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社会性别与艾滋病政策研究报告公布 女性存在对艾滋病易感性
2010年07月27日16:40 来源：人民网
人民网北京7月27日电 （记者王君平）由联合国妇女发展基金、联合国艾滋病规划署、中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所媒介传播与青少年研究中心联合主办,“社会性别与艾滋病政策研究报告”发布和倡导研讨会7月26日在联合国艾滋病规划署驻华办事处举行。项目主持人，中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所卜卫教授介绍了研究的主要发现:女性存在对艾滋病的易感性；已感染艾滋病的女性，存在应对艾滋病所导致后果的脆弱性。
会议邀请了来自联合国有关机构、政府有关部门、性别与妇女研究部门、感染者组织、大众媒体等各方面的专家，共同讨论如何应对研究报告中所揭示的问题和面临的挑战。
“社会性别与艾滋病政策研究”项目，是受联合国妇女发展基金和联合国艾滋病规划署委托，由中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所媒介传播与青少年发展研究中心组成的课题组实施完成的。项目执行时间为2008年10月至2010年1月。课题组在河南、河北、北京、陕西、山东、山西、广西、广东、贵州、云南、四川、辽宁、上海等13个省、市、自治区的26个调查地点，完成了130余位女性感染者的访谈，850份问卷调查，以及26个地方感染者小组/组织的访问。
卜卫教授介绍说，由于社会经济地位低下且受传统性别文化的影响以及教育不足和相关资讯严重缺乏，无论经卖血、输血、性接触或静脉吸毒感染艾滋病，女性均存在对艾滋病的易感性；已感染艾滋病的女性，存在应对艾滋病所导致后果的脆弱性。研究还发现，一部分女性已经在抗击艾滋病中发挥了重要作用，包括维持家庭保护孩子、生产自救、向社会发声、走出家门与其他女性感染者相互支持、反对歧视、依法维权、自发成立女性小组组织起来重建生活等。但她们缺少相应的社会支持和信息资源。
课题组在调研的基础上，提出了三方面的政策建议，包括降低易感性、降低应对艾滋病的脆弱性和赋权妇女及脆弱群体等。卜卫强调，应发展特别的政策和措施用于赋权妇女，包括：发展针对易感人群的功能性扫盲教育项目和人权教育项目。如为农村和少数民族女性感染者（大都是在小学三年级或五年级时辍学的女性）提供中短期功能性扫盲课程，提供有关如何预防艾滋病交叉感染，如何写项目申请书，如何申请小额贷款等生活中需要的信息和知识，使她们能获得生活的新起点。
卜卫认为，这一研究最重要的建议是：发展政策支持女性感染者小组并支持其可持续性的发展。其政策内容包括：⑴ 资源公平分配：发展专门的项目并播出一定款项专门支持基层的女性感染者小组/组织。这些支持应该包括女同感染者小组、“同妻”、女性性工作者等更为脆弱的群体。⑵ 信息支持：为女性感染者提供方便接近的媒体硬件（如计算机、DVD播放设备、电视、印刷媒体等）；提供适合底层女性的、具有社会性别敏感的艾滋病防治资讯；提供有关多元性取向、性的多元化、性安全以及性病知识和妇科知识的资讯和有关艾滋病法律与人权方面的资讯。同时，还应通过培训支持女性小组、小组发起人和领导者，提高其利用各种信息的能力。⑶ 传播倡导支持：大多数女性感染者不习惯发出自己的声音。提供资源帮助女性感染者发展草根媒体，为她们提供专门的传播倡导的培训，以提高交流和表达能力、女性感染者组织与大众媒介合作协商能力、向社会做倡导的能力以及政策对话的能力。⑷ 能力建设：提供资源支持女性外出开会或培训、参与政策讨论等。根据调查，这种机会对她们学习新东西、开阔眼界、建立自信、发展新的社会联系和社会资本以及学习民主管理一个组织等具有非常重要的作用。⑸ 建立广泛合作和联系：提供资源以促进女性感染者小组与社会性别专家、各种女性组织以及女性的交流。课题组期望全国妇联和地方妇联系统能够支持女性感染者小组或组织，并使这种支持成为妇联维权系统的重要工作之一。
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Gender and AIDS policy research report was published, the existence of AIDS susceptibility of women
At 4:40 p.m. on the July 27, 2010 Source: People's Network
PRC Beijing on July 27 (Xinhua Wang Junping) from the United Nations Development Fund for Women, UNAIDS, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Journalism and Communication Research Center of vector-borne jointly organized with the youth, "Gender and AIDS policy research report "Publish and promote seminars on July 26 at the United Nations Office at UNAIDS China. Project Facilitator, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Journalism and Communication Bu Wei, Professor of the main findings: the existence of women's susceptibility to AIDS; women with AIDS, there are consequences should lead to AIDS vulnerability.
