 5, 2011 16:00:47 Source: Xinhua International
[U.S. Science Daily website reported on August 3] Title: Natural killer cells promote the immune response to HIV
The first time, a new study found that as the first line of defense of human natural killer cells can promote the body's immune response to HIV. Aragon Institute research team in the latest issue of "Nature" magazine published an article said, in order to avoid HIV activity of natural killer cells began to mutate.
Lagoon from the Massachusetts General Hospital Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University jointly organized the Institute of Marcus Oort Rumsfeld said: "This is the first show that natural killer cells from the immune response to HIV before only in T cells and antibodies found on this role, which makes the fight against HIV cells the addition of a family member. "
He said: "The challenge now is how these discoveries into new prevention or treatment strategies."
Natural killer cells are part of the body's natural immune system, the organism can invade the human body produces generalized response. And including T cells and antibodies, including the adaptive immune system is different is that the natural immune system response time is short, and not for a specific virus or bacteria. Natural killer cells bound virus-infected cells or tumor cells, killing cells release proteins to destroy their targets. Due to natural killer cells have a strong lethal, they need to be closely controlled, so the plasma membrane of these cells to kill both the distribution of the activity of receptor cells have the receptor from inhibition.
Studies have shown that natural killer cells in early HIV infection will increase substantially, such cells can inhibit the H IV virus in tissue culture propagation. The study also found that some people's natural killer cells with killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR), these people can better control the level of HIV virus. However, natural killer cells, control of HIV replication is to identify infected cells directly or through other indirect mechanisms is still unknown.
The researchers' original intention was to test this hypothesis: If the HIV virus mutates and can be specific KIR recognition, that the virus can attack from natural killer cells. New findings support the natural killer cells in HIV control in the role.
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