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艾滋病实验室检查
一、血常规检查
白细胞计数常减少（＜3.5×109/L），淋巴细胞绝对值下降至1.5×109/L以下，可有贫血、血小板减少等。
二、抗-HIV检查
抗-HIV初筛试验阳性（多用酶联免疫吸附试验）并经确认试验（蛋白印迹法）证实，为诊断HIV感染的必要条件。IgM抗体一般在感染后2周出现，3个月内消退，可用以检测早期感染及婴儿在母体内感染，但这种抗体有时反应不灵敏，会影响结果。IgG抗体多在感染后6个月内出现。感染后至出现抗体前这段时期称为窗口期。抗体阳性标明被检者已感染了HIV，体内有HIV 存在，具有传染性；阴性表明被检者没有感染HIV，或虽然已被感染但尚未产生抗-HIV（窗口期）。
三、病毒学检查
用患者的外周血淋巴细胞、骨髓、精液、宫颈分泌物、脑脊液等标本可分离到HIV，检测其抗原、核酸和其反转录酶活性，但难以作为常规。PCR检测宿主细胞中的HIV前病毒DNA，不仅可提高阳性率而且可早期诊断。
四、免疫学检测
T淋巴细胞数量减少，CD4+细胞进行性减少，而CD8+细胞数改变不明显，Ts则相对性增多，CD4+/ CD8+≤1或更低。IgA与IgG增多，IgM变化不明显，自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性下降，迟发性超敏反应减弱或消失。
CD4+细胞计数是HIV感染进程及指导治疗的指标，感染者应每6个月检查一次CD4+细胞计数。
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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AIDS laboratory
First, blood routine examination
Often reduced white blood cell count (<3.5 × 109 / L), absolute lymphocytes decreased to 1.5 × 109 / L below may have anemia, thrombocytopenia.
Second, anti-HIV check
Anti-HIV screening test was positive (many with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and confirmed test (Western blot) confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection is a necessary condition. IgM antibodies usually appear 2 weeks after infection, subsided within 3 months, can be used to detect early infection and infection in babies in the womb, but the antibody response is sometimes insensitive, it will affect the results. IgG antibodies after infection and more than 6 months appear. Antibodies after infection to appear before the period called the window period. Antibody positive persons indicated that the seizure had been infected with HIV, has HIV exists in vivo, is contagious; negative that were seized were not infected with HIV, or have been infected but not yet although the production of anti-HIV (window period).
Third, the virological examination
Patients with peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow, semen, cervical secretions, cerebrospinal fluid and other specimens detachable to HIV, to detect the antigen, nucleic acid and its reverse transcriptase activity, but it is difficult as a routine. PCR detection of HIV in the host cell before the viral DNA, not only increase the positive rate and can be diagnosed early.
Fourth, immunoassay
Reduce the number of T lymphocytes, CD4 cells of the decrease, while no significant changes in CD8 cells, Ts the relative increase, CD4 / CD8 ≤ 1 or less. Increase in IgA and IgG, IgM did not change significantly, the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells decreased delayed hypersensitivity weakened or disappeared.
HIV infection in CD4 cell count is an indicator process and guide the treatment of infection should be inspected once every 6 months, CD4 cell count.
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