Invited from relevant United Nations agencies, government departments, gender and women's studies departments, infected tissue, the mass media and other experts to discuss how to respond to a research report reveals the problems and challenges.
"Gender and AIDS policy research" project, is subject to United Nations Development Fund for Women and UNAIDS commissioned by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Journalism and Communication, Mass Media and Youth Development Research Center of the composition of the research team completed the implementation. Project execution time for the October 2008-January 2010. Discussion group in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Liaoning, Shanghai and other 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the 26 survey sites, and completed more than 130 women are infected interviews, 850 questionnaires, and 26 local infection team / organization to access.
Professor Bu Wei said that as socio-economic status and the impact of the traditional gender culture, and lack of education and a serious lack of information, whether through selling blood, blood transfusion, sexual contact or intravenous drug users infected with HIV, women exist in the susceptibility to AIDS ; women with AIDS, there are consequences should lead to AIDS vulnerability. The study also found that part of the fight against AIDS in women has played an important role, including the maintenance of the family to protect children and self-sufficiency, the community voice, out of the house with other women infected with and support each other, fight against discrimination, Rights by Law, spontaneously formed group of women organized and renewal life. But they lack the appropriate social support and information resources.
Discussion group on the basis of research, made policy recommendations in three areas, including reducing susceptibility, response to AIDS, reduce vulnerability and empower women and vulnerable groups. Bu Wei stressed the need to develop specific policies and measures for the empowerment of women, including: development of susceptible populations for functional literacy education programs and human rights in education projects. The case of infected women in rural and ethnic minority (mostly in the third grade or fifth grade drop-out female) Ti Gong in Duanqi functional literacy courses provided how to prevent cross infection, how to write Xiangmu application How to apply for small loans and other life needs of information and knowledge, enabling them to get a new starting point of life.
Bu Wei that the most important recommendations of this study are: the development of policies to support women infected group and support its sustainable development. The policy includes: ⑴ equitable distribution of resources: the development of special projects and special funds to support broadcast some grass-roots group of infected women / organizations. Such support should include women with the infection group, "with the wife," such as female sex workers more vulnerable groups. ⑵ information support: In order to facilitate the close of infected women media hardware (such as computers, DVD playback device, television, print media, etc.); to provide for low-level women, with gender-sensitive HIV prevention information; provide multiple sexual orientation, of diversity, of security, and sexually transmitted diseases and gynecological information and knowledge on AIDS law and human rights information. Should also support women's groups through training, team sponsors and leaders to increase their use of information. ⑶ promote communication support: the majority of infected women are not used to their own voice. Infected women to provide resources to help the development of grassroots media, providing them with specialized training in the dissemination of advocacy to improve the communication and expression, women infected tissue mass media cooperation and consultation with the capacity to do advocacy to the community's capacity and policy dialogue. ⑷ capacity-building: to provide resources to support women go out to meetings or training, participation in policy discussions. According to the survey, such an opportunity for them to learn new things, broaden their horizons, build self-confidence, develop new social ties and social capital and democratic management of an organization to learn a very important role. ⑸ establish extensive cooperation and contact: the provision of resources to promote the infected group of women and gender experts, a variety of women's organizations and women's exchanges. Discussion group expect China Women's Federation and local women's federation system to support women infected groups or organizations, and systems that support a Women's Rights One of the important work.
